fixed up the graphics/ collection's docs
This commit is contained in:
Robby Findler
parent
d6ef130fd2
commit
2bba4e101f
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
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The viewport graphics library is a relatively simple toolbox of
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graphics commands. The library is not very powerful; it is intended as
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a simplified alternative to @schememodname[scheme/gui]'s full
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a simplified alternative to @racketmodname[racket/gui]'s full
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graphical toolbox.
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The graphics library originated as SIXlib, a library of X Windows
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@ -32,9 +32,13 @@ Initializes the library's graphics routines. It must be called before
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@defproc[(close-graphics) void?]{
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Closes all of the windows. Until @scheme[open-graphics] is called
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Closes all of the windows. Until @racket[open-graphics] is called
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again, no graphics routines will work.}
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@defproc[(graphics-open?) boolean?]{
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Determines if the graphics have been opened (or not).
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}
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@defproc*[([(open-viewport [name string?]
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[horiz exact-nonnegative-integer?]
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[vert exact-nonnegative-integer?])
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@ -43,10 +47,10 @@ again, no graphics routines will work.}
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[dimensions posn?])
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viewport?])]{
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Creates a new window called @scheme[name]. The window is
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@scheme[horiz] pixels wide and @scheme[vert] pixels high. For
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backward compatibility, a single @scheme[posn] value can be submitted
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in the place of @scheme[horiz] and @scheme[vert]. The result is a
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Creates a new window called @racket[name]. The window is
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@racket[horiz] pixels wide and @racket[vert] pixels high. For
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backward compatibility, a single @racket[posn] value can be submitted
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in the place of @racket[horiz] and @racket[vert]. The result is a
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viewport descriptor.}
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@ -58,10 +62,10 @@ viewport descriptor.}
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[dimensions posn?])
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viewport?])]{
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Like @scheme[open-viewport], but the resulting viewport is not
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Like @racket[open-viewport], but the resulting viewport is not
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displayed on the screen. Offscreen pixmaps are useful for executing a
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sequence of drawing commands and displaying them all at once with
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@scheme[copy-viewport].
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@racket[copy-viewport].
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Offscreen pixmaps are also useful in conjunction with viewport->snip
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(see below). This allows functions to compute with graphical objects
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@ -77,8 +81,8 @@ dealing with the viewport illegal.}
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@defproc[(viewport? [v any/c]) boolean?]{
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Returns @scheme[#t] if @scheme[v] is a viewport (i.e., a destination
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for drawing), @scheme[#f] otherwise.}
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Returns @racket[#t] if @racket[v] is a viewport (i.e., a destination
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for drawing), @racket[#f] otherwise.}
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@; ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -96,15 +100,15 @@ Represents a positions.}
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@defproc[((get-pixel [viewport viewport?]) [p posn?]) (one-of/c 0 1)]{
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Returns the color of the pixel at position @scheme[p] in
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@scheme[viewport]; @scheme[0] denotes white and @scheme[1] denotes not
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Returns the color of the pixel at position @racket[p] in
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@racket[viewport]; @racket[0] denotes white and @racket[1] denotes not
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white.}
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@defproc[((get-color-pixel [viewport viewport?]) [p posn?]) rgb?]{
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Returns an @scheme[rgb] value for color of the pixel at position
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@scheme[p] in @scheme[viewport].}
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Returns an @racket[rgb] value for color of the pixel at position
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@racket[p] in @racket[viewport].}
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@defproc[((test-pixel [viewport viewport?]) [color (or/c (integer-in 0 299)
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@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ Returns an @scheme[rgb] value for color of the pixel at position
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rgb?)])
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rgb?]{
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Returns the color that will actually be used if @scheme[color] is used
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Returns the color that will actually be used if @racket[color] is used
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to draw.}
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@; ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -120,31 +124,31 @@ to draw.}
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@section{Color Operations}
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A color can be represented in three ways: as a color index (an integer
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in 0 to 299, inclusive), as a color name string, or as a @scheme[rgb]
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in 0 to 299, inclusive), as a color name string, or as a @racket[rgb]
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value. All drawing functions which take a color argument accept colors
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in any form. An @scheme[rgb] value is assigned to an index with
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@scheme[change-color].
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in any form. An @racket[rgb] value is assigned to an index with
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@racket[change-color].
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@defstruct[rgb ([red (real-in 0 1)][green (real-in 0 1)][blue (real-in 0 1)])]{
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Takes three values in the range 0 (dark) to 1 (bright) and returns an
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@scheme[rgb] (a color).}
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@racket[rgb] (a color).}
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@defproc[(change-color [index (integer-in 0 299)] [rgb rgb?])
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void?]{
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Changes the color at @scheme[index] in the color table to the
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color specified in @scheme[rgb]. Only the first twenty-one indices
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Changes the color at @racket[index] in the color table to the
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color specified in @racket[rgb]. Only the first twenty-one indices
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are initialized; a color index should not be used until it has
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been initialized.}
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@defproc[(default-display-is-color?) boolean?]{
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Returns @scheme[#t] if the default display screen for viewports is in
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color or @scheme[#f] otherwise.}
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Returns @racket[#t] if the default display screen for viewports is in
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color or @racket[#f] otherwise.}
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@; ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -153,14 +157,14 @@ color or @scheme[#f] otherwise.}
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The following are the basic graphics operations for drawing to a
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viewport. Each function takes a viewport as its argument and returns
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a function operating within that viewport. Further arguments, if any,
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are curried. For example, @scheme[(draw-line _viewport)] returns a
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are curried. For example, @racket[(draw-line _viewport)] returns a
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function, that can then be applied to the proper arguments to draw a
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line in the viewport corresponding to viewport descriptor
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@scheme[_viewport].
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@racket[_viewport].
