199 lines
18 KiB
HTML
199 lines
18 KiB
HTML
<html><head><title>Draft tutorial/ru</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><link type='text/css' href='wiki.css' rel='stylesheet'></head><body><h1>Draft tutorial/ru</h1></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="ru" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><hr/><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="fcinfobox wikitable ct" style="width: 230px; float: right; margin-left: 1em">
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<tr>
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<td class="ctTitle">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tutorial"><a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Base_ExampleCommandModel.png" class="image"><img alt="Base ExampleCommandModel.png" src="32px-Base_ExampleCommandModel.png" width="32" height="30" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/9/93/Base_ExampleCommandModel.png/48px-Base_ExampleCommandModel.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/9/93/Base_ExampleCommandModel.png 2x" /></a> Tutorial</span></h3>
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Topic
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven">Черчение
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Level
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven">Начинающий
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Time to complete
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven">20 минут
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Author
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:Drei">Drei</a>
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">FreeCAD version
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven">0.16 или выше
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Example File(s)
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven">
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctToc"><br /><div id="toc" class="toc"><div class="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Tutorial"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Tutorial</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#.D0.92.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Введение</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#.D0.A2.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Требования</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#.D0.94.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B5"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Действие</span></a>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Using_Planes"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Using Planes</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Creating_Profiles"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Creating Profiles</span></a>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#.D0.9B.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.B3.D0.B8"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Линии и дуги</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Planes.2C_Rectangles_and_Circles"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Planes, Rectangles and Circles</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#.D0.9F.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.8B"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Полигоны</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Arrays"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Arrays</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Adding_Dimensions"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Adding Dimensions</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Annotations_and_Text"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Annotations and Text</span></a>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Annotations"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Annotations</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Text"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Text</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Creating_Blueprints"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Creating Blueprints</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#.D0.A0.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.8F_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Рекомендуемая информация</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</td></tr></table>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.92.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5">Введение</span></h3>
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<p>Данный урок знакомит пользователя с основами рабочего процесса <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Module/ru" title="Draft Module/ru">Верстака Draft</a>, включая создание профилей, использование рабочих поверхностей, создание размеров, текста и надписей. В уроке используется нотация <b>(X, Y, Z)</b> для указания координат точки объекта.
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</p><p><a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_tutorial_result.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft tutorial result.png" src="480px-Draft_tutorial_result.png" width="480" height="308" srcset="/wiki/images/9/99/Draft_tutorial_result.png 1.5x" /></a>
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</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.A2.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F">Требования</span></h3>
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<ul><li> FreeCAD версии 0.16 или выше</li>
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<li> Пользователь ознакомлен со вкладками <b>Данные</b> и <b>Вид</b> для изменения свойств элементов при необходимости.</li></ul>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B5">Действие</span></h3>
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<p>Удостоверьтесь, что инструмент <b>Привязки Draft</b> включён для использования в этом уроке.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Start <b>FreeCAD</b></li>
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<li> If you haven't opened a new FreeCAD document (most of the FreeCAD window looks greyed-out), from the pull-down menu click File > New or click the Create A New Document tool <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Document-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="Document-new.svg" src="Document-new.svg" width="32" height="32" /></a>.</li>
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<li> Activate the <b>Draft Workbench</b></li>
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<li> Select the <b>Edit</b> menu</li>
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<li> Click on <b>Preferences</b></li>
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<li> Go to <b>Draft</b> and select the <b>Grid and snapping</b> tab</li>
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<li> Verify that the <b>Show Draft Snap toolbar</b> is active</li></ol>
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<p>Заметьте, вы можете изменить видимость <b>Сетки</b> в меню, если вы хотите отключить её.
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</p>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Using_Planes">Using Planes</span></h4>
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<p>Planes are used to restrict the behaviour of the Draft tools to a specific plane, avoiding problems with the location of points and curves in complex workpieces.
