882 lines
47 KiB
HTML
882 lines
47 KiB
HTML
<html><head><title>Topological data scripting/de</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><link type='text/css' href='wiki.css' rel='stylesheet'></head><body><h1>Topological data scripting/de</h1></div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="mw-content-text" lang="de" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><hr/>
|
|
<div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="fcinfobox wikitable ct" style="width: 230px; float: right; margin-left: 1em">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="ctTitle">
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tutorial"><a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Base_ExampleCommandModel.png" class="image"><img alt="Base ExampleCommandModel.png" src="32px-Base_ExampleCommandModel.png" width="32" height="30" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/9/93/Base_ExampleCommandModel.png/48px-Base_ExampleCommandModel.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/9/93/Base_ExampleCommandModel.png 2x" /></a> Tutorial</span></h3>
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="ctOdd">Thema
|
|
</th></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="ctEven">Programming
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="ctOdd">Niveau
|
|
</th></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="ctEven">Intermediate
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="ctOdd">Zeit zum Abschluss
|
|
</th></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="ctEven">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="ctOdd">Autor
|
|
</th></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="ctEven">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="ctOdd">FreeCAD version
|
|
</th></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="ctEven">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="ctOdd">Beispieldatei(en)
|
|
</th></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="ctEven">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="ctToc"><br /><div id="toc" class="toc"><div class="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Tutorial"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Tutorial</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Einleitung"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Einleitung</span></a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Klassen_Diagramm"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Klassen Diagramm</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Geometrie"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Geometrie</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Topologie"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Topologie</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Quick_example_:_Creating_simple_topology"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Quick example : Creating simple topology</span></a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Creating_Geometry"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Creating Geometry</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Arc"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Arc</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Line"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Line</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Putting_all_together"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Putting all together</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Make_a_prism"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Make a prism</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Show_it_all"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Show it all</span></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Creating_basic_shapes"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Creating basic shapes</span></a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Importing_the_needed_modules"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Importing the needed modules</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Creating_a_Vector"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Vector</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Creating_an_Edge"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Creating an Edge</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Putting_the_shape_on_screen"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Putting the shape on screen</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Creating_a_Wire"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Wire</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Creating_a_Face"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Face</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Creating_a_Circle"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Circle</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Creating_an_Arc_along_points"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Creating an Arc along points</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Creating_a_polygon"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a polygon</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Creating_a_Bezier_curve"><span class="tocnumber">3.10</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Bezier curve</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Creating_a_Plane"><span class="tocnumber">3.11</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Plane</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Creating_an_ellipse"><span class="tocnumber">3.12</span> <span class="toctext">Creating an ellipse</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Creating_a_Torus"><span class="tocnumber">3.13</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Torus</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Creating_a_box_or_cuboid"><span class="tocnumber">3.14</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a box or cuboid</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Creating_a_Sphere"><span class="tocnumber">3.15</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Sphere</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Creating_a_Cylinder"><span class="tocnumber">3.16</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Cylinder</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Creating_a_Cone"><span class="tocnumber">3.17</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Cone</span></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Modifying_shapes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Modifying shapes</span></a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Transform_operations"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Transform operations</span></a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Translating_a_shape"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Translating a shape</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Rotating_a_shape"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Rotating a shape</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#Generic_transformations_with_matrixes"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Generic transformations with matrixes</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Scaling_a_shape"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Scaling a shape</span></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Boolean_Operations"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Boolean Operations</span></a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Subtraction"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Subtraction</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#Intersection"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Intersection</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Union"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Union</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#Section"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Section</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="#Extrusion"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Extrusion</span></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#Exploring_shapes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Exploring shapes</span></a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Edge_analysis"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Edge analysis</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Using_the_selection"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Using the selection</span></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#Complete_example:_The_OCC_bottle"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Complete example: The OCC bottle</span></a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="#The_complete_script"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">The complete script</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#Detailed_explanation"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Detailed explanation</span></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#Box_pierced"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Box pierced</span></a></li>