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In general, @schemeidfont{draw-} functions make pixels black or
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colored, @schemeidfont{clear-} functions make them white, and
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@schemeidfont{flip-} commands @deftech{invert} pixels (which makes
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In general, @racketidfont{draw-} functions make pixels black or
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colored, @racketidfont{clear-} functions make them white, and
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@racketidfont{flip-} commands @deftech{invert} pixels (which makes
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black white, white black, and is otherwise ill-defined).
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@subsection{Viewports}
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@ -172,23 +176,23 @@ black white, white black, and is otherwise ill-defined).
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"black"])
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void?]{
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Colors the entire contents of @scheme[viewport] with @scheme[color].}
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Colors the entire contents of @racket[viewport] with @racket[color].}
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@defproc[((clear-viewport [viewport viewport?]))
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void?]{
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Whitens the entire contents of @scheme[viewport].}
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Whitens the entire contents of @racket[viewport].}
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@defproc[((flip-viewport [viewport viewport?]))
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void?]{
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@tech{Inverts} the entire contents of @scheme[viewport].}
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@tech{Inverts} the entire contents of @racket[viewport].}
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@defproc[(copy-viewport [source viewport?] [dest viewport?])
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void?]{
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Copies the content of @scheme[source] into @scheme[dest].}
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Copies the content of @racket[source] into @racket[dest].}
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@; ----------------------------------------
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@ -202,19 +206,19 @@ Copies the content of @scheme[source] into @scheme[dest].}
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"black"])
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void?]{
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Colors the pixel in @scheme[viewport] at @scheme[p].}
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Colors the pixel in @racket[viewport] at @racket[p].}
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@defproc[((clear-pixel [viewport viewport?])
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[p posn?])
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void?]{
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Whitens the pixel in @scheme[viewport] at @scheme[p].}
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Whitens the pixel in @racket[viewport] at @racket[p].}
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@defproc[((flip-pixel [viewport viewport?])
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[p posn?])
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void?]{
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@tech{Inverts} the pixel in @scheme[viewport] at @scheme[p].}
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@tech{Inverts} the pixel in @racket[viewport] at @racket[p].}
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@; ----------------------------------------
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@ -229,8 +233,8 @@ Whitens the pixel in @scheme[viewport] at @scheme[p].}
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"black"])
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void?]{
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Draws a line in @scheme[viewport] connecting positions @scheme[p1] and
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@scheme[p2].}
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Draws a line in @racket[viewport] connecting positions @racket[p1] and
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@racket[p2].}
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@defproc[((clear-line [viewport viewport?])
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@ -238,8 +242,8 @@ Draws a line in @scheme[viewport] connecting positions @scheme[p1] and
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[p2 posn?])
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void?]{
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Whitens a line in @scheme[viewport] connecting positions @scheme[p1]
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and @scheme[p2].}
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Whitens a line in @racket[viewport] connecting positions @racket[p1]
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and @racket[p2].}
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@defproc[((flip-line [viewport viewport?])
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@ -247,8 +251,8 @@ and @scheme[p2].}
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[p2 posn?])
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void?]{
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@tech{Inverts} a line in @scheme[viewport] connecting positions
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@scheme[p1] and @scheme[p2].}
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@tech{Inverts} a line in @racket[viewport] connecting positions
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@racket[p1] and @racket[p2].}
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@; ----------------------------------------
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@ -264,9 +268,9 @@ and @scheme[p2].}
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"black"])
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void?]{
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Draws a rectangle border in the @scheme[viewport] with the top-left of
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the rectangle at the position @scheme[p] and with sides @scheme[width]
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across and @scheme[height] tall.}
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Draws a rectangle border in the @racket[viewport] with the top-left of
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the rectangle at the position @racket[p] and with sides @racket[width]
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across and @racket[height] tall.}
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@defproc[((clear-rectangle [viewport viewport?])
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@ -275,8 +279,8 @@ across and @scheme[height] tall.}
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[height (and/c real? (not/c negative?))])
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void?]{
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Whitens a rectangle border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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@scheme[draw-rectangle].}
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Whitens a rectangle border in the @racket[viewport], analogous to
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@racket[draw-rectangle].}
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@defproc[((flip-rectangle [viewport viewport?])
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@ -285,8 +289,8 @@ Whitens a rectangle border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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[height (and/c real? (not/c negative?))])
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void?]{
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@tech{Inverts} a rectangle border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous
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to @scheme[draw-rectangle].}
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@tech{Inverts} a rectangle border in the @racket[viewport], analogous
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to @racket[draw-rectangle].}
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@defproc[((draw-solid-rectangle [viewport viewport?])
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@ -299,9 +303,9 @@ to @scheme[draw-rectangle].}
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"black"])
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void?]{
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Draws a solid rectangle in the @scheme[viewport] with the top-left of
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the rectangle at the position @scheme[p] and with sides @scheme[width]
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across and @scheme[height] tall.}
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Draws a solid rectangle in the @racket[viewport] with the top-left of
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the rectangle at the position @racket[p] and with sides @racket[width]
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across and @racket[height] tall.}
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@defproc[((clear-solid-rectangle [viewport viewport?])
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@ -310,8 +314,8 @@ across and @scheme[height] tall.}
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[height (and/c real? (not/c negative?))])
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void?]{
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Whitens a rectangle border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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@scheme[draw-solid-rectangle].}
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Whitens a rectangle border in the @racket[viewport], analogous to
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@racket[draw-solid-rectangle].}
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@defproc[((flip-solid-rectangle [viewport viewport?])
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@ -320,8 +324,8 @@ Whitens a rectangle border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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[height (and/c real? (not/c negative?))])
