cadquery-freecad-module/CadQuery/Libs/pint/unit.py

1397 lines
49 KiB
Python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
pint.unit
~~~~~~~~~
Functions and classes related to unit definitions and conversions.
:copyright: 2013 by Pint Authors, see AUTHORS for more details.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from __future__ import division, unicode_literals, print_function, absolute_import
import os
import copy
import math
import itertools
import functools
import pkg_resources
from decimal import Decimal
from contextlib import contextmanager, closing
from io import open, StringIO
from numbers import Number
from collections import defaultdict
from tokenize import untokenize, NUMBER, STRING, NAME, OP
from .context import Context, ContextChain, _freeze
from .util import (logger, pi_theorem, solve_dependencies, ParserHelper,
string_preprocessor, find_connected_nodes, find_shortest_path)
from .compat import tokenizer, string_types, NUMERIC_TYPES, TransformDict
from .formatting import format_unit
class DefinitionSyntaxError(ValueError):
"""Raised when a textual definition has a syntax error.
"""
def __init__(self, msg, filename=None, lineno=None):
super(ValueError, self).__init__()
self.msg = msg
self.filename = None
self.lineno = None
def __str__(self):
return "While opening {0}, in line {1}: ".format(self.filename, self.lineno) + self.msg
class RedefinitionError(ValueError):
"""Raised when a unit or prefix is redefined.
"""
def __init__(self, name, definition_type):
super(ValueError, self).__init__()
self.name = name
self.definition_type = definition_type
self.filename = None
self.lineno = None
def __str__(self):
msg = "cannot redefine '{0}' ({1})".format(self.name, self.definition_type)
if self.filename:
return "While opening {0}, in line {1}: ".format(self.filename, self.lineno) + msg
return msg
class UndefinedUnitError(ValueError):
"""Raised when the units are not defined in the unit registry.
"""
def __init__(self, unit_names):
super(ValueError, self).__init__()
self.unit_names = unit_names
def __str__(self):
if isinstance(self.unit_names, string_types):
return "'{0}' is not defined in the unit registry".format(self.unit_names)
elif isinstance(self.unit_names, (list, tuple)) and len(self.unit_names) == 1:
return "'{0}' is not defined in the unit registry".format(self.unit_names[0])
elif isinstance(self.unit_names, set) and len(self.unit_names) == 1:
uname = list(self.unit_names)[0]
return "'{0}' is not defined in the unit registry".format(uname)
else:
return '{0} are not defined in the unit registry'.format(self.unit_names)
class DimensionalityError(ValueError):
"""Raised when trying to convert between incompatible units.
"""
def __init__(self, units1, units2, dim1=None, dim2=None, extra_msg=''):
super(DimensionalityError, self).__init__()
self.units1 = units1
self.units2 = units2
self.dim1 = dim1
self.dim2 = dim2
self.extra_msg = extra_msg
def __str__(self):
if self.dim1 or self.dim2:
dim1 = ' ({0})'.format(self.dim1)
dim2 = ' ({0})'.format(self.dim2)
else:
dim1 = ''
dim2 = ''
msg = "Cannot convert from '{0}'{1} to '{2}'{3}" + self.extra_msg
return msg.format(self.units1, dim1, self.units2, dim2)
class OffsetUnitCalculusError(ValueError):
"""Raised on ambiguous operations with offset units.
"""
def __init__(self, units1, units2='', extra_msg=''):
super(ValueError, self).__init__()
self.units1 = units1
self.units2 = units2
self.extra_msg = extra_msg
def __str__(self):
msg = ("Ambiguous operation with offset unit (%s)." %
', '.join(['%s' % u for u in [self.units1, self.units2] if u])
+ self.extra_msg)
return msg.format(self.units1, self.units2)
class Converter(object):
"""Base class for value converters.
"""
is_multiplicative = True
def to_reference(self, value, inplace=False):
return value
def from_reference(self, value, inplace=False):
return value
class ScaleConverter(Converter):
"""A linear transformation
"""
is_multiplicative = True
def __init__(self, scale):
self.scale = scale
def to_reference(self, value, inplace=False):
if inplace:
value *= self.scale
else:
value = value * self.scale
return value
def from_reference(self, value, inplace=False):
if inplace:
value /= self.scale
else:
value = value / self.scale
return value
class OffsetConverter(Converter):
"""An affine transformation
"""
def __init__(self, scale, offset):
self.scale = scale
self.offset = offset
@property
def is_multiplicative(self):
return self.offset == 0
def to_reference(self, value, inplace=False):
if inplace:
value *= self.scale
value += self.offset
else:
value = value * self.scale + self.offset
return value
def from_reference(self, value, inplace=False):
if inplace:
value -= self.offset
value /= self.scale
else:
value = (value - self.offset) / self.scale
return value
class Definition(object):
"""Base class for definitions.