|
|
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><a href="#Loading_and_Saving"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Loading and Saving</span></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</td></tr></table>
|
|
<p><br />
|
|
</p><p><br />
|
|
Diese Seite beschreibt verschiedene Methoden zur Erstellung und Änderung von <a href="Part_Module.html" title="Part Module">Part shapes (Formen)</a> mittels Python. Wenn noch keine Kenntnisse über Python vorhanden sind, ist es eine gute Idee zuerst die <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Introduction_to_Python/de" title="Introduction to Python/de">Einführung in Python</a> und <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=FreeCAD_Scripting_Basics/de" title="FreeCAD Scripting Basics/de">Wie Python scripting in FreeCAD funktioniert</a> zu lesen.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
|
|
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Einleitung">Einleitung</span></h2>
|
|
<p>Hier wird erläutert, wie man das <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part_Module/de" title="Part Module/de">Part Module/de</a> direkt im FreeCAD Python Interpreter, oder von einem beliebigen externem Skript aus benutzt. Die Grundlagen über die Programmierung der topologischen Daten sind im <a href="/wiki/Part_Module/de#Erl.C3.A4uterung_der_Konzepte" title="Part Module/de">Part Modul Erläuterung der Konzepte</a> beschrieben. Bei weiteren Fragen zur Funktionsweise von Python-Skripten in FreeCAD sollte man auch den <a href="Scripting.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripting">Scripting</a> Abschnitt und die <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=FreeCAD_Scripting_Basics/de" title="FreeCAD Scripting Basics/de">FreeCAD Scripting Basics/de</a> Seiten konsultieren.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Klassen_Diagramm">Klassen Diagramm</span></h3>
|
|
<p>Dies ist ein <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language">Unified Modeling Language (UML)</a> Überblick über die wesentlichen Klassen des Part Moduls:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Part_Classes.jpg" class="image" title="Python Klassen des Part-Moduls"><img alt="Python Klassen des Part-Moduls" src="Part_Classes.jpg" width="744" height="520" /></a></div></div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Geometrie">Geometrie</span></h3>
|
|
<p>Die geometrischen Objekte sind die Bausteine aller topologischen Objekte:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul><li> <b>Geom</b> Basis-Klasse der geometrischen Objekte</li>
|
|
<li> <b>Line</b> Eine gerade Linie im Raum, definiert durch den Start- und Endpunkt</li>
|
|
<li> <b>Circle</b> Kreis oder Kreissegment definiert durch einen Mittelpunkt und einen Start- und Endpunkt</li>
|
|
<li> <b>......</b> Und demnächst mehr davon</li></ul>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Topologie">Topologie</span></h3>
|
|
<p>The folgenden topologischen Datentypen stehen zur Verfügung:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul><li> <b>Compound</b> Eine Gruppe von beliebigen topologischen Objekten.</li>
|
|
<li> <b>Compsolid</b> Ein zusammengesetzter Körper (solid) ist ein Set von Körpern, die durch ihre Seiten verbunden sind. Dies erweitert das Konzept von WIRE and SHELL auf Körpern (solids).</li>
|
|
<li> <b>Solid</b> Ein Teil des Raumes, der durch eine geschlossene dreidimensionale Hülle begrenzt ist.</li>
|
|
<li> <b>Shell</b> Hülle = Ein Satz von über ihre Kanten verbundenen Flächen. Eine Hülle kann offen oder geschlossen sein.</li>
|
|
<li> <b>Face</b> Im zweidimensionalen ist es ein Teil einer Ebene; im dreidimensionalen ist es ein Teil einer Oberfläche. Die Form ist durch Konturen begrenzt (getrimmt). Auch im 3D gekrümmte Flächen haben sind Inneren zweidimensional parametriert.</li>
|
|
<li> <b>Wire</b> Ein Satz von über ihre Endpunkten verknüpften Kanten. Ein "Wire" kann eine offene oder geschlossene Form haben, je nach dem ob nicht verknüpfte Endpunkte vorhanden sind oder nicht.</li>
|
|
<li> <b>Edge</b> Ein topologisches Element (Kante) das mit einer beschränkten Kurve korrespondiert. Eine Kante ist generell durch Vertexe begrenzt. Eine Kante ist eindimensional.</li>
|
|
<li> <b>Vertex</b> Ein topologisches Element das mit einem Punkt korrespondiert. Es ist nulldimensional.</li>
|
|
<li> <b>Shape</b> Ein generischer Term für all die zuvor aufgezählten Elemente.</li></ul>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Quick_example_:_Creating_simple_topology">Quick example : Creating simple topology</span></h3>
|
|
<p><a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Wire.png" class="image" title="Wire"><img alt="Wire" src="Wire.png" width="260" height="137" /></a>
|
|
</p><p><br />
|
|
We will now create a topology by constructing it out of simpler geometry.
|
|
As a case study we use a part as seen in the picture which consists of
|
|
four vertexes, two circles and two lines.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_Geometry">Creating Geometry</span></h4>
|
|
<p>First we have to create the distinct geometric parts of this wire.
|
|
And we have to take care that the vertexes of the geometric parts
|
|
are at the <b>same</b> position. Otherwise later on we might not be
|
|
able to connect the geometric parts to a topology!
|
|
</p><p>So we create first the points:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>from FreeCAD import Base
|
|
V1 = Base.Vector(0,10,0)
|
|
V2 = Base.Vector(30,10,0)
|
|
V3 = Base.Vector(30,-10,0)
|
|
V4 = Base.Vector(0,-10,0) </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Arc">Arc</span></h4>
|
|
<p><a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Circel.png" class="image" title="Circle"><img alt="Circle" src="Circel.png" width="111" height="135" /></a>
|
|
</p><p><br />
|
|
To create an arc of circle we make a helper point and create the arc of
|
|
circle through three points:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>VC1 = Base.Vector(-10,0,0)
|
|
C1 = Part.Arc(V1,VC1,V4)
|
|
# and the second one
|
|
VC2 = Base.Vector(40,0,0)
|
|
C2 = Part.Arc(V2,VC2,V3) </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Line">Line</span></h4>
|
|
<p><a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Line.png" class="image" title="Line"><img alt="Line" src="Line.png" width="175" height="76" /></a>
|
|
</p><p><br />
|
|
The line segment can be created very simple out of the points:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>L1 = Part.LineSegment(V1,V2)
|
|
# and the second one
|
|
L2 = Part.LineSegment(V3,V4) </pre>
|
|
<p><i>Note: in FreeCAD 0.16 Part.Line was used, for FreeCAD 0.17 Part.LineSegment has to be used</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Putting_all_together">Putting all together</span></h4>
|
|
<p>The last step is to put the geometric base elements together
|
|
and bake a topological shape:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>S1 = Part.Shape([C1,L1,C2,L2]) </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Make_a_prism">Make a prism</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Now extrude the wire in a direction and make an actual 3D shape:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>W = Part.Wire(S1.Edges)
|
|
P = W.extrude(Base.Vector(0,0,10)) </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Show_it_all">Show it all</span></h4>
|
|
<pre>Part.show(P) </pre>
|
|
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_basic_shapes">Creating basic shapes</span></h2>
|
|
<p>You can easily create basic topological objects with the "make...()"
|
|
methods from the Part Module:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>b = Part.makeBox(100,100,100)
|
|
Part.show(b) </pre>
|
|
<p>A couple of other make...() methods available:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul><li> <b>makeBox(l,w,h)</b>: Makes a box located in p and pointing into the direction d with the dimensions (l,w,h)</li>
|
|
<li> <b>makeCircle(radius)</b>: Makes a circle with a given radius</li>
|
|
<li> <b>makeCone(radius1,radius2,height)</b>: Makes a cone with a given radii and height</li>
|
|
<li> <b>makeCylinder(radius,height)</b>: Makes a cylinder with a given radius and height.</li>
|
|
<li> <b>makeLine((x1,y1,z1),(x2,y2,z2))</b>: Makes a line of two points</li>
|
|
<li> <b>makePlane(length,width)</b>: Makes a plane with length and width</li>
|
|
<li> <b>makePolygon(list)</b>: Makes a polygon of a list of points</li>
|
|
<li> <b>makeSphere(radius)</b>: Make a sphere with a given radius</li>
|
|
<li> <b>makeTorus(radius1,radius2)</b>: Makes a torus with a given radii</li></ul>
|
|
<p>See the <a href="Part_API.html" title="Part API">Part API</a> page for a complete list of available methods of the Part module.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Importing_the_needed_modules">Importing the needed modules</span></h4>
|
|
<p>First we need to import the Part module so we can use its contents in python.