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void?]{
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@tech{Inverts} a rectangle border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous
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to @scheme[draw-solid-rectangle].}
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@tech{Inverts} a rectangle border in the @racket[viewport], analogous
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to @racket[draw-solid-rectangle].}
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@; ----------------------------------------
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@ -337,9 +341,9 @@ to @scheme[draw-solid-rectangle].}
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"black"])
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void?]{
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Draws a ellipse border in the @scheme[viewport]. The ellipse is
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inscribed with a rectangle whose top-left is at position @scheme[p]
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and with sides @scheme[width] across and @scheme[height] tall.}
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Draws a ellipse border in the @racket[viewport]. The ellipse is
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inscribed with a rectangle whose top-left is at position @racket[p]
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and with sides @racket[width] across and @racket[height] tall.}
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@defproc[((clear-ellipse [viewport viewport?])
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@ -348,8 +352,8 @@ and with sides @scheme[width] across and @scheme[height] tall.}
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[height (and/c real? (not/c negative?))])
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void?]{
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Whitens a ellipse border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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@scheme[draw-ellipse].}
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Whitens a ellipse border in the @racket[viewport], analogous to
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@racket[draw-ellipse].}
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@defproc[((flip-ellipse [viewport viewport?])
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@ -358,8 +362,8 @@ Whitens a ellipse border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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[height (and/c real? (not/c negative?))])
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void?]{
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@tech{Inverts} a ellipse border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous
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to @scheme[draw-ellipse].}
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@tech{Inverts} a ellipse border in the @racket[viewport], analogous
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to @racket[draw-ellipse].}
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@defproc[((draw-solid-ellipse [viewport viewport?])
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@ -372,9 +376,9 @@ to @scheme[draw-ellipse].}
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"black"])
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void?]{
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Draws a solid ellipse in the @scheme[viewport]. The ellipse is
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inscribed with a rectangle whose top-left is at position @scheme[p]
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and with sides @scheme[width] across and @scheme[height] tall.}
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Draws a solid ellipse in the @racket[viewport]. The ellipse is
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inscribed with a rectangle whose top-left is at position @racket[p]
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and with sides @racket[width] across and @racket[height] tall.}
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@defproc[((clear-solid-ellipse [viewport viewport?])
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@ -383,8 +387,8 @@ and with sides @scheme[width] across and @scheme[height] tall.}
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[height (and/c real? (not/c negative?))])
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void?]{
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Whitens a ellipse border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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@scheme[draw-solid-ellipse].}
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Whitens a ellipse border in the @racket[viewport], analogous to
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@racket[draw-solid-ellipse].}
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@defproc[((flip-solid-ellipse [viewport viewport?])
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@ -393,8 +397,8 @@ Whitens a ellipse border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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[height (and/c real? (not/c negative?))])
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void?]{
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@tech{Inverts} a ellipse border in the @scheme[viewport], analogous
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to @scheme[draw-solid-ellipse].}
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@tech{Inverts} a ellipse border in the @racket[viewport], analogous
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to @racket[draw-solid-ellipse].}
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@; ----------------------------------------
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@ -409,8 +413,8 @@ to @scheme[draw-solid-ellipse].}
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"black"])
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void?]{
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Draws a polygon border in @scheme[viewport] using @scheme[points] for
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the polygon vertices and @scheme[offset] as an offset added to all
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Draws a polygon border in @racket[viewport] using @racket[points] for
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the polygon vertices and @racket[offset] as an offset added to all
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points.}
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@ -419,8 +423,8 @@ points.}
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[offset posn?])
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void?]{
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Whitens a polygon border in @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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@scheme[draw-polygon].}
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Whitens a polygon border in @racket[viewport], analogous to
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@racket[draw-polygon].}
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@defproc[((flip-polygon [viewport viewport?])
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@ -428,8 +432,8 @@ Whitens a polygon border in @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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[offset posn?])
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void?]{
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@tech{Inverts} a polygon border in @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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@scheme[draw-polygon].}
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@tech{Inverts} a polygon border in @racket[viewport], analogous to
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@racket[draw-polygon].}
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@defproc[((draw-solid-polygon [viewport viewport?])
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@ -441,8 +445,8 @@ Whitens a polygon border in @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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"black"])
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void?]{
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Draws a solid polygon in @scheme[viewport] using @scheme[points] for
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the polygon vertices and @scheme[offset] as an offset added to all
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Draws a solid polygon in @racket[viewport] using @racket[points] for
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the polygon vertices and @racket[offset] as an offset added to all
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points.}
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@ -451,8 +455,8 @@ points.}
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[offset posn?])
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void?]{
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Whitens a polygon border in @scheme[viewport], analogous to
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@scheme[draw-solid-polygon].}
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Whitens a polygon border in @racket[viewport], analogous to
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||||
@racket[draw-solid-polygon].}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[((flip-solid-polygon [viewport viewport?])
|
||||
|
|
@ -460,8 +464,8 @@ Whitens a polygon border in @scheme[viewport], analogous to
|
|||
[offset posn?])
|
||||
void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
@tech{Inverts} a polygon border in @scheme[viewport], analogous to
|
||||
@scheme[draw-solid-polygon].}
|
||||
@tech{Inverts} a polygon border in @racket[viewport], analogous to
|
||||
@racket[draw-solid-polygon].}
|
||||
|
||||
@; ----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -476,8 +480,8 @@ Whitens a polygon border in @scheme[viewport], analogous to
|
|||
"black"])
|
||||
void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws a string at a specified location in the @scheme[viewport].
|
||||
The lower left of the string begins at @scheme[p].}
|
||||
Draws a string at a specified location in the @racket[viewport].
|
||||
The lower left of the string begins at @racket[p].}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[((clear-string [viewport viewport?])
|
||||
|
|
@ -485,8 +489,8 @@ The lower left of the string begins at @scheme[p].}
|
|||
[str string?])
|
||||
void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Whitens a string at a specified location in the @scheme[viewport].
|
||||
The lower left of the string begins at @scheme[p].}
|
||||
Whitens a string at a specified location in the @racket[viewport].
