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* 64-bit Intel or AMD processor (x86\_64 aka x64 aka AMD64)
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* 64-bit Intel or AMD processor (x86\_64 aka x64 aka AMD64)
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* 4 GB RAM
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* 4 GB RAM
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* 32 GB disk space
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* 32 GB disk space
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* Legacy boot mode (required for R3.0 and earlier; UEFI is supported beginning
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* Legacy boot mode (required for R3.0 and earlier; UEFI is supported beginning with R3.1)
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with R3.1)
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### Recommended ###
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### Recommended ###
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* Fast SSD (strongly recommended)
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* Fast SSD (strongly recommended)
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* Intel IGP (strongly preferred)
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* Intel IGP (strongly preferred)
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* Nvidia GPUs may require significant [troubleshooting][nvidia].
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* Nvidia GPUs may require significant [troubleshooting][nvidia].
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* ATI GPUs have not been formally tested (but see the [Hardware Compatibility
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* ATI GPUs have not been formally tested (but see the [Hardware Compatibility List]).
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List]).
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* [Intel VT-x] or [AMD-V] (required for running HVM domains, such as Windows-based AppVMs)
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* [Intel VT-x] or [AMD-V] (required for running HVM domains, such as
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* [Intel VT-d] or [AMD-Vi (aka AMD IOMMU)] (required for effective isolation of network VMs)
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Windows-based AppVMs)
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* [Intel VT-d] or [AMD-Vi (aka AMD IOMMU)] (required for effective isolation of
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network VMs)
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* TPM with proper BIOS support (required for [Anti Evil Maid])
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* TPM with proper BIOS support (required for [Anti Evil Maid])
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## Qubes Release 4.x ##
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## Qubes Release 4.x ##
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* Fast SSD (strongly recommended)
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* Fast SSD (strongly recommended)
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* Intel IGP (strongly preferred)
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* Intel IGP (strongly preferred)
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* Nvidia GPUs may require significant [troubleshooting][nvidia].
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* Nvidia GPUs may require significant [troubleshooting][nvidia].
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* ATI GPUs have not been formally tested (but see the [Hardware Compatibility
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* ATI GPUs have not been formally tested (but see the [Hardware Compatibility List]).
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List]).
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* TPM with proper BIOS support (required for [Anti Evil Maid])
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* TPM with proper BIOS support (required for [Anti Evil Maid])
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* A non-USB keyboard or multiple USB controllers
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* A non-USB keyboard or multiple USB controllers
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* Also consider the [hardware certification requirements for Qubes 4.x].
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* Also consider the [hardware certification requirements for Qubes 4.x].
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## Choosing Hardware ##
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## Choosing Hardware ##
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* Please see the [Hardware Compatibility List] for a compilation of
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* Please see the [Hardware Compatibility List] for a compilation of hardware reports generated and submitted by users across various Qubes versions.
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hardware reports generated and submitted by users across various Qubes
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(For more information about the HCL itself, see [here][hcl-doc].)
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versions. (For more information about the HCL itself, see [here][hcl-doc]).
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* See the [Certified Hardware] page.
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* For more certain hardware compatibility, you may wish to consider a
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[Qubes-certified laptop]. (For information about how a computer becomes
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Qubes-certified, see [Hardware Certification].)
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## Important Notes ##
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## Important Notes ##
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* Qubes **can** be installed on systems which do not meet the recommended
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* Qubes **can** be installed on systems which do not meet the recommended requirements.
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requirements. Such systems will still offer significant security
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Such systems will still offer significant security improvements over traditional operating systems, since things like GUI isolation and kernel protection do not require special hardware.
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improvements over traditional operating systems, since things like GUI
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* Qubes **can** be installed on a USB flash drive or external disk, and testing has shown that this works very well. A fast USB 3.0 flash drive is recommended for this.
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isolation and kernel protection do not require special hardware.
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(As a reminder, its capacity must be at least 32 GB.)
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* Qubes **can** be installed on a USB flash drive or external disk, and testing
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Simply plug the flash drive into the computer before booting into the Qubes installer from a separate installation medium, choose the flash drive as the target installation disk, and proceed with the installation normally.
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has shown that this works very well. A fast USB 3.0 flash drive is
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After Qubes has been installed on the flash drive, it can then be plugged into other computers in order to boot into Qubes.
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recommended for this. (As a reminder, its capacity must be at least 32 GB.)
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In addition to the convenience of having a portable copy of Qubes, this allows users to test for hardware compatibility on multiple machines (e.g., at a brick-and-mortar computer
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Simply plug the flash drive into the computer before booting into the Qubes
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store) before deciding on which computer to purchase.
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installer from a separate installation medium, choose the flash drive as the
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(See [hcl-report] for advice on hardware compatibility testing.)
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target installation disk, and proceed with the installation normally. After
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Remember to change the devices assigned to your NetVM and USBVM if you move between different machines.
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Qubes has been installed on the flash drive, it can then be plugged into
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* Installing Qubes in a virtual machine is not recommended, as it uses its own bare-metal hypervisor (Xen).
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other computers in order to boot into Qubes. In addition to the convenience
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of having a portable copy of Qubes, this allows users to test for hardware
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compatibility on multiple machines (e.g., at a brick-and-mortar computer
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store) before deciding on which computer to purchase. (See [hcl-report] for
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advice on hardware compatibility testing.) Keep in mind to also change
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assigned devices for your netvm and usbvm, if you move between different
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machines.
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* There is also a [live USB] option available, which may be even easier for
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testing.
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* Installing Qubes in a virtual machine is not recommended, as it uses its own
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bare-metal hypervisor (Xen).
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* Macintosh PCs are not currently supported due to keyboard and mouse problems.
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* Macintosh PCs are not currently supported due to keyboard and mouse problems.
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(See [#230] for details. Patches welcome!)
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(See [#230] for details. Patches welcome!)
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* [Advice on finding a VT-d capable notebook][vt-d-notebook].
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* [Advice on finding a VT-d capable notebook][vt-d-notebook].
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@ -94,12 +75,11 @@ redirect_from:
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[nvidia]: /doc/install-nvidia-driver/
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[nvidia]: /doc/install-nvidia-driver/
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[hardware certification requirements for Qubes 4.x]: /news/2016/07/21/new-hw-certification-for-q4/
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[hardware certification requirements for Qubes 4.x]: /news/2016/07/21/new-hw-certification-for-q4/
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[Hardware Certification]: /doc/hardware/#hardware-certification
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[Certified Hardware]: /doc/certified-hardware/
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[Hardware Compatibility List]: /hcl/
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[Hardware Compatibility List]: /hcl/
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[hcl-doc]: /doc/hcl/
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[hcl-doc]: /doc/hcl/
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[hcl-report]: /doc/hcl/#generating-and-submitting-new-reports
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[hcl-report]: /doc/hcl/#generating-and-submitting-new-reports
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[Anti Evil Maid]: /doc/anti-evil-maid/
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[Anti Evil Maid]: /doc/anti-evil-maid/
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[Qubes-certified laptop]: /doc/hardware/#qubes-certified-laptops
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[live USB]: /doc/live-usb/
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[live USB]: /doc/live-usb/
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[#230]: https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/230
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[#230]: https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/230
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[vt-d-notebook]: https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/Sz0Nuhi4N0o/ZtpJdoc0OY8J
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[vt-d-notebook]: https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/Sz0Nuhi4N0o/ZtpJdoc0OY8J
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