|
|
We'll also import the Base module from inside the FreeCAD module:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>import Part
|
|
from FreeCAD import Base </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Vector">Creating a Vector</span></h4>
|
|
<p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_vector">Vectors</a> are one of the most
|
|
important pieces of information when building shapes. They contain a 3 numbers
|
|
usually (but not necessarily always) the x, y and z cartesian coordinates. You
|
|
create a vector like this:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>myVector = Base.Vector(3,2,0) </pre>
|
|
<p>We just created a vector at coordinates x=3, y=2, z=0. In the Part module,
|
|
vectors are used everywhere. Part shapes also use another kind of point
|
|
representation, called Vertex, which is acually nothing else than a container
|
|
for a vector. You access the vector of a vertex like this:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>myVertex = myShape.Vertexes[0]
|
|
print myVertex.Point
|
|
> Vector (3, 2, 0) </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_an_Edge">Creating an Edge</span></h4>
|
|
<p>An edge is nothing but a line with two vertexes:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>edge = Part.makeLine((0,0,0), (10,0,0))
|
|
edge.Vertexes
|
|
> [<Vertex object at 01877430>, <Vertex object at 014888E0>] </pre>
|
|
<p>Note: You can also create an edge by passing two vectors:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>vec1 = Base.Vector(0,0,0)
|
|
vec2 = Base.Vector(10,0,0)
|
|
line = Part.LineSegment(vec1,vec2)
|
|
edge = line.toShape() </pre>
|
|
<p>You can find the length and center of an edge like this:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>edge.Length
|
|
> 10.0
|
|
edge.CenterOfMass
|
|
> Vector (5, 0, 0) </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Putting_the_shape_on_screen">Putting the shape on screen</span></h4>
|
|
<p>So far we created an edge object, but it doesn't appear anywhere on screen.
|
|
This is because we just manipulated python objects here. The FreeCAD 3D scene
|
|
only displays what you tell it to display. To do that, we use this simple
|
|
method:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>Part.show(edge) </pre>
|
|
<p>An object will be created in our FreeCAD document, and our "edge" shape
|
|
will be attributed to it. Use this whenever it's time to display your
|
|
creation on screen.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Wire">Creating a Wire</span></h4>
|
|
<p>A wire is a multi-edge line and can be created from a list of edges
|
|
or even a list of wires:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>edge1 = Part.makeLine((0,0,0), (10,0,0))
|
|
edge2 = Part.makeLine((10,0,0), (10,10,0))
|
|
wire1 = Part.Wire([edge1,edge2])
|
|
edge3 = Part.makeLine((10,10,0), (0,10,0))
|
|
edge4 = Part.makeLine((0,10,0), (0,0,0))
|
|
wire2 = Part.Wire([edge3,edge4])
|
|
wire3 = Part.Wire([wire1,wire2])
|
|
wire3.Edges
|
|
> [<Edge object at 016695F8>, <Edge object at 0197AED8>, <Edge object at 01828B20>, <Edge object at 0190A788>]
|
|
Part.show(wire3) </pre>
|
|
<p>Part.show(wire3) will display the 4 edges that compose our wire. Other
|
|
useful information can be easily retrieved:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>wire3.Length
|
|
> 40.0
|
|
wire3.CenterOfMass
|
|
> Vector (5, 5, 0)
|
|
wire3.isClosed()
|
|
> True
|
|
wire2.isClosed()
|
|
> False </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Face">Creating a Face</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Only faces created from closed wires will be valid. In this example, wire3
|
|
is a closed wire but wire2 is not a closed wire (see above)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>face = Part.Face(wire3)
|
|
face.Area
|
|
> 99.999999999999972
|
|
face.CenterOfMass
|
|
> Vector (5, 5, 0)
|
|
face.Length
|
|
> 40.0
|
|
face.isValid()
|
|
> True
|
|
sface = Part.Face(wire2)
|
|
face.isValid()
|
|
> False </pre>
|
|
<p>Only faces will have an area, not wires nor edges.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Circle">Creating a Circle</span></h4>
|
|
<p>A circle can be created as simply as this:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>circle = Part.makeCircle(10)
|
|
circle.Curve
|
|
> Circle (Radius : 10, Position : (0, 0, 0), Direction : (0, 0, 1)) </pre>
|
|
<p>If you want to create it at certain position and with certain direction:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>ccircle = Part.makeCircle(10, Base.Vector(10,0,0), Base.Vector(1,0,0))
|
|
ccircle.Curve
|
|
> Circle (Radius : 10, Position : (10, 0, 0), Direction : (1, 0, 0)) </pre>
|
|
<p>ccircle will be created at distance 10 from origin on x and will be facing
|
|
towards x axis. Note: makeCircle only accepts Base.Vector() for position
|
|
and normal but not tuples. You can also create part of the circle by giving
|
|
start angle and end angle as:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>from math import pi
|
|
arc1 = Part.makeCircle(10, Base.Vector(0,0,0), Base.Vector(0,0,1), 0, 180)
|
|
arc2 = Part.makeCircle(10, Base.Vector(0,0,0), Base.Vector(0,0,1), 180, 360) </pre>
|
|
<p>Both arc1 and arc2 jointly will make a circle. Angles should be provided in
|
|
degrees, if you have radians simply convert them using formula:
|
|