|
||||
The lower left of the string begins at @racket[p].}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[((flip-string [viewport viewport?])
|
||||
[p posn?]
|
||||
|
|
@ -494,8 +498,8 @@ The lower left of the string begins at @scheme[p].}
|
|||
void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
@tech{Inverts} a string at a specified location in the
|
||||
@scheme[viewport]. The lower left of the string begins at
|
||||
@scheme[p].}
|
||||
@racket[viewport]. The lower left of the string begins at
|
||||
@racket[p].}
|
||||
|
||||
@; ----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -514,17 +518,17 @@ The lower left of the string begins at @scheme[p].}
|
|||
"black"])
|
||||
void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws a pixmap into @scheme[viewport] with its upper left corner at
|
||||
position @scheme[p]. If @scheme[type] is @scheme['unknown] or
|
||||
@scheme['unknown/mask], then the content of the file is examined to
|
||||
Draws a pixmap into @racket[viewport] with its upper left corner at
|
||||
position @racket[p]. If @racket[type] is @racket['unknown] or
|
||||
@racket['unknown/mask], then the content of the file is examined to
|
||||
determine the type. All formats are supported on all platforms,
|
||||
except @scheme['pict] which is only supported under Mac OS X. The
|
||||
@scheme['gif/mask], @scheme['png/mask], and @scheme['unknown/mask]
|
||||
except @racket['pict] which is only supported under Mac OS X. The
|
||||
@racket['gif/mask], @racket['png/mask], and @racket['unknown/mask]
|
||||
types draw the bitmap with a transparent background if
|
||||
@scheme[filename] refers to a GIF/PNG file with a transparent
|
||||
@racket[filename] refers to a GIF/PNG file with a transparent
|
||||
background.
|
||||
|
||||
The argument @scheme[color] is only used when the loaded pixmap is
|
||||
The argument @racket[color] is only used when the loaded pixmap is
|
||||
monochrome. In that case, the color is used instead of black in the
|
||||
drawn image.}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -537,15 +541,15 @@ drawn image.}
|
|||
"black"])
|
||||
void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Equivalent to @scheme[(((draw-pixmap-posn file) viewport) p color)].}
|
||||
Equivalent to @racket[(((draw-pixmap-posn file) viewport) p color)].}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[((save-pixmap [viewport viewport?])
|
||||
[file path-string?]
|
||||
[type (one-of/c 'gif 'jpeg 'png 'xbm 'xpm 'bmp) 'xpm])
|
||||
void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Saves the current content of @scheme[viewport] to @scheme[file].
|
||||
The @scheme[type] argument determines the kind of file that is written.}
|
||||
Saves the current content of @racket[viewport] to @racket[file].
|
||||
The @racket[type] argument determines the kind of file that is written.}
|
||||
|
||||
@; ----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -557,26 +561,26 @@ with tick events (the clock ticks) and keyboard inputs (keyevents).
|
|||
|
||||
@defproc[((init-world [viewport viewport?]) [v any/c]) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Sets the initial value of @scheme[viewport]'s world to @scheme[v].}
|
||||
Sets the initial value of @racket[viewport]'s world to @racket[v].}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[((set-on-tick-event [viewport viewport?])
|
||||
[secs real?] [update-callback (any/c . -> . any/c)]) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
For @scheme[viewport], sets @scheme[update-callback] to be invoked to
|
||||
transform the world value every @scheme[secs] seconds. Only one
|
||||
For @racket[viewport], sets @racket[update-callback] to be invoked to
|
||||
transform the world value every @racket[secs] seconds. Only one
|
||||
callback is installed at a time.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[((stop-tick [viewport viewport?])) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Stops updating @scheme[viewport]'s world via a callback installed with
|
||||
@scheme[set-on-tick-event].}
|
||||
Stops updating @racket[viewport]'s world via a callback installed with
|
||||
@racket[set-on-tick-event].}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[((set-on-key-event [viewport viewport?])
|
||||
[key-callback (any/c any/c . -> . any/c)])
|
||||
void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Sets @scheme[key-callback] as the function to call whenever a key
|
||||
event is received for @scheme[viewport]. The @scheme[key-callback] is
|
||||
Sets @racket[key-callback] as the function to call whenever a key
|
||||
event is received for @racket[viewport]. The @racket[key-callback] is
|
||||
given a key event and the current world, and it produces an updated
|
||||
world.}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -586,7 +590,7 @@ world.}
|
|||
|
||||
@defproc[((get-string-size [viewport viewport?]) [str string?]) (list/c real? real?)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns the size of @scheme[str] as drawn into @scheme[viewport] as a
|
||||
Returns the size of @racket[str] as drawn into @racket[viewport] as a
|
||||
list of two numbers: width and height.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(viewport->snip [viewport viewport?]) (is-a?/c snip%)]
|
||||
|
|
@ -600,21 +604,21 @@ DrRacket shows the snip in the interactions window.}
|
|||
|
||||
@defproc[(viewport-dc [viewport viewport?]) (is-a?/c dc<%>)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns an object for direct drawing into @scheme[viewport]'s
|
||||
Returns an object for direct drawing into @racket[viewport]'s
|
||||
on-screen representation (if any). Mirror all such drawing to the
|
||||
result of @scheme[(viewport-buffer-dc viewport)], too.}
|
||||
result of @racket[(viewport-buffer-dc viewport)], too.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(viewport-buffer-dc [viewport viewport?]) (is-a?/c dc<%>)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns an object for direct drawing into @scheme[viewport]'s
|
||||
Returns an object for direct drawing into @racket[viewport]'s
|
||||
off-screen representation. Mirror all such drawing to the
|
||||
result of @scheme[(viewport-dc viewport)], too.}
|
||||
result of @racket[(viewport-dc viewport)], too.}
|
||||
|
||||
@; ----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@section{An Example}
|
||||
|
||||
@schemeblock[
|
||||