:param name: name.
:param symbol: a short name or symbol for the definition
:param aliases: iterable of other names.
:param converter: an instance of Converter.
"""
def __init__(self, name, symbol, aliases, converter):
self._name = name
self._symbol = symbol
self._aliases = aliases
self._converter = converter
@property
def is_multiplicative(self):
return self._converter.is_multiplicative
@classmethod
def from_string(cls, definition):
"""Parse a definition
"""
name, definition = definition.split('=', 1)
name = name.strip()
result = [res.strip() for res in definition.split('=')]
value, aliases = result[0], tuple(result[1:])
symbol, aliases = (aliases[0], aliases[1:]) if aliases else (None, aliases)
if name.startswith('['):
return DimensionDefinition(name, symbol, aliases, value)
elif name.endswith('-'):
name = name.rstrip('-')
return PrefixDefinition(name, symbol, aliases, value)
else:
return UnitDefinition(name, symbol, aliases, value)
@property
def name(self):
return self._name
@property
def symbol(self):
return self._symbol or self._name
@property
def has_symbol(self):
return bool(self._symbol)
@property
def aliases(self):
return self._aliases
@property
def converter(self):
return self._converter
def __str__(self):
return self.name
def _is_dim(name):
return name[0] == '[' and name[-1] == ']'
class PrefixDefinition(Definition):
"""Definition of a prefix.
"""
def __init__(self, name, symbol, aliases, converter):
if isinstance(converter, string_types):
converter = ScaleConverter(eval(converter))
aliases = tuple(alias.strip('-') for alias in aliases)
if symbol:
symbol = symbol.strip('-')
super(PrefixDefinition, self).__init__(name, symbol, aliases, converter)
class UnitDefinition(Definition):
"""Definition of a unit.
:param reference: Units container with reference units.
:param is_base: indicates if it is a base unit.
"""
def __init__(self, name, symbol, aliases, converter,
reference=None, is_base=False):
self.reference = reference
self.is_base = is_base
if isinstance(converter, string_types):
if ';' in converter:
[converter, modifiers] = converter.split(';', 2)
modifiers = dict((key.strip(), eval(value)) for key, value in
(part.split(':') for part in modifiers.split(';')))
else:
modifiers = {}
converter = ParserHelper.from_string(converter)
if all(_is_dim(key) for key in converter.keys()):
self.is_base = True
elif not any(_is_dim(key) for key in converter.keys()):
self.is_base = False
else:
raise ValueError('Cannot mix dimensions and units in the same definition. '
'Base units must be referenced only to dimensions. '
'Derived units must be referenced only to units.')
self.reference = UnitsContainer(converter.items())
if modifiers.get('offset', 0.) != 0.:
converter = OffsetConverter(converter.scale, modifiers['offset'])
else:
converter = ScaleConverter(converter.scale)
super(UnitDefinition, self).__init__(name, symbol, aliases, converter)
class DimensionDefinition(Definition):
"""Definition of a dimension.
"""
def __init__(self, name, symbol, aliases, converter,
reference=None, is_base=False):
self.reference = reference
self.is_base = is_base
if isinstance(converter, string_types):
converter = ParserHelper.from_string(converter)
if not converter:
self.is_base = True
elif all(_is_dim(key) for key in converter.keys()):
self.is_base = False
else:
raise ValueError('Base dimensions must be referenced to None. '
'Derived dimensions must only be referenced to dimensions.')