degrees = radians * 180/PI or using python's math module (after doing import
|
|
math, of course):
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>degrees = math.degrees(radians) </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_an_Arc_along_points">Creating an Arc along points</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Unfortunately there is no makeArc function but we have Part.Arc function to
|
|
create an arc along three points. Basically it can be supposed as an arc
|
|
joining start point and end point along the middle point. Part.Arc creates
|
|
an arc object on which .toShape() has to be called to get the edge object,
|
|
the same way as when using Part.LineSegment instead of Part.makeLine.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>arc = Part.Arc(Base.Vector(0,0,0),Base.Vector(0,5,0),Base.Vector(5,5,0))
|
|
arc
|
|
> <Arc object>
|
|
arc_edge = arc.toShape() </pre>
|
|
<p>Arc only accepts Base.Vector() for points but not tuples. arc_edge is what
|
|
we want which we can display using Part.show(arc_edge). You can also obtain
|
|
an arc by using a portion of a circle:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>from math import pi
|
|
circle = Part.Circle(Base.Vector(0,0,0),Base.Vector(0,0,1),10)
|
|
arc = Part.Arc(c,0,pi) </pre>
|
|
<p>Arcs are valid edges, like lines. So they can be used in wires too.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_polygon">Creating a polygon</span></h4>
|
|
<p>A polygon is simply a wire with multiple straight edges. The makePolygon
|
|
function takes a list of points and creates a wire along those points:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>lshape_wire = Part.makePolygon([Base.Vector(0,5,0),Base.Vector(0,0,0),Base.Vector(5,0,0)]) </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Bezier_curve">Creating a Bezier curve</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Bézier curves are used to model smooth curves using a series of poles (points) and optional weights. The function below makes a Part.BezierCurve from a series of FreeCAD.Vector points. (Note: when "getting" and "setting" a single pole or weight indices start at 1, not 0.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>def makeBCurveEdge(Points):
|
|
geomCurve = Part.BezierCurve()
|
|
geomCurve.setPoles(Points)
|
|
edge = Part.Edge(geomCurve)
|
|
return(edge) </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Plane">Creating a Plane</span></h4>
|
|
<p>A Plane is simply a flat rectangular surface. The method used to create one is
|
|
this: <b>makePlane(length,width,[start_pnt,dir_normal])</b>. By default
|
|
start_pnt = Vector(0,0,0) and dir_normal = Vector(0,0,1). Using dir_normal = Vector(0,0,1)
|
|
will create the plane facing z axis, while dir_normal = Vector(1,0,0) will create the
|
|
plane facing x axis:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>plane = Part.makePlane(2,2)
|
|
plane
|
|
><Face object at 028AF990>
|
|
plane = Part.makePlane(2,2, Base.Vector(3,0,0), Base.Vector(0,1,0))
|
|
plane.BoundBox
|
|
> BoundBox (3, 0, 0, 5, 0, 2) </pre>
|
|
<p>BoundBox is a cuboid enclosing the plane with a diagonal starting at
|
|
(3,0,0) and ending at (5,0,2). Here the BoundBox thickness in y axis is zero,
|
|
since our shape is totally flat.
|
|
</p><p>Note: makePlane only accepts Base.Vector() for start_pnt and dir_normal but not tuples
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_an_ellipse">Creating an ellipse</span></h4>
|
|
<p>To create an ellipse there are several ways:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>Part.Ellipse() </pre>
|
|
<p>Creates an ellipse with major radius 2 and minor radius 1 with the center in (0,0,0)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>Part.Ellipse(Ellipse) </pre>
|
|
<p>Create a copy of the given ellipse
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>Part.Ellipse(S1,S2,Center) </pre>
|
|
<p>Creates an ellipse centered on the point Center, where the plane of the
|
|
ellipse is defined by Center, S1 and S2, its major axis is defined by
|
|
Center and S1, its major radius is the distance between Center and S1,
|
|
and its minor radius is the distance between S2 and the major axis.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>Part.Ellipse(Center,MajorRadius,MinorRadius) </pre>
|
|
<p>Creates an ellipse with major and minor radii MajorRadius and MinorRadius,
|
|
and located in the plane defined by Center and the normal (0,0,1)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>eli = Part.Ellipse(Base.Vector(10,0,0),Base.Vector(0,5,0),Base.Vector(0,0,0))
|
|
Part.show(eli.toShape()) </pre>
|
|
<p>In the above code we have passed S1, S2 and center. Similarly to Arc,
|
|
Ellipse also creates an ellipse object but not edge, so we need to
|
|
convert it into edge using toShape() to display.
|
|
</p><p>Note: Arc only accepts Base.Vector() for points but not tuples
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>eli = Part.Ellipse(Base.Vector(0,0,0),10,5)
|
|
Part.show(eli.toShape()) </pre>
|
|
<p>for the above Ellipse constructor we have passed center, MajorRadius and MinorRadius
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Torus">Creating a Torus</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Using the method <b>makeTorus(radius1,radius2,[pnt,dir,angle1,angle2,angle])</b>. By
|
|
default pnt=Vector(0,0,0),dir=Vector(0,0,1),angle1=0,angle2=360 and angle=360.