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Planes can reference the axes of the coordinate system <b>(XY, YZ, ...)</b> or they can use a planar surface in the document as its reference.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_SelectPlane.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft SelectPlane.png" src="32px-Draft_SelectPlane.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/a/aa/Draft_SelectPlane.png/48px-Draft_SelectPlane.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/a/aa/Draft_SelectPlane.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Draft_SelectPlane.html" title="Draft SelectPlane">Set working plane</a>. It ca be located within the <b>Draft workbench toolbar</b> or inside the <b>Draft menu</b> in the <b>Utilities</b> division.</li>
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<li> Selec the <b>XY</b> plane</li></ol>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_Profiles">Creating Profiles</span></h4>
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<p>The creation of profiles can be done in several ways. Though it is possible to use simple <b>arcs</b> and <b>lines</b> to do most of the work, FreeCAD includes several tools to speed up the process.
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</p>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.B3.D0.B8">Линии и дуги</span></h5>
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<ol><li> Выберите инструмент <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_Arc.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft Arc.png" src="Draft_Arc.png" width="64" height="64" /></a> <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Arc/ru" title="Draft Arc/ru">Дуга</a>.</li>
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<li> Установите координаты <b>центра</b> в <b>(0, 0, 0)</b></li>
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<li> Задайте <b>радиус</b> 30 мм</li>
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<li> Задайте <b>начальный угол</b> 60.0°</li>
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<li> Задайте <b>апертуру</b> 60.0°</li></ol>
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<p>Повторите действия для второй дуги, но с радиусом 25 мм.
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</p><p>Закройте профиль парой линий.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Выберите инструмент <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_Line.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft Line.png" src="Draft_Line.png" width="64" height="64" /></a> <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Line/ru" title="Draft Line/ru">Линия</a>.</li>
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<li> Наведите курсор на <b>конечную точку</b> любой из дуг. При приближении к конечной точке должна появиться белая точка и значок <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Snap_Endpoint.png" class="image"><img alt="Snap Endpoint.png" src="32px-Snap_Endpoint.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/4/4a/Snap_Endpoint.png/48px-Snap_Endpoint.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/4/4a/Snap_Endpoint.png 2x" /></a>. Выберите конечную точку.</li>
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<li> Выберите конечную точку другой дуги.</li>
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<li> Повторите для другой стороны дуг.</li></ol>
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<p>Теперь профиль определён несколькими кривыми, но он ещё не распознаётся как одно целое. Возможно продолжить работу с отдельными элементами как они есть, но в данном случае мы объединим их в один объект.
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</p><p>The following actions will alter the way the objects behave, making it hard to edit their properties, so it is best to do any necessary modifications before proceding.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Выберите одновременно дугу и линию удерживая клавишу <b>CTRL</b></li>
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<li> Щелкните <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_Upgrade.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft Upgrade.png" src="Draft_Upgrade.png" width="64" height="64" /></a> <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Upgrade/ru" title="Draft Upgrade/ru">Объединить</a></li></ol>
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<p>Оба объекта будут соединены в <b>Ломаную</b>. Повторите действие для соединения всех четырёх элементов в одну <b>Ломаную</b>.
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</p><p><br />
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</p>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Planes.2C_Rectangles_and_Circles">Planes, Rectangles and Circles</span></h5>
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<ol><li> Click <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_Rectangle.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft Rectangle.png" src="Draft_Rectangle.png" width="64" height="64" /></a> <a href="Draft_Rectangle.html" title="Draft Rectangle">Rectangle</a></li>
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<li> Set the first point on <b>(-100, -60, 0)</b></li>
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<li> Set the second point on <b>(140, 90, 0)</b></li></ol>
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<p>The result is a <b>Plane</b>. Its properties can be modified to remove the <b>filling</b>, by changing its <b>Display Mode</b> to <b>Wireframe</b>.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Выберите инструмент <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_Circle.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft Circle.png" src="Draft_Circle.png" width="64" height="64" /></a></li>
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<li> Установите центр в <b>(0, 0, 0)</b></li>
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<li> Задайте радиус 15 мм</li></ol>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.8B">Полигоны</span></h5>
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<ol><li> Выберите <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_Polygon.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft Polygon.png" src="Draft_Polygon.png" width="64" height="64" /></a> <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Polygon/ru" title="Draft Polygon/ru">Полигон</a></li>
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<li> Укажите центральную точку в <b>(0, 0, 0)</b></li>
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<li> Задайте радиус 50 мм</li>
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<li> Задайте количество сторон 6</li></ol>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Arrays">Arrays</span></h5>