self.reference = UnitsContainer(converter.items())
super(DimensionDefinition, self).__init__(name, symbol, aliases, converter=None)
class UnitsContainer(dict):
"""The UnitsContainer stores the product of units and their respective
exponent and implements the corresponding operations
"""
__slots__ = ()
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
dict.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
for key, value in self.items():
if not isinstance(key, string_types):
raise TypeError('key must be a str, not {0}'.format(type(key)))
if not isinstance(value, Number):
raise TypeError('value must be a number, not {0}'.format(type(value)))
if not isinstance(value, float):
self[key] = float(value)
def __missing__(self, key):
return 0.0
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if not isinstance(key, string_types):
raise TypeError('key must be a str, not {0}'.format(type(key)))
if not isinstance(value, NUMERIC_TYPES):
raise TypeError('value must be a NUMERIC_TYPES, not {0}'.format(type(value)))
dict.__setitem__(self, key, float(value))
def add(self, key, value):
newval = self.__getitem__(key) + value
if newval:
self.__setitem__(key, newval)
else:
del self[key]
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, string_types):
other = ParserHelper.from_string(other)
other = dict(other.items())
return dict.__eq__(self, other)
def __str__(self):
return self.__format__('')
def __repr__(self):
tmp = '{%s}' % ', '.join(["'{0}': {1}".format(key, value) for key, value in sorted(self.items())])
return '<UnitsContainer({0})>'.format(tmp)
def __format__(self, spec):
return format_unit(self, spec)
def __copy__(self):
ret = self.__class__()
ret.update(self)
return ret
def __imul__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
raise TypeError('Cannot multiply UnitsContainer by {0}'.format(type(other)))
for key, value in other.items():
self[key] += value
keys = [key for key, value in self.items() if value == 0]
for key in keys:
del self[key]
return self
def __mul__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
raise TypeError('Cannot multiply UnitsContainer by {0}'.format(type(other)))
ret = copy.copy(self)
ret *= other
return ret
__rmul__ = __mul__
def __ipow__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, NUMERIC_TYPES):
raise TypeError('Cannot power UnitsContainer by {0}'.format(type(other)))
for key, value in self.items():
self[key] *= other
return self
def __pow__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, NUMERIC_TYPES):
raise TypeError('Cannot power UnitsContainer by {0}'.format(type(other)))
ret = copy.copy(self)
ret **= other
return ret
def __itruediv__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
raise TypeError('Cannot divide UnitsContainer by {0}'.format(type(other)))
for key, value in other.items():
self[key] -= value
keys = [key for key, value in self.items() if value == 0]
for key in keys:
del self[key]
return self
def __truediv__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
raise TypeError('Cannot divide UnitsContainer by {0}'.format(type(other)))
ret = copy.copy(self)
ret /= other
return ret
def __rtruediv__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, self.__class__) and other != 1:
raise TypeError('Cannot divide {0} by UnitsContainer'.format(type(other)))
ret = copy.copy(self)
ret **= -1
return ret
class UnitRegistry(object):
"""The unit registry stores the definitions and relationships between
units.
:param filename: path of the units definition file to load.
Empty to load the default definition file.
None to leave the UnitRegistry empty.
:param force_ndarray: convert any input, scalar or not to a numpy.ndarray.
:param default_as_delta: In the context of a multiplication of units, interpret
non-multiplicative units as their *delta* counterparts.
:autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit: If True converts offset units in quantites are
converted to their base units in multiplicative
context. If False no conversion happens.
:param on_redefinition: action to take in case a unit is redefined.
'warn', 'raise', 'ignore'
:type on_redefintion: str
"""
def __init__(self, filename='', force_ndarray=False, default_as_delta=True,
autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit=False,
on_redefinition='warn'):
self.Quantity = build_quantity_class(self, force_ndarray)
self.Measurement = build_measurement_class(self, force_ndarray)
#: Action to take in case a unit is redefined. 'warn', 'raise', 'ignore'
self._on_redefinition = on_redefinition
#: Map dimension name (string) to its definition (DimensionDefinition).
self._dimensions = {}
#: Map unit name (string) to its definition (UnitDefinition).
#: Might contain prefixed units.
self._units = {}
#: Map unit name in lower case (string) to a set of unit names with the right case.
#: Does not contain prefixed units.
#: e.g: 'hz' - > set('Hz', )
self._units_casei = defaultdict(set)
#: Map prefix name (string) to its definition (PrefixDefinition).
self._prefixes = {'': PrefixDefinition('', '', (), 1)}
#: Map suffix name (string) to canonical , and unit alias to canonical unit name
self._suffixes = {'': None, 's': ''}
#: Map context name (string) or abbreviation to context.
self._contexts = {}
#: Stores active contexts.
self._active_ctx = ContextChain()
#: Maps dimensionality (_freeze(UnitsContainer)) to Units (str)
self._dimensional_equivalents = TransformDict(_freeze)
#: Maps dimensionality (_freeze(UnitsContainer)) to Dimensionality (_freeze(UnitsContainer))
self._base_units_cache = TransformDict(_freeze)
#: Maps dimensionality (_freeze(UnitsContainer)) to Units (_freeze(UnitsContainer))
self._dimensionality_cache = TransformDict(_freeze)
#: Cache the unit name associated to user input. ('mV' -> 'millivolt')
self._parse_unit_cache = dict()
#: When performing a multiplication of units, interpret
#: non-multiplicative units as their *delta* counterparts.
self.default_as_delta = default_as_delta
# Determines if quantities with offset units are converted to their
# base units on multiplication and division.
self.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit
if filename == '':
self.load_definitions('default_en.txt', True)
elif filename is not None:
self.load_definitions(filename)
self.define(UnitDefinition('pi', 'π', (), ScaleConverter(math.pi)))
self._build_cache()
def __name__(self):
return 'UnitRegistry'
def __getattr__(self, item):
return self.Quantity(1, item)
def __getitem__(self, item):
logger.warning('Calling the getitem method from a UnitRegistry is deprecated. '
'use `parse_expression` method or use the registry as a callable.')
return self.parse_expression(item)
def __dir__(self):
return list(self._units.keys()) + \
['define', 'load_definitions', 'get_name', 'get_symbol',
'get_dimensionality', 'Quantity', 'wraps', 'parse_unit',
'parse_units', 'parse_expression', 'pi_theorem',
'convert', 'get_base_units']
@property
def default_format(self):
"""Default formatting string for quantities.