@racketblock[
|
||||
(open-graphics)
|
||||
(code:comment @#,t{nothing appears to happen, but the library is initialized...})
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -638,12 +642,12 @@ The use of multiple viewports, viewport descriptors, drawing
|
|||
operations for multiple viewports is as easy as the use of a single
|
||||
viewport:
|
||||
|
||||
@schemeblock[
|
||||
@racketblock[
|
||||
(open-graphics)
|
||||
(let* ((code:comment @#,t{@scheme[w1] and @scheme[w2] are viewports for different windows})
|
||||
(let* ((code:comment @#,t{@racket[w1] and @racket[w2] are viewports for different windows})
|
||||
[w1 (open-viewport "viewport 1" 300 300)]
|
||||
[w2 (open-viewport "viewport 2" 200 500)]
|
||||
(code:comment @#,t{@scheme[d1] and @scheme[d2] draw lines in different viewports})
|
||||
(code:comment @#,t{@racket[d1] and @racket[d2] draw lines in different viewports})
|
||||
[d1 (draw-line w1)]
|
||||
[d2 (draw-line w2)])
|
||||
(code:comment @#,t{draws a line in viewport labeled ``viewport 1''})
|
||||
|
|
@ -652,7 +656,7 @@ viewport:
|
|||
(d2 (make-posn 100 100) (make-posn 101 400)))
|
||||
|
||||
(code:comment @#,t{we no longer have access to viewports 1 and 2,})
|
||||
(code:comment @#,t{since their descriptors did not escape the @scheme[let]})
|
||||
(code:comment @#,t{since their descriptors did not escape the @racket[let]})
|
||||
(close-graphics)
|
||||
(code:comment @#,t{removes the viewports})
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
|
@ -661,9 +665,9 @@ viewport:
|
|||
|
||||
To guarantee the proper closing of viewports in cases of errors,
|
||||
especially when a program manages several viewports simultaneously, a
|
||||
programmer should use @scheme[dynamic-wind:]
|
||||
programmer should use @racket[dynamic-wind:]
|
||||
|
||||
@schemeblock[
|
||||
@racketblock[
|
||||
(let ([w (open-viewport "hello" 100 100)])
|
||||
(dynamic-wind
|
||||
(code:comment @#,t{what we want to happen first: nothing})
|
||||
|
|
@ -681,40 +685,40 @@ programmer should use @scheme[dynamic-wind:]
|
|||
|
||||
The graphics library contains functions that determine where the mouse
|
||||
is, if there are any clicks, etc. The functions
|
||||
@scheme[get-mouse-click] and @scheme[ready-mouse-click] first return a
|
||||
@racket[get-mouse-click] and @racket[ready-mouse-click] first return a
|
||||
``mouse-click descriptor,'' and then other functions take the
|
||||
descriptor and return the mouse's position, which button was pushed,
|
||||
etc. Mouse clicks are buffered and returned in the same order in
|
||||
which they occurred. Thus, the descriptors returned by
|
||||
@scheme[get-mouse-click] and @scheme[ready-mouse-click] may be from
|
||||
@racket[get-mouse-click] and @racket[ready-mouse-click] may be from
|
||||
clicks that occurred long before these functions were called.
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(get-mouse-click [viewport viewport?]) mouse-click?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns the next mouse click in @scheme[viewport], waiting for a click
|
||||
Returns the next mouse click in @racket[viewport], waiting for a click
|
||||
if necessary.}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(ready-mouse-click [viewport viewport?])
|
||||
(or/c mouse-click? false/c)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns either a mouse click descriptor or @scheme[#f] if none is
|
||||
available. Unlike @scheme[get-mouse-click],
|
||||
@scheme[ready-mouse-click] always returns immediately.}
|
||||
Returns either a mouse click descriptor or @racket[#f] if none is
|
||||
available. Unlike @racket[get-mouse-click],
|
||||
@racket[ready-mouse-click] always returns immediately.}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(ready-mouse-release [viewport viewport?])
|
||||
(or/c mouse-click? false/c)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns either a click descriptor from a mouse-release (button-up)
|
||||
event or @scheme[#f] if none is available.}
|
||||
event or @racket[#f] if none is available.}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(query-mouse-posn [viewport viewport?]) (or/c posn? false/c)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns either the position of the mouse cursor within
|
||||
@scheme[viewport] or else @scheme[#f] if the cursor is currently
|
||||
outside @scheme[viewport].}
|
||||
@racket[viewport] or else @racket[#f] if the cursor is currently
|
||||
outside @racket[viewport].}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(mouse-click-posn [mouse-click mouse-click?]) posn?]{
|
||||
|
|
@ -725,49 +729,49 @@ mouse click occurred.}
|
|||
|
||||
@defproc[(left-mouse-click? [mouse-click mouse-click?]) boolean?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns @scheme[#t] if the mouse click occurred with the left mouse
|
||||
button, @scheme[#f] otherwise.}
|
||||
Returns @racket[#t] if the mouse click occurred with the left mouse
|
||||
button, @racket[#f] otherwise.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(middle-mouse-click? [mouse-click mouse-click?]) boolean?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns @scheme[#t] if the mouse click occurred with the middle mouse
|
||||
button, @scheme[#f] otherwise.}
|
||||
Returns @racket[#t] if the mouse click occurred with the middle mouse
|
||||
button, @racket[#f] otherwise.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(right-mouse-click? [mouse-click mouse-click?]) boolean?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns @scheme[#t] if the mouse click occurred with the right mouse
|
||||
button, @scheme[#f] otherwise.}
|
||||
Returns @racket[#t] if the mouse click occurred with the right mouse
|
||||
button, @racket[#f] otherwise.}
|
||||
|
||||
@; ----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@section{Keyboard Operations}
|
||||
|
||||
The graphics library contains functions that report key presses from
|
||||
the keyboard. The functions @scheme[get-key-press] and
|
||||
@scheme[ready-key-press] return a ``key-press descriptor,'' and then
|
||||
@scheme[key-value] takes the descriptor and returns a character or
|
||||
the keyboard. The functions @racket[get-key-press] and
|
||||
@racket[ready-key-press] return a ``key-press descriptor,'' and then
|
||||
@racket[key-value] takes the descriptor and returns a character or
|
||||
symbol (usually a character) representing the key that was pressed.