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<p>Arrays are used to replicate an object several times in a direction, a revolution axis or along a path.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select the <b>Wire</b> that was previously created</li>
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<li> Click <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_Array.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft Array.png" src="32px-Draft_Array.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/c/c8/Draft_Array.png/48px-Draft_Array.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/c/c8/Draft_Array.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Draft_Array.html" title="Draft Array">Array</a></li>
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<li> In the <b>Data</b> tab of the object, change the Array type from <b>ortho</b> to <b>polar</b></li>
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<li> Change <b>Number Polar</b> from 1 to 3</li></ol>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Adding_Dimensions">Adding Dimensions</span></h4>
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<p>Dimensions require a constant use of <b>Snapping Constraints</b> to properly select the points that one wishes to dimension. The <b>Snapping toolbar</b> is used to change the possible points that can be selected.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_Dimension.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft Dimension.png" src="Draft_Dimension.png" width="64" height="64" /></a> <a href="Draft_Dimension.html" title="Draft Dimension">Dimension</a></li>
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<li> Select the first point. This can be either an existing element or specified by coordintes. For this tutorial, the first point will always be <b>(0, 0, 0)</b></li>
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<li> Select the second point. Approach the midpoint of the top line of the polygon. A white point should appear alongside this icon <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Snap_Midpoint.png" class="image"><img alt="Snap Midpoint.png" src="32px-Snap_Midpoint.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/d/db/Snap_Midpoint.png/48px-Snap_Midpoint.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/d/db/Snap_Midpoint.png 2x" /></a></li>
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<li> Move the cursor to the desired location of the dimension and click on it.</li>
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<li> Change the font size on the <b>View</b> tab to 6 mm</li></ol>
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<p>Повторите действия для дуг и отверстий.
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</p>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Annotations_and_Text">Annotations and Text</span></h4>
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<p>There is a slight difference between the two: it is only possible to use the second one as a profile to perform 3D operations.
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</p>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Annotations">Annotations</span></h5>
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<ol><li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_Text.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft Text.png" src="Draft_Text.png" width="64" height="64" /></a> <a href="Draft_Text.html" title="Draft Text">Text</a></li>
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<li> Select the reference point in the <b>3D View</b>. In this case, the midoint of the top arc.</li>
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<li> Enter your text and press <b>Enter</b>. Repeat for as many lines of text as you wish to input.</li>
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<li> Press <b>Enter</b></li></ol>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Text">Text</span></h5>
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<ol><li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Draft_ShapeString.png" class="image"><img alt="Draft ShapeString.png" src="32px-Draft_ShapeString.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/f/f7/Draft_ShapeString.png/48px-Draft_ShapeString.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/f/f7/Draft_ShapeString.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Draft_ShapeString.html" title="Draft ShapeString">ShapeString</a></li>
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<li> Select the reference point in the <b>3D View</b>. This can be an existing point or the current cursor location.</li>
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<li> Enter your text and press <b>Enter</b></li>
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<li> Set the desired font size</li>
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<li> Leave tracking at 0 mm</li>
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<li> Select the <b>path</b> to the font file that you wish to use</li></ol>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_Blueprints">Creating Blueprints</span></h4>
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<p>To create blueprints, it is necessary to create a <b>Drawing </b> with the elements that you wish to use. Please read the <a href="Drawing_tutorial.html" title="Drawing tutorial">Drawing tutorial</a> for a detailed description.
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</p><p>Вы закончили обучение основам <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Module/ru" title="Draft Module/ru">Модуля Draft</a>.
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</p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.8F_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F">Рекомендуемая информация</span></h2>
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<ul><li> Для детального описания верстака см. <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Module/ru" title="Draft Module/ru">Модуль Draft</a></li>
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<li> Подробнее об управлении <b>Привязками</b> см. <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_Snap/ru" title="Draft Snap/ru">Привязки Draft</a></li></ul>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div><div class="printfooter">
|
||
Online version: "<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_tutorial/ru&oldid=288858">http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Draft_tutorial/ru&oldid=288858</a>"</div>
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<div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"></div><div class="visualClear"></div>
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<h2>Navigation menu</h2>
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