"""
return self.Quantity.default_format
@default_format.setter
def default_format(self, value):
self.Quantity.default_format = value
def add_context(self, context):
"""Add a context object to the registry.
The context will be accessible by its name and aliases.
Notice that this method will NOT enable the context. Use `enable_contexts`.
"""
if context.name in self._contexts:
logger.warning('The name %s was already registered for another context.',
context.name)
self._contexts[context.name] = context
for alias in context.aliases:
if alias in self._contexts:
logger.warning('The name %s was already registered for another context',
context.name)
self._contexts[alias] = context
def remove_context(self, name_or_alias):
"""Remove a context from the registry and return it.
Notice that this methods will not disable the context. Use `disable_contexts`.
"""
context = self._contexts[name_or_alias]
del self._contexts[context.name]
for alias in context.aliases:
del self._contexts[alias]
return context
def enable_contexts(self, *names_or_contexts, **kwargs):
"""Enable contexts provided by name or by object.
:param names_or_contexts: sequence of the contexts or contexts names/alias
:param kwargs: keyword arguments for the context
"""
# If present, copy the defaults from the containing contexts
if self._active_ctx.defaults:
kwargs = dict(self._active_ctx.defaults, **kwargs)
# For each name, we first find the corresponding context
ctxs = tuple((self._contexts[name] if isinstance(name, string_types) else name)
for name in names_or_contexts)
# Check if the contexts have been checked first, if not we make sure
# that dimensions are expressed in terms of base dimensions.
for ctx in ctxs:
if getattr(ctx, '_checked', False):
continue
for (src, dst), func in ctx.funcs.items():
src_ = self.get_dimensionality(dict(src))
dst_ = self.get_dimensionality(dict(dst))
if src != src_ or dst != dst_:
ctx.remove_transformation(src, dst)
ctx.add_transformation(src_, dst_, func)
ctx._checked = True
# and create a new one with the new defaults.
ctxs = tuple(Context.from_context(ctx, **kwargs)
for ctx in ctxs)
# Finally we add them to the active context.
self._active_ctx.insert_contexts(*ctxs)
def disable_contexts(self, n=None):
"""Disable the last n enabled contexts.
"""
if n is None:
n = len(self._contexts)
self._active_ctx.remove_contexts(n)
@contextmanager
def context(self, *names, **kwargs):
"""Used as a context manager, this function enables to activate a context
which is removed after usage.
:param names: name of the context.
:param kwargs: keyword arguments for the contexts.
Context are called by their name::
>>> with ureg.context('one'):
... pass
If the context has an argument, you can specify its value as a keyword
argument::
>>> with ureg.context('one', n=1):
... pass
Multiple contexts can be entered in single call:
>>> with ureg.context('one', 'two', n=1):
... pass
or nested allowing you to give different values to the same keyword argument::
>>> with ureg.context('one', n=1):
... with ureg.context('two', n=2):
... pass
A nested context inherits the defaults from the containing context::
>>> with ureg.context('one', n=1):
... with ureg.context('two'): # Here n takes the value of the upper context
... pass
"""
# Enable the contexts.
self.enable_contexts(*names, **kwargs)
try:
# After adding the context and rebuilding the graph, the registry
# is ready to use.
yield self
finally:
# Upon leaving the with statement,
# the added contexts are removed from the active one.
self.disable_contexts(len(names))
def define(self, definition):
"""Add unit to the registry.
"""
if isinstance(definition, string_types):
definition = Definition.from_string(definition)
if isinstance(definition, DimensionDefinition):
d, di = self._dimensions, None
elif isinstance(definition, UnitDefinition):
d, di = self._units, self._units_casei
if definition.is_base:
for dimension in definition.reference.keys():
if dimension in self._dimensions:
if dimension != '[]':
raise DefinitionSyntaxError('only one unit per dimension can be a base unit.')