|
||||
Key presses are buffered and returned in the same order in which they
|
||||
occurred. Thus, the descriptors returned by @scheme[get-key-press]
|
||||
and @scheme[ready-key-press] may be from presses that occurred long
|
||||
occurred. Thus, the descriptors returned by @racket[get-key-press]
|
||||
and @racket[ready-key-press] may be from presses that occurred long
|
||||
before these functions were called.
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(get-key-press [viewport viewport?]) key-press?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns the next key press in the @scheme[viewport], waiting for a
|
||||
Returns the next key press in the @racket[viewport], waiting for a
|
||||
key press if necessary.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(ready-key-press [viewport viewport?]) key-press?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns the next key press in the @scheme[viewport] or returns
|
||||
@scheme[#f] if none is available. Unlike @scheme[get-key-press],
|
||||
@scheme[ready-key-press] always returns immediately.}
|
||||
Returns the next key press in the @racket[viewport] or returns
|
||||
@racket[#f] if none is available. Unlike @racket[get-key-press],
|
||||
@racket[ready-key-press] always returns immediately.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(key-value [key-press key-press?]) (or/c character? symbol?)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Returns a character or special symbol for the key that was
|
||||
pressed. For example, the Enter key generates @scheme[#\return], and the
|
||||
up-arrow key generates @scheme['up]. For a complete list of possible
|
||||
pressed. For example, the Enter key generates @racket[#\return], and the
|
||||
up-arrow key generates @racket['up]. For a complete list of possible
|
||||
return values, see @method[key-event% get-key-code].}
|
||||
|
||||
@; ----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
|
@ -777,7 +781,7 @@ return values, see @method[key-event% get-key-code].}
|
|||
@defproc[(viewport-flush-input [viewport viewport?]) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Empties all mouse and keyboard events in the input buffer of
|
||||
@scheme[viewport].}
|
||||
@racket[viewport].}
|
||||
|
||||
@; ----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -790,28 +794,28 @@ Empties all mouse and keyboard events in the input buffer of
|
|||
@defsignature[graphics^ ()]
|
||||
|
||||
Includes all of the bindings defined earlier in this chapter, except
|
||||
the @scheme[posn] bindings of @secref["posn"].
|
||||
the @racket[posn] bindings of @secref["posn"].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defsignature[graphics:posn^ ()]
|
||||
|
||||
Includes the @scheme[posn] bindings of @secref["posn"].
|
||||
Includes the @racket[posn] bindings of @secref["posn"].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@subsection{Unit with @scheme[posn]}
|
||||
@subsection{Unit with @racket[posn]}
|
||||
|
||||
@defmodule[graphics/graphics-unit]
|
||||
|
||||
@defthing[graphics@ unit?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Imports @scheme[mred^] and exports both @scheme[graphics^] and
|
||||
@scheme[graphics:posn^].}
|
||||
Imports @racket[mred^] and exports both @racket[graphics^] and
|
||||
@racket[graphics:posn^].}
|
||||
|
||||
@subsection{Unit without @scheme[posn]}
|
||||
@subsection{Unit without @racket[posn]}
|
||||
|
||||
@defmodule[graphics/graphics-posn-less-unit]
|
||||
|
||||
@defthing[graphics-posn-less@ unit?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Imports @scheme[mred^] and @scheme[graphics:posn^] and exports
|
||||
@scheme[graphics^].}
|
||||
Imports @racket[mred^] and @racket[graphics:posn^] and exports
|
||||
@racket[graphics^].}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -10,20 +10,20 @@
|
|||
@defproc*[([(turtles [on? any/c]) void?]
|
||||
[(turtles) void?])]{
|
||||
|
||||
Shows and hides the turtles window based on @scheme[on?]. If
|
||||
@scheme[on?] is not supplied, the state is toggled.}
|
||||
Shows and hides the turtles window based on @racket[on?]. If
|
||||
@racket[on?] is not supplied, the state is toggled.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(move [n real?]) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Moves the turtle @scheme[n] pixels without drawing.}
|
||||
Moves the turtle @racket[n] pixels without drawing.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(draw [n real?]) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Moves the turtle @scheme[n] pixels and draws a line on the path.}
|
||||
Moves the turtle @racket[n] pixels and draws a line on the path.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(erase [n real?]) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Moves the turtle @scheme[n] pixels and erase along the path.}
|
||||
Moves the turtle @racket[n] pixels and erase along the path.}
|
||||
|
||||
@deftogether[(
|
||||
@defproc[(move-offset [h real?][v real?]) void?]
|
||||
|
|
@ -31,17 +31,17 @@ Moves the turtle @scheme[n] pixels and erase along the path.}
|
|||
@defproc[(erase-offset [h real?][v real?]) void?]