|
|
Consider a torus as small circle sweeping along a big circle. Radius1 is the
|
|
radius of big cirlce, radius2 is the radius of small circle, pnt is the center
|
|
of torus and dir is the normal direction. angle1 and angle2 are angles in
|
|
radians for the small circle, the last parameter angle is to make a section of
|
|
the torus:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>torus = Part.makeTorus(10, 2) </pre>
|
|
<p>The above code will create a torus with diameter 20(radius 10) and thickness 4
|
|
(small cirlce radius 2)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>tor=Part.makeTorus(10,5,Base.Vector(0,0,0),Base.Vector(0,0,1),0,180) </pre>
|
|
<p>The above code will create a slice of the torus
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>tor=Part.makeTorus(10,5,Base.Vector(0,0,0),Base.Vector(0,0,1),0,360,180) </pre>
|
|
<p>The above code will create a semi torus, only the last parameter is changed
|
|
i.e the angle and remaining angles are defaults. Giving the angle 180 will
|
|
create the torus from 0 to 180, that is, a half torus.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_box_or_cuboid">Creating a box or cuboid</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Using <b>makeBox(length,width,height,[pnt,dir])</b>.
|
|
By default pnt=Vector(0,0,0) and dir=Vector(0,0,1)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>box = Part.makeBox(10,10,10)
|
|
len(box.Vertexes)
|
|
> 8 </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Sphere">Creating a Sphere</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Using <b>makeSphere(radius,[pnt, dir, angle1,angle2,angle3])</b>. By default
|
|
pnt=Vector(0,0,0), dir=Vector(0,0,1), angle1=-90, angle2=90 and angle3=360.
|
|
angle1 and angle2 are the vertical minimum and maximum of the sphere, angle3
|
|
is the sphere diameter itself.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>sphere = Part.makeSphere(10)
|
|
hemisphere = Part.makeSphere(10,Base.Vector(0,0,0),Base.Vector(0,0,1),-90,90,180) </pre>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Cylinder">Creating a Cylinder</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Using <b>makeCylinder(radius,height,[pnt,dir,angle])</b>. By default
|
|
pnt=Vector(0,0,0),dir=Vector(0,0,1) and angle=360
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>cylinder = Part.makeCylinder(5,20)
|
|
partCylinder = Part.makeCylinder(5,20,Base.Vector(20,0,0),Base.Vector(0,0,1),180)</pre></div>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Cone">Creating a Cone</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Using <b>makeCone(radius1,radius2,height,[pnt,dir,angle])</b>. By default
|
|
pnt=Vector(0,0,0), dir=Vector(0,0,1) and angle=360
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>cone = Part.makeCone(10,0,20)
|
|
semicone = Part.makeCone(10,0,20,Base.Vector(20,0,0),Base.Vector(0,0,1),180)</pre></div>
|
|
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Modifying_shapes">Modifying shapes</span></h2>
|
|
<p>There are several ways to modify shapes. Some are simple transformation operations
|
|
such as moving or rotating shapes, other are more complex, such as unioning and
|
|
subtracting one shape from another. Be aware that
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transform_operations">Transform operations</span></h3>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Translating_a_shape">Translating a shape</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Translating is the act of moving a shape from one place to another.
|
|
Any shape (edge, face, cube, etc...) can be translated the same way:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>myShape = Part.makeBox(2,2,2)
|
|
myShape.translate(Base.Vector(2,0,0))</pre></div>
|
|
<p>This will move our shape "myShape" 2 units in the x direction.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Rotating_a_shape">Rotating a shape</span></h4>
|
|
<p>To rotate a shape, you need to specify the rotation center, the axis,
|
|
and the rotation angle:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>myShape.rotate(Vector(0,0,0),Vector(0,0,1),180)</pre></div>
|
|
<p>The above code will rotate the shape 180 degrees around the Z Axis.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Generic_transformations_with_matrixes">Generic transformations with matrixes</span></h4>
|
|
<p>A matrix is a very convenient way to store transformations in the 3D
|
|
world. In a single matrix, you can set translation, rotation and scaling
|
|
values to be applied to an object. For example:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>myMat = Base.Matrix()
|
|
myMat.move(Base.Vector(2,0,0))
|
|
myMat.rotateZ(math.pi/2)</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Note: FreeCAD matrixes work in radians. Also, almost all matrix operations
|
|
that take a vector can also take 3 numbers, so those 2 lines do the same thing:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>myMat.move(2,0,0)
|
|
myMat.move(Base.Vector(2,0,0))</pre></div>
|
|
<p>When our matrix is set, we can apply it to our shape. FreeCAD provides 2
|
|
methods to do that: transformShape() and transformGeometry(). The difference
|
|
is that with the first one, you are sure that no deformations will occur (see
|
|
"scaling a shape" below). So we can apply our transformation like this:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> myShape.trasformShape(myMat)</pre></div>
|
|
<p>or
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>myShape.transformGeometry(myMat)</pre></div>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Scaling_a_shape">Scaling a shape</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Scaling a shape is a more dangerous operation because, unlike translation
|
|
or rotation, scaling non-uniformly (with different values for x, y and z)
|
|
can modify the structure of the shape. For example, scaling a circle with
|
|
a higher value horizontally than vertically will transform it into an
|
|
ellipse, which behaves mathematically very differently. For scaling, we
|
|
can't use the transformShape, we must use transformGeometry():
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>myMat = Base.Matrix()
|
|
myMat.scale(2,1,1)
|
|
myShape=myShape.transformGeometry(myMat)</pre></div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Boolean_Operations">Boolean Operations</span></h3>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Subtraction">Subtraction</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Subtracting a shape from another one is called "cut" in OCC/FreeCAD jargon
|
|
and is done like this:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>cylinder = Part.makeCylinder(3,10,Base.Vector(0,0,0),Base.Vector(1,0,0))
|
|
sphere = Part.makeSphere(5,Base.Vector(5,0,0))
|
|
diff = cylinder.cut(sphere)</pre></div>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Intersection">Intersection</span></h4>
|
|
<p>The same way, the intersection between 2 shapes is called "common" and is done
|
|
this way:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>cylinder1 = Part.makeCylinder(3,10,Base.Vector(0,0,0),Base.Vector(1,0,0))
|
|
cylinder2 = Part.makeCylinder(3,10,Base.Vector(5,0,-5),Base.Vector(0,0,1))
|
|
common = cylinder1.common(cylinder2)</pre></div>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Union">Union</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Union is called "fuse" and works the same way:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>cylinder1 = Part.makeCylinder(3,10,Base.Vector(0,0,0),Base.Vector(1,0,0))
|
|
cylinder2 = Part.makeCylinder(3,10,Base.Vector(5,0,-5),Base.Vector(0,0,1))
|
|
fuse = cylinder1.fuse(cylinder2)</pre></div>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Section">Section</span></h4>
|
|
<p>A Section is the intersection between a solid shape and a plane shape.