continue
self.define(DimensionDefinition(dimension, '', (), None, is_base=True))
elif isinstance(definition, PrefixDefinition):
d, di = self._prefixes, None
else:
raise TypeError('{0} is not a valid definition.'.format(definition))
def _adder(key, value, action=self._on_redefinition, selected_dict=d, casei_dict=di):
if key in selected_dict:
if action == 'raise':
raise RedefinitionError(key, type(value))
elif action == 'warn':
logger.warning("Redefining '%s' (%s)", key, type(value))
selected_dict[key] = value
if casei_dict is not None:
casei_dict[key.lower()].add(key)
_adder(definition.name, definition)
if definition.has_symbol:
_adder(definition.symbol, definition)
for alias in definition.aliases:
if ' ' in alias:
logger.warn('Alias cannot contain a space: ' + alias)
_adder(alias, definition)
# define additional "delta_" units for units with an offset
if getattr(definition.converter, "offset", 0.0) != 0.0:
d_name = 'delta_' + definition.name
if definition.symbol:
d_symbol = 'Δ' + definition.symbol
else:
d_symbol = None
d_aliases = tuple('Δ' + alias for alias in definition.aliases)
def prep(_name):
if _name.startswith('['):
return '[delta_' + _name[1:]
return 'delta_' + _name
d_reference = UnitsContainer(dict((ref, value)
for ref, value in definition.reference.items()))
self.define(UnitDefinition(d_name, d_symbol, d_aliases,
ScaleConverter(definition.converter.scale),
d_reference, definition.is_base))
def load_definitions(self, file, is_resource=False):
"""Add units and prefixes defined in a definition text file.
"""
# Permit both filenames and line-iterables
if isinstance(file, string_types):
try:
if is_resource:
with closing(pkg_resources.resource_stream(__name__, file)) as fp:
rbytes = fp.read()
return self.load_definitions(StringIO(rbytes.decode('utf-8')), is_resource)
else:
with open(file, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
return self.load_definitions(fp, is_resource)
except (RedefinitionError, DefinitionSyntaxError) as e:
if e.filename is None:
e.filename = file
raise e
except Exception as e:
msg = getattr(e, 'message', '') or str(e)
raise ValueError('While opening {0}\n{1}'.format(file, msg))
ifile = enumerate(file, 1)
for no, line in ifile:
line = line.strip()
if not line or line.startswith('#'):
continue
if line.startswith('@import'):
if is_resource:
path = line[7:].strip()
else:
try:
path = os.path.dirname(file.name)
except AttributeError:
path = os.getcwd()
path = os.path.join(path, os.path.normpath(line[7:].strip()))
self.load_definitions(path, is_resource)
elif line.startswith('@context'):
context = [line, ]
for no, line in ifile:
line = line.strip()
if line.startswith('@end'):
try:
self.add_context(Context.from_lines(context, self.get_dimensionality))
except KeyError as e:
raise DefinitionSyntaxError('unknown dimension {0} in context'.format(str(e)), lineno=no)
break
elif line.startswith('@'):
raise DefinitionSyntaxError('cannot nest @ directives', lineno=no)
context.append(line)
else:
try:
self.define(Definition.from_string(line))
except (RedefinitionError, DefinitionSyntaxError) as ex:
if ex.lineno is None:
ex.lineno = no
raise ex
except Exception as ex:
logger.error("In line {0}, cannot add '{1}' {2}".format(no, line, ex))
def _build_cache(self):
"""Build a cache of dimensionality and base units.
"""
deps = dict((name, set(definition.reference.keys() if definition.reference else {}))
for name, definition in self._units.items())
for unit_names in solve_dependencies(deps):
for unit_name in unit_names:
prefixed = False
for p in self._prefixes.keys():
if p and unit_name.startswith(p):
prefixed = True
break
if '[' in unit_name:
continue
try:
uc = ParserHelper.from_word(unit_name)
bu = self.get_base_units(uc)
di = self.get_dimensionality(uc)
self._base_units_cache[uc] = bu
self._dimensionality_cache[uc] = di
if not prefixed:
if di not in self._dimensional_equivalents:
self._dimensional_equivalents[di] = set()
self._dimensional_equivalents[di].add(self._units[unit_name].name)
except Exception as e:
logger.warning('Could not resolve {0}: {1!r}'.format(unit_name, e))
def get_name(self, name_or_alias, case_sensitive=True):
"""Return the canonical name of a unit.
"""
if name_or_alias == 'dimensionless':
return ''
try:
return self._units[name_or_alias]._name
except KeyError:
pass
candidates = self._dedup_candidates(self.parse_unit_name(name_or_alias, case_sensitive))
if not candidates:
raise UndefinedUnitError(name_or_alias)
elif len(candidates) == 1:
prefix, unit_name, _ = candidates[0]
else:
logger.warning('Parsing {0} yield multiple results. '
'Options are: {1}'.format(name_or_alias, candidates))
prefix, unit_name, _ = candidates[0]
if prefix:
name = prefix + unit_name
symbol = self.get_symbol(name)
prefix_def = self._prefixes[prefix]
self._units[name] = UnitDefinition(name, symbol, (), prefix_def.converter,
UnitsContainer({unit_name: 1}))
return prefix + unit_name
return unit_name
def get_symbol(self, name_or_alias):
"""Return the preferred alias for a unit
"""
candidates = self._dedup_candidates(self.parse_unit_name(name_or_alias))
if not candidates:
raise UndefinedUnitError(name_or_alias)
elif len(candidates) == 1:
prefix, unit_name, _ = candidates[0]
else:
logger.warning('Parsing {0} yield multiple results. '
'Options are: {1!r}'.format(name_or_alias, candidates))
prefix, unit_name, _ = candidates[0]
return self._prefixes[prefix].symbol + self._units[unit_name].symbol
def _get_symbol(self, name):
return self._units[name].symbol
def get_dimensionality(self, input_units):
"""Convert unit or dict of units or dimensions to a dict of base dimensions
:param input_units:
:return: dimensionality
"""
if not input_units:
return UnitsContainer()
if isinstance(input_units, string_types):
input_units = ParserHelper.from_string(input_units)
if input_units in self._dimensionality_cache:
return copy.copy(self._dimensionality_cache[input_units])
accumulator = defaultdict(float)
self._get_dimensionality_recurse(input_units, 1.0, accumulator)
dims = UnitsContainer(dict((k, v) for k, v in accumulator.items() if v != 0.))