|
||||
)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Like @scheme[move], @scheme[draw], and @scheme[erase], but using a
|
||||
Like @racket[move], @racket[draw], and @racket[erase], but using a
|
||||
horizontal and vertical offset from the turtle's current position.}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(turn [theta real?]) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Turns the turtle @scheme[theta] degrees counter-clockwise.}
|
||||
Turns the turtle @racket[theta] degrees counter-clockwise.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(turn/radians [theta real?]) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Turns the turtle @scheme[theta] radians counter-clockwise.}
|
||||
Turns the turtle @racket[theta] radians counter-clockwise.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(clear) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -55,17 +55,17 @@ Leaves only one turtle, in the start position.}
|
|||
|
||||
Spawns a new turtle where the turtle is currently located. In order to
|
||||
distinguish the two turtles, only the new one evaluates
|
||||
@scheme[expr]. For example, if you start with a fresh turtle-window
|
||||
and type:
|
||||
@racket[expr]. For example, if you start with a fresh turtle-window
|
||||
and evaluate:
|
||||
|
||||
@schemeblock[
|
||||
@racketblock[
|
||||
(split (turn/radians (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
you will have two turtles, pointing at right angles to each
|
||||
other. Continue with
|
||||
|
||||
@schemeblock[
|
||||
@racketblock[
|
||||
(draw 100)
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -74,34 +74,34 @@ again, you will have four turtles, etc.}
|
|||
|
||||
@defform[(split* expr ...)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Like @scheme[(split expr ...)], except that one turtle is created for
|
||||
each @scheme[expr].
|
||||
Like @racket[(split expr ...)], except that one turtle is created for
|
||||
each @racket[expr].
|
||||
|
||||
For example, to create two turtles, one pointing at @math["\u3C0/2"]
|
||||
and one at @math["\u3C0/3"], evaluate
|
||||
|
||||
@schemeblock[
|
||||
@racketblock[
|
||||
(split* (turn/radians (/ pi 3)) (turn/radians (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
]}
|
||||
|
||||
@defform[(tprompt expr ...)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Limits the splitting of the turtles. Before@scheme[expr] is evaluated,
|
||||
Limits the splitting of the turtles. Before@racket[expr] is evaluated,
|
||||
the state of the turtles (how many, their positions and headings) is
|
||||
``checkpointed.'' Then @scheme[expr] is evaluated, and then the state
|
||||
``checkpointed.'' Then @racket[expr] is evaluated, and then the state
|
||||
of the turtles is restored, but all drawing that may have occurred
|
||||
during execution of @scheme[expr] remains.
|
||||
during execution of @racket[expr] remains.
|
||||
|
||||
For example
|
||||
|
||||
@schemeblock[
|
||||
@racketblock[
|
||||
(tprompt (draw 100))
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
moves a turtle forward 100 pixel while drawing a line, and then moves
|
||||
the turtle be immediately back to its original position. Similarly,
|
||||
|
||||
@schemeblock[
|
||||
@racketblock[
|
||||
(tprompt (split (turn/radians (/ pi 2))))
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -109,7 +109,17 @@ splits the turtle into two, rotates one 90 degrees, and then
|
|||
collapses back to a single turtle.
|
||||
|
||||
The fern functions below demonstrate more advanced use of
|
||||
@scheme[tprompt].}
|
||||
@racket[tprompt].}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(save-turtle-bitmap [name (or/c path-string? output-port?)]
|
||||
[kind (or/c 'png 'jpeg 'xbm 'xpm 'bmp)])
|
||||
void?]{
|
||||
Saves the current state of the turtles window in an image file.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@defthing[turtle-window-size exact-positive-integer?]{
|
||||
The size of the turtles window.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@; ----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -117,19 +127,19 @@ The fern functions below demonstrate more advanced use of
|
|||
|
||||
@defmodule[graphics/turtle-examples]
|
||||
|
||||
The @schememodname[graphics/turtle-examples] library's source is meant
|
||||
The @racketmodname[graphics/turtle-examples] library's source is meant
|
||||
to be read, but it also exports the following examples.
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(regular-poly [sides exact-nonnegative-integer?] [radius real?])
|
||||
void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws a regular poly centered at the turtle with @scheme[sides] sides
|
||||
and with radius @scheme[radius].}
|
||||
Draws a regular poly centered at the turtle with @racket[sides] sides
|
||||
and with radius @racket[radius].}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(regular-polys [n exact-nonnegative-integer?] [s any/c])
|
||||
void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws @scheme[n] regular polys each with @scheme[n] sides centered at
|
||||
Draws @racket[n] regular polys each with @racket[n] sides centered at
|
||||
the turtle.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(radial-turtles [n exact-nonnegative-integer?]) void?]{
|
||||
|
|
@ -143,8 +153,13 @@ same direction as the original turtle.}
|
|||
|
||||
@defproc[(spokes) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws some spokes, using @scheme[radial-turtles] and
|
||||
@scheme[spaced-turtles].}
|
||||
Draws some spokes, using @racket[radial-turtles] and
|
||||
@racket[spaced-turtles].}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(gapped-lines) void?]{
|
||||
Draw a bunch of parallel line segments, using
|
||||
@racket[spaced-turtles].
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(spyro-gyra) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -155,12 +170,12 @@ Draws a spyro-grya reminiscent shape.}
|
|||
As the name says...}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(graphics-bexam) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws a fractal that came up on an exam that the author took.}
|
||||
Draws a fractal that came up on an exam given at Rice in 1997 or so.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@defthing[serp-size real?]{
|
||||
|
||||
A constant that is a good size for the @scheme[serp] procedures.}
|
||||
A constant that is a good size for the @racket[serp] procedures.}
|
||||
|
||||
@deftogether[(
|
||||
@defproc[(serp [serp-size real?]) void?]
|
||||
|
|
@ -168,17 +183,17 @@ A constant that is a good size for the @scheme[serp] procedures.}
|
|||
)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws the @as-index{Serpinski triangle} in two different ways, the
|
||||
first using @scheme[split] heavily. After running the first one, try
|
||||
executing @scheme[(draw 10)].}
|
||||
first using @racket[split] heavily. After running the first one, try
|
||||
executing @racket[(draw 10)].}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defthing[koch-size real?]{
|
||||
|
||||
A constant that is a good size for the @scheme[koch] procedures.}
|
||||
A constant that is a good size for the @racket[koch] procedures.}
|
||||
|
||||
@deftogether[(
|
||||
@defproc[(koch [koch-size real?]) void?]