|
|
It will return an intersection curve, a compound with edges
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>cylinder1 = Part.makeCylinder(3,10,Base.Vector(0,0,0),Base.Vector(1,0,0))
|
|
cylinder2 = Part.makeCylinder(3,10,Base.Vector(5,0,-5),Base.Vector(0,0,1))
|
|
section = cylinder1.section(cylinder2)
|
|
section.Wires
|
|
> []
|
|
section.Edges
|
|
> [<Edge object at 0D87CFE8>, <Edge object at 019564F8>, <Edge object at 0D998458>,
|
|
<Edge object at 0D86DE18>, <Edge object at 0D9B8E80>, <Edge object at 012A3640>,
|
|
<Edge object at 0D8F4BB0>]</pre></div>
|
|
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Extrusion">Extrusion</span></h4>
|
|
<p>Extrusion is the act of "pushing" a flat shape in a certain direction resulting in
|
|
a solid body. Think of a circle becoming a tube by "pushing it out":
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>circle = Part.makeCircle(10)
|
|
tube = circle.extrude(Base.Vector(0,0,2))</pre></div>
|
|
<p>If your circle is hollow, you will obtain a hollow tube. If your circle is actually
|
|
a disc, with a filled face, you will obtain a solid cylinder:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>wire = Part.Wire(circle)
|
|
disc = Part.Face(wire)
|
|
cylinder = disc.extrude(Base.Vector(0,0,2))</pre></div>
|
|
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Exploring_shapes">Exploring shapes</span></h2>
|
|
<p>You can easily explore the topological data structure:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import Part
|
|
b = Part.makeBox(100,100,100)
|
|
b.Wires
|
|
w = b.Wires[0]
|
|
w
|
|
w.Wires
|
|
w.Vertexes
|
|
Part.show(w)
|
|
w.Edges
|
|
e = w.Edges[0]
|
|
e.Vertexes
|
|
v = e.Vertexes[0]
|
|
v.Point</pre></div>
|
|
<p>By typing the lines above in the python interpreter, you will gain a good
|
|
understanding of the structure of Part objects. Here, our makeBox() command
|
|
created a solid shape. This solid, like all Part solids, contains faces.
|
|
Faces always contain wires, which are lists of edges that border the face.
|
|
Each face has at least one closed wire (it can have more if the face has a hole).
|
|
In the wire, we can look at each edge separately, and inside each edge, we can
|
|
see the vertexes. Straight edges have only two vertexes, obviously.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Edge_analysis">Edge analysis</span></h3>
|
|
<p>In case of an edge, which is an arbitrary curve, it's most likely you want to
|
|
do a discretization. In FreeCAD the edges are parametrized by their lengths.
|
|
That means you can walk an edge/curve by its length:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import Part
|
|
box = Part.makeBox(100,100,100)
|
|
anEdge = box.Edges[0]
|
|
print anEdge.Length</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Now you can access a lot of properties of the edge by using the length as a
|
|
position. That means if the edge is 100mm long the start position is 0 and
|
|
the end position 100.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>anEdge.tangentAt(0.0) # tangent direction at the beginning
|
|
anEdge.valueAt(0.0) # Point at the beginning
|
|
anEdge.valueAt(100.0) # Point at the end of the edge
|
|
anEdge.derivative1At(50.0) # first derivative of the curve in the middle
|
|
anEdge.derivative2At(50.0) # second derivative of the curve in the middle
|
|
anEdge.derivative3At(50.0) # third derivative of the curve in the middle
|
|
anEdge.centerOfCurvatureAt(50) # center of the curvature for that position
|
|
anEdge.curvatureAt(50.0) # the curvature
|
|
anEdge.normalAt(50) # normal vector at that position (if defined)</pre></div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Using_the_selection">Using the selection</span></h3>
|
|
<p>Here we see now how we can use the selection the user did in the viewer.