if '[]' in dims:
del dims['[]']
self._dimensionality_cache[input_units] = copy.copy(dims)
return dims
def _get_dimensionality_recurse(self, ref, exp, accumulator):
for key in ref:
exp2 = exp*ref[key]
if _is_dim(key):
reg = self._dimensions[key]
if reg.is_base:
accumulator[key] += exp2
elif reg.reference is not None:
self._get_dimensionality_recurse(reg.reference, exp2, accumulator)
else:
reg = self._units[self.get_name(key)]
if reg.reference is not None:
self._get_dimensionality_recurse(reg.reference, exp2, accumulator)
def get_base_units(self, input_units, check_nonmult=True):
"""Convert unit or dict of units to the base units.
If any unit is non multiplicative and check_converter is True,
then None is returned as the multiplicative factor.
:param input_units: units
:type input_units: UnitsContainer or str
:param check_nonmult: if True, None will be returned as the multiplicative factor
is a non-multiplicative units is found in the final Units.
:return: multiplicative factor, base units
"""
if not input_units:
return 1., UnitsContainer()
if isinstance(input_units, string_types):
input_units = ParserHelper.from_string(input_units)
# The cache is only done for check_nonmult=True
if check_nonmult and input_units in self._base_units_cache:
return copy.deepcopy(self._base_units_cache[input_units])
accumulators = [1., defaultdict(float)]
self._get_base_units(input_units, 1.0, accumulators)
factor = accumulators[0]
units = UnitsContainer(dict((k, v) for k, v in accumulators[1].items() if v != 0.))
# Check if any of the final units is non multiplicative and return None instead.
if check_nonmult:
for unit in units.keys():
if not self._units[unit].converter.is_multiplicative:
return None, units
return factor, units
def _get_base_units(self, ref, exp, accumulators):
for key in ref:
exp2 = exp*ref[key]
key = self.get_name(key)
reg = self._units[key]
if reg.is_base:
accumulators[1][key] += exp2
else:
accumulators[0] *= reg._converter.scale ** exp2
if reg.reference is not None:
self._get_base_units(reg.reference, exp2, accumulators)
def get_compatible_units(self, input_units):
if not input_units:
return 1., UnitsContainer()
if isinstance(input_units, string_types):
input_units = ParserHelper.from_string(input_units)
src_dim = self.get_dimensionality(input_units)
ret = self._dimensional_equivalents[src_dim]
if self._active_ctx:
nodes = find_connected_nodes(self._active_ctx.graph, _freeze(src_dim))
ret = set()
if nodes:
for node in nodes:
ret |= self._dimensional_equivalents[node]
return frozenset(ret)
def convert(self, value, src, dst, inplace=False):
"""Convert value from some source to destination units.
:param value: value
:param src: source units.
:type src: UnitsContainer or str
:param dst: destination units.
:type dst: UnitsContainer or str
:return: converted value
"""
if isinstance(src, string_types):
src = self.parse_units(src)
if isinstance(dst, string_types):
dst = self.parse_units(dst)
if src == dst:
return value
src_dim = self.get_dimensionality(src)
dst_dim = self.get_dimensionality(dst)
# If there is an active context, we look for a path connecting source and
# destination dimensionality. If it exists, we transform the source value
# by applying sequentially each transformation of the path.
if self._active_ctx:
path = find_shortest_path(self._active_ctx.graph,
*Context.__keytransform__(src_dim, dst_dim))
if path:
src = self.Quantity(value, src)
for a, b in zip(path[:-1], path[1:]):
src = self._active_ctx.transform(a, b, self, src)
value, src = src.magnitude, src.units
src_dim = self.get_dimensionality(src)
# If the source and destination dimensionality are different,
# then the conversion cannot be performed.
if src_dim != dst_dim:
raise DimensionalityError(src, dst, src_dim, dst_dim)
# Conversion needs to consider if non-multiplicative (AKA offset
# units) are involved. Conversion is only possible if src and dst
# have at most one offset unit per dimension.
src_offset_units = [(u, e) for u, e in src.items()
if not self._units[u].is_multiplicative]
dst_offset_units = [(u, e) for u, e in dst.items()
if not self._units[u].is_multiplicative]
# For offset units we need to check if the conversion is allowed.
if src_offset_units or dst_offset_units:
# Validate that not more than one offset unit is present
if len(src_offset_units) > 1 or len(dst_offset_units) > 1:
raise DimensionalityError(
src, dst, src_dim, dst_dim,
extra_msg=' - more than one offset unit.')
# validate that offset unit is not used in multiplicative context
if ((len(src_offset_units) == 1 and len(src) > 1)
or (len(dst_offset_units) == 1 and len(dst) > 1)
and not self.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit):
raise DimensionalityError(
src, dst, src_dim, dst_dim,
extra_msg=' - offset unit used in multiplicative context.')
# Validate that order of offset unit is exactly one.
if src_offset_units:
if src_offset_units[0][1] != 1:
raise DimensionalityError(
src, dst, src_dim, dst_dim,
extra_msg=' - offset units in higher order.')
else:
if dst_offset_units[0][1] != 1:
raise DimensionalityError(
src, dst, src_dim, dst_dim,
extra_msg=' - offset units in higher order.')
# Here we convert only the offset quantities. Any remaining scaled
# quantities will be converted later.
# clean src from offset units by converting to reference
for u, e in src_offset_units:
value = self._units[u].converter.to_reference(value, inplace)
src.pop(u)
# clean dst units from offset units
for u, e in dst_offset_units:
dst.pop(u)
# Here src and dst have only multiplicative units left. Thus we can
# convert with a factor.
factor, units = self.get_base_units(src / dst)
# factor is type float and if our magnitude is type Decimal then
# must first convert to Decimal before we can '*' the values
if isinstance(value, Decimal):
factor = Decimal(str(factor))
if inplace:
value *= factor
else:
value = value * factor
# Finally convert to offset units specified in destination
for u, e in dst_offset_units:
value = self._units[u].converter.from_reference(value, inplace)
# add back offset units to dst
dst[u] = e
# restore offset conversion of src units
for u, e in src_offset_units:
src[u] = e
return value
def pi_theorem(self, quantities):
"""Builds dimensionless quantities using the Buckingham π theorem
:param quantities: mapping between variable name and units
:type quantities: dict
:return: a list of dimensionless quantities expressed as dicts
"""
return pi_theorem(quantities, self)
def _dedup_candidates(self, candidates):
"""Given a list of units, remove those with different names but equal value.
"""
candidates = tuple(candidates)
if len(candidates) < 2:
return candidates
unique = [candidates[0]]
for c in candidates[2:]:
for u in unique:
if c == u:
break
else:
unique.append(c)
return tuple(unique)
def parse_unit_name(self, unit_name, case_sensitive=True):
"""Parse a unit to identify prefix, unit name and suffix
by walking the list of prefix and suffix.
"""
stw = unit_name.startswith
edw = unit_name.endswith
for suffix, prefix in itertools.product(self._suffixes, self._prefixes):
if stw(prefix) and edw(suffix):
name = unit_name[len(prefix):]
if suffix:
name = name[:-len(suffix)]
if len(name) == 1:
continue
if case_sensitive:
if name in self._units:
yield (self._prefixes[prefix]._name,
self._units[name]._name,
self._suffixes[suffix])
else:
for real_name in self._units_casei.get(name.lower(), ()):
yield (self._prefixes[prefix]._name,
self._units[real_name]._name,
self._suffixes[suffix])
def parse_units(self, input_string, as_delta=None):
"""Parse a units expression and returns a UnitContainer with
the canonical names.
The expression can only contain products, ratios and powers of units.
:param as_delta: if the expression has multiple units, the parser will
interpret non multiplicative units as their `delta_` counterparts.
:raises:
:class:`pint.UndefinedUnitError` if a unit is not in the registry
:class:`ValueError` if the expression is invalid.
"""
if input_string in self._parse_unit_cache:
return self._parse_unit_cache[input_string]
if as_delta is None:
as_delta = self.default_as_delta
if not input_string:
return UnitsContainer()
units = ParserHelper.from_string(input_string)
if units.scale != 1:
raise ValueError('Unit expression cannot have a scaling factor.')
ret = UnitsContainer()
many = len(units) > 1
for name in units:
cname = self.get_name(name)
value = units[name]
if not cname:
continue
if as_delta and (many or (not many and value != 1)):
definition = self._units[cname]
if not definition.is_multiplicative:
cname = 'delta_' + cname
ret[cname] = value
self._parse_unit_cache[input_string] = ret
return ret
def parse_expression(self, input_string, case_sensitive=True, **values):
"""Parse a mathematical expression including units and return a quantity object.