|
|
First of all we create a box and shows it in the viewer
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import Part
|
|
Part.show(Part.makeBox(100,100,100))
|
|
Gui.SendMsgToActiveView("ViewFit")</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Select now some faces or edges. With this script you can
|
|
iterate all selected objects and their sub elements:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>for o in Gui.Selection.getSelectionEx():
|
|
print o.ObjectName
|
|
for s in o.SubElementNames:
|
|
print "name: ",s
|
|
for s in o.SubObjects:
|
|
print "object: ",s</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Select some edges and this script will calculate the length:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>length = 0.0
|
|
for o in Gui.Selection.getSelectionEx():
|
|
for s in o.SubObjects:
|
|
length += s.Length
|
|
print "Length of the selected edges:" ,length</pre></div>
|
|
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Complete_example:_The_OCC_bottle">Complete example: The OCC bottle</span></h2>
|
|
<p>A typical example found in the
|
|
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opencascade.com/doc/occt-6.9.0/overview/html/occt__tutorial.html#sec1">OpenCasCade Technology Tutorial</a>
|
|
is how to build a bottle. This is a good exercise for FreeCAD too. In fact,
|
|
you can follow our example below and the OCC page simultaneously, you will
|
|
understand well how OCC structures are implemented in FreeCAD. The complete script
|
|
below is also included in FreeCAD installation (inside the Mod/Part folder) and
|
|
can be called from the python interpreter by typing:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import Part
|
|
import MakeBottle
|
|
bottle = MakeBottle.makeBottle()
|
|
Part.show(bottle)</pre></div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_complete_script">The complete script</span></h3>
|
|
<p>Here is the complete MakeBottle script:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import Part, FreeCAD, math
|
|
from FreeCAD import Base
|
|
|
|
def makeBottle(myWidth=50.0, myHeight=70.0, myThickness=30.0):
|
|
aPnt1=Base.Vector(-myWidth/2.,0,0)
|
|
aPnt2=Base.Vector(-myWidth/2.,-myThickness/4.,0)
|
|
aPnt3=Base.Vector(0,-myThickness/2.,0)
|
|
aPnt4=Base.Vector(myWidth/2.,-myThickness/4.,0)
|
|
aPnt5=Base.Vector(myWidth/2.,0,0)
|
|
|
|
aArcOfCircle = Part.Arc(aPnt2,aPnt3,aPnt4)
|
|
aSegment1=Part.LineSegment(aPnt1,aPnt2)
|
|
aSegment2=Part.LineSegment(aPnt4,aPnt5)
|
|
aEdge1=aSegment1.toShape()
|
|
aEdge2=aArcOfCircle.toShape()
|
|
aEdge3=aSegment2.toShape()
|
|
aWire=Part.Wire([aEdge1,aEdge2,aEdge3])
|
|
|
|
aTrsf=Base.Matrix()
|
|
aTrsf.rotateZ(math.pi) # rotate around the z-axis
|
|
|
|
aMirroredWire=aWire.transformGeometry(aTrsf)
|
|
myWireProfile=Part.Wire([aWire,aMirroredWire])
|
|
myFaceProfile=Part.Face(myWireProfile)
|
|
aPrismVec=Base.Vector(0,0,myHeight)
|
|
myBody=myFaceProfile.extrude(aPrismVec)
|
|
myBody=myBody.makeFillet(myThickness/12.0,myBody.Edges)
|
|
neckLocation=Base.Vector(0,0,myHeight)
|
|
neckNormal=Base.Vector(0,0,1)
|
|
myNeckRadius = myThickness / 4.
|
|
myNeckHeight = myHeight / 10
|
|
myNeck = Part.makeCylinder(myNeckRadius,myNeckHeight,neckLocation,neckNormal)
|
|
myBody = myBody.fuse(myNeck)
|
|
|
|
faceToRemove = 0
|
|
zMax = -1.0
|
|
|
|
for xp in myBody.Faces:
|
|
try:
|
|
surf = xp.Surface
|
|
if type(surf) == Part.Plane:
|
|
z = surf.Position.z
|
|
if z > zMax:
|
|
zMax = z
|
|
faceToRemove = xp
|
|
except:
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
myBody = myBody.makeFillet(myThickness/12.0,myBody.Edges)
|
|
|
|
return myBody
|
|
|
|
el = makeBottle()
|
|
Part.show(el)</pre></div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Detailed_explanation">Detailed explanation</span></h3>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import Part, FreeCAD, math
|
|
from FreeCAD import Base</pre></div>
|
|
<p>We will need,of course, the Part module, but also the FreeCAD.Base module,
|
|
which contains basic FreeCAD structures like vectors and matrixes.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>def makeBottle(myWidth=50.0, myHeight=70.0, myThickness=30.0):
|
|
aPnt1=Base.Vector(-myWidth/2.,0,0)
|
|
aPnt2=Base.Vector(-myWidth/2.,-myThickness/4.,0)
|
|
aPnt3=Base.Vector(0,-myThickness/2.,0)
|
|
aPnt4=Base.Vector(myWidth/2.,-myThickness/4.,0)
|
|
aPnt5=Base.Vector(myWidth/2.,0,0)</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Here we define our makeBottle function. This function can be called without
|
|
arguments, like we did above, in which case default values for width, height,
|
|
and thickness will be used. Then, we define a couple of points that will be used
|
|
for building our base profile.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> aArcOfCircle = Part.Arc(aPnt2,aPnt3,aPnt4)
|
|
aSegment1=Part.LineSegment(aPnt1,aPnt2)
|
|
aSegment2=Part.LineSegment(aPnt4,aPnt5)</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Here we actually define the geometry: an arc, made of 3 points, and two
|
|
line segments, made of 2 points.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> aEdge1=aSegment1.toShape()
|
|
aEdge2=aArcOfCircle.toShape()
|
|
aEdge3=aSegment2.toShape()
|
|
aWire=Part.Wire([aEdge1,aEdge2,aEdge3])</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Remember the difference between geometry and shapes? Here we build
|
|
shapes out of our construction geometry. 3 edges (edges can be straight
|
|
or curved), then a wire made of those three edges.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> aTrsf=Base.Matrix()
|
|
aTrsf.rotateZ(math.pi) # rotate around the z-axis
|
|
aMirroredWire=aWire.transformGeometry(aTrsf)
|
|
myWireProfile=Part.Wire([aWire,aMirroredWire])</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Until now we built only a half profile. Easier than building the whole profile
|
|
the same way, we can just mirror what we did, and glue both halfs together.