Numerical constants can be specified as keyword arguments and will take precedence
over the names defined in the registry.
"""
if not input_string:
return self.Quantity(1)
input_string = string_preprocessor(input_string)
gen = tokenizer(input_string)
result = []
unknown = set()
for toknum, tokval, _, _, _ in gen:
if toknum == NAME:
# TODO: Integrate math better, Replace eval, make as_delta-aware
if tokval == 'pi' or tokval in values:
result.append((toknum, tokval))
continue
try:
tokval = self.get_name(tokval, case_sensitive)
except UndefinedUnitError as ex:
unknown.add(ex.unit_names)
if tokval:
result.extend([
(NAME, 'Q_'), (OP, '('), (NUMBER, '1'), (OP, ','),
(NAME, 'U_'), (OP, '('), (STRING, tokval), (OP, '='), (NUMBER, '1'), (OP, ')'),
(OP, ')')
])
else:
result.extend([
(NAME, 'Q_'), (OP, '('), (NUMBER, '1'), (OP, ','),
(NAME, 'U_'), (OP, '('), (OP, ')'),
(OP, ')')
])
else:
result.append((toknum, tokval))
if unknown:
raise UndefinedUnitError(unknown)
return eval(untokenize(result),
{'__builtins__': None,
'REGISTRY': self._units,
'Q_': self.Quantity,
'U_': UnitsContainer,
'pi': math.pi},
values
)
__call__ = parse_expression
def wraps(self, ret, args, strict=True):
"""Wraps a function to become pint-aware.
Use it when a function requires a numerical value but in some specific
units. The wrapper function will take a pint quantity, convert to the units
specified in `args` and then call the wrapped function with the resulting
magnitude.
The value returned by the wrapped function will be converted to the units
specified in `ret`.
Use None to skip argument conversion.
Set strict to False, to accept also numerical values.
:param ret: output units.
:param args: iterable of input units.
:param strict: boolean to indicate that only quantities are accepted.
:return: the wrapped function.
:raises:
:class:`ValueError` if strict and one of the arguments is not a Quantity.
"""
Q_ = self.Quantity
if not isinstance(args, (list, tuple)):
args = (args, )
def to_units(x):
if isinstance(x, string_types):
return self.parse_units(x)
elif isinstance(x, Q_):
return x.units
return x
units = [to_units(arg) for arg in args]
if isinstance(ret, (list, tuple)):
ret = ret.__class__([to_units(arg) for arg in ret])
elif isinstance(ret, string_types):
ret = self.parse_units(ret)
def decorator(func):
assigned = tuple(attr for attr in functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS if hasattr(func, attr))
updated = tuple(attr for attr in functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES if hasattr(func, attr))
@functools.wraps(func, assigned=assigned, updated=updated)
def wrapper(*values, **kw):
new_args = []
for unit, value in zip(units, values):
if unit is None:
new_args.append(value)
elif isinstance(value, Q_):
new_args.append(self.convert(value.magnitude, value.units, unit))
elif not strict:
new_args.append(value)
else:
raise ValueError('A wrapped function using strict=True requires '
'quantity for all arguments with not None units. '
'(error found for {0}, {1})'.format(unit, value))
result = func(*new_args, **kw)
if isinstance(ret, (list, tuple)):
return ret.__class__(res if unit is None else Q_(res, unit)
for unit, res in zip(ret, result))
elif ret is not None:
return Q_(result, ret)
return result
return wrapper
return decorator
def build_quantity_class(registry, force_ndarray=False):
from .quantity import _Quantity
class Quantity(_Quantity):
pass
Quantity._REGISTRY = registry
Quantity.force_ndarray = force_ndarray
return Quantity
def build_measurement_class(registry, force_ndarray=False):
from .measurement import _Measurement, ufloat
if ufloat is None:
class Measurement(object):
def __init__(self, *args):
raise RuntimeError("Pint requires the 'uncertainties' package to create a Measurement object.")
else:
class Measurement(_Measurement, registry.Quantity):
pass
Measurement._REGISTRY = registry
Measurement.force_ndarray = force_ndarray
return Measurement
class LazyRegistry(object):
def __init__(self, args=None, kwargs=None):
self.__dict__['params'] = args or (), kwargs or {}
def __init(self):
args, kwargs = self.__dict__['params']
kwargs['on_redefinition'] = 'raise'
self.__class__ = UnitRegistry
self.__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def __getattr__(self, item):
if item == '_on_redefinition':
return 'raise'
self.__init()
return getattr(self, item)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
if key == '__class__':
super(LazyRegistry, self).__setattr__(key, value)
else:
self.__init()
setattr(self, key, value)
def __getitem__(self, item):
self.__init()
return self[item]
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.__init()
return self(*args, **kwargs)