|
|
So we first create a matrix. A matrix is a very common way to apply transformations
|
|
to objects in the 3D world, since it can contain in one structure all basic
|
|
transformations that 3D objects can suffer (move, rotate and scale). Here,
|
|
after we create the matrix, we mirror it, and we create a copy of our wire
|
|
with that transformation matrix applied to it. We now have two wires, and
|
|
we can make a third wire out of them, since wires are actually lists of edges.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> myFaceProfile=Part.Face(myWireProfile)
|
|
aPrismVec=Base.Vector(0,0,myHeight)
|
|
myBody=myFaceProfile.extrude(aPrismVec)
|
|
myBody=myBody.makeFillet(myThickness/12.0,myBody.Edges)</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Now that we have a closed wire, it can be turned into a face. Once we have a face,
|
|
we can extrude it. Doing so, we actually made a solid. Then we apply a nice little
|
|
fillet to our object because we care about good design, don't we?
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> neckLocation=Base.Vector(0,0,myHeight)
|
|
neckNormal=Base.Vector(0,0,1)
|
|
myNeckRadius = myThickness / 4.
|
|
myNeckHeight = myHeight / 10
|
|
myNeck = Part.makeCylinder(myNeckRadius,myNeckHeight,neckLocation,neckNormal)</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Then, the body of our bottle is made, we still need to create a neck. So we
|
|
make a new solid, with a cylinder.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> myBody = myBody.fuse(myNeck)</pre></div>
|
|
<p>The fuse operation, which in other apps is sometimes called union, is very
|
|
powerful. It will take care of gluing what needs to be glued and remove parts that
|
|
need to be removed.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> return myBody</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Then, we return our Part solid as the result of our function.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>el = makeBottle()
|
|
Part.show(el)</pre></div>
|
|
<p>At the end we call the definite function and make the part visible.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Box_pierced">Box pierced</span></h2>
|
|
<p>Here a complete example of building a box pierced.
|
|
</p><p>The construction is done side by side and when the cube is finished, it is hollowed out of a cylinder through.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import Draft, Part, FreeCAD, math, PartGui, FreeCADGui, PyQt4
|
|
from math import sqrt, pi, sin, cos, asin
|
|
from FreeCAD import Base
|
|
|
|
size = 10
|
|
poly = Part.makePolygon( [ (0,0,0), (size, 0, 0), (size, 0, size), (0, 0, size), (0, 0, 0)])
|
|
|
|
face1 = Part.Face(poly)
|
|
face2 = Part.Face(poly)
|
|
face3 = Part.Face(poly)
|
|
face4 = Part.Face(poly)
|
|
face5 = Part.Face(poly)
|
|
face6 = Part.Face(poly)
|
|
|
|
myMat = FreeCAD.Matrix()
|
|
myMat.rotateZ(math.pi/2)
|
|
face2.transformShape(myMat)
|
|
face2.translate(FreeCAD.Vector(size, 0, 0))
|
|
|
|
myMat.rotateZ(math.pi/2)
|
|
face3.transformShape(myMat)
|
|
face3.translate(FreeCAD.Vector(size, size, 0))
|
|
|
|
myMat.rotateZ(math.pi/2)
|
|
face4.transformShape(myMat)
|
|
face4.translate(FreeCAD.Vector(0, size, 0))
|
|
|
|
myMat = FreeCAD.Matrix()
|
|
myMat.rotateX(-math.pi/2)
|
|
face5.transformShape(myMat)
|
|
|
|
face6.transformShape(myMat)
|
|
face6.translate(FreeCAD.Vector(0,0,size))
|
|
|
|
myShell = Part.makeShell([face1,face2,face3,face4,face5,face6])
|
|
|
|
mySolid = Part.makeSolid(myShell)
|
|
mySolidRev = mySolid.copy()
|
|
mySolidRev.reverse()
|
|
|
|
myCyl = Part.makeCylinder(2,20)
|
|
myCyl.translate(FreeCAD.Vector(size/2, size/2, 0))
|
|
|
|
cut_part = mySolidRev.cut(myCyl)
|
|
|
|
Part.show(cut_part)</pre></div>
|
|
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Loading_and_Saving">Loading and Saving</span></h2>
|
|
<p>There are several ways to save your work in the Part module. You can
|
|
of course save your FreeCAD document, but you can also save Part
|
|
objects directly to common CAD formats, such as BREP, IGS, STEP and STL.
|
|
</p><p>Saving a shape to a file is easy. There are exportBrep(), exportIges(),
|
|
exportStl() and exportStep() methods availables for all shape objects.
|
|
So, doing:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import Part
|
|
s = Part.makeBox(0,0,0,10,10,10)
|
|
s.exportStep("test.stp")</pre></div>
|
|
<p>this will save our box into a STEP file. To load a BREP,
|
|
IGES or STEP file, simply do the contrary:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import Part
|
|
s = Part.Shape()
|
|
s.read("test.stp")</pre></div>
|
|
<p>To convert an <b>.stp</b> in <b>.igs</b> file simply :
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> import Part
|
|
s = Part.Shape()
|
|
s.read("file.stp") # incoming file igs, stp, stl, brep
|
|
s.exportIges("file.igs") # outbound file igs</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Note that importing or opening BREP, IGES or STEP files can also be done
|
|
directly from the File -> Open or File -> Import menu, while exporting
|
|
is with File -> Export
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><br />
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div style="clear:both"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div><div class="printfooter">
|
|
Online version: "<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Topological_data_scripting/de&oldid=289249">http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Topological_data_scripting/de&oldid=289249</a>"</div>
|
|
<div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"></div><div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="mw-navigation">
|
|
<h2>Navigation menu</h2>
|
|
|
|
</body></html> |