|
||||
@defproc[(koch-nosplit [koch-size real?]) void?]
|
||||
@defproc[(koch-split [koch-size real?]) void?]
|
||||
@defproc[(koch-draw [koch-size real?]) void?]
|
||||
)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws the same @as-index{Koch snowflake} in two different ways.}
|
||||
|
|
@ -186,23 +201,28 @@ Draws the same @as-index{Koch snowflake} in two different ways.}
|
|||
@defproc[(lorenz [a real?] [b real?] [c real?]) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Watch the @as-index{Lorenz attractor} (a.k.a. @as-index{butterfly attractor})
|
||||
initial values @scheme[a], @scheme[b], and @scheme[c].}
|
||||
initial values @racket[a], @racket[b], and @racket[c].}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(lorenz1) void?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Calls @scheme[lorenze] with good initial values.}
|
||||
Calls @racket[lorenze] with good initial values.}
|
||||
|
||||
@deftogether[(
|
||||
@defproc[(peano1 [peano-size real?]) void?]
|
||||
@defproc[(peano2 [peano-size real?]) void?]
|
||||
)]{
|
||||
@defproc[(peano [peano-size real?]) void?]{
|
||||
Draws the @as-index{Peano space-filling curve}.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Draws the @as-index{Peano space-filling curve}, where @scheme[peano1] uses
|
||||
@scheme[split].}
|
||||
@defproc[(peano-position-turtle) void?]{
|
||||
Moves the turtle to a good place to prepare for
|
||||
a call to @racket[peano].
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@defthing[peano-size exact-nonnegative-integer?]{
|
||||
One size to use with @racket[peano].
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@defthing[fern-size exact-nonnegative-integer?]{
|
||||
|
||||
A good size for the @scheme[fern1] and @scheme[fern2] functions.}
|
||||
A good size for the @racket[fern1] and @racket[fern2] functions.}
|
||||
|
||||
@deftogether[(
|
||||
@defproc[(fern1 [fern-size exact-nonnegative-integer?]) void?]
|
||||
|
|
@ -211,12 +231,12 @@ A good size for the @scheme[fern1] and @scheme[fern2] functions.}
|
|||
|
||||
Draws a @as-index{fern fractal}.
|
||||
|
||||
For @scheme[fern1], you will probably want to point the turtle up
|
||||
For @racket[fern1], you will probably want to point the turtle up
|
||||
before running this one, with something like:
|
||||
|
||||
@schemeblock[
|
||||
@racketblock[
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
For @scheme[fern2], you may need to backup a little.}
|
||||
For @racket[fern2], you may need to backup a little.}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
The value turtles are a variation on traditional turtles. Rather than
|
||||
having just a single window where each operation changes the state of
|
||||
that window, in the @scheme[graphics/value-turtles] library, the
|
||||
that window, in the @racket[graphics/value-turtles] library, the
|
||||
entire turtles window is treated as a value. This means that each of
|
||||
the primitive operations accepts, in addition to the usual arguments,
|
||||
a turtles-window value; instead of returning nothing, each returns a
|
||||
|
|
@ -20,67 +20,113 @@ turtles-window value.
|
|||
[init-x real? (/ width 2)]
|
||||
[init-y real? (/ height 2)]
|
||||
[init-angle real? 0])
|
||||
turtles-window?]{
|
||||
turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Creates a new turtles window with the given @scheme[width] and
|
||||
@scheme[height]. The remaining arguments specify position of the
|
||||
initial turtle and the direction in radians (where @scheme[0] is to
|
||||
Creates a new turtles window with the given @racket[width] and
|
||||
@racket[height]. The remaining arguments specify position of the
|
||||
initial turtle and the direction in radians (where @racket[0] is to
|
||||
the right).}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(move [n real?] [turtles turtles-window?]) turtles-window?]{
|
||||
@defproc[(turtles? [v any/c]) boolean?]{
|
||||
Determines if @racket[v] is a turtles drawing.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(move [n real?] [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Moves the turtle @scheme[n] pixels, returning a new turtles window.}
|
||||
Moves the turtle @racket[n] pixels, returning a new turtles window.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(draw [n real?] [turtles turtles-window?]) turtles-window?]{
|
||||
@defproc[(draw [n real?] [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Moves the turtle @scheme[n] pixels and draws a line along the path,
|
||||
Moves the turtle @racket[n] pixels and draws a line along the path,
|
||||
returning a new turtles window.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(erase [n real?] [turtles turtles-window?]) turtles-window?]{
|
||||
@defproc[(erase [n real?] [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Moves the turtle @scheme[n] pixels and erases a line along the path,
|
||||
Moves the turtle @racket[n] pixels and erases a line along the path,
|
||||
returning a new turtles window.}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@deftogether[(
|
||||
@defproc[(move-offset [h real?] [v real?] [turtles turtles-window?]) turtles-window?]
|
||||
@defproc[(draw-offset [h real?] [v real?] [turtles turtles-window?]) turtles-window?]
|
||||
@defproc[(erase-offset [h real?] [v real?] [turtles turtles-window?]) turtles-window?]
|
||||
@defproc[(move-offset [h real?] [v real?] [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]
|
||||
@defproc[(draw-offset [h real?] [v real?] [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]
|
||||
@defproc[(erase-offset [h real?] [v real?] [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]
|
||||
)]{
|
||||
|
||||
Like @scheme[move], @scheme[draw], and @scheme[erase], but using a
|
||||
Like @racket[move], @racket[draw], and @racket[erase], but using a
|
||||
horizontal and vertical offset from the turtle's current position.}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(turn [theta real?] [turtles turtles-window?]) turtles-window?]{
|
||||
@defproc[(turn [theta real?] [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Turns the turtle @scheme[theta] degrees counter-clockwise, returning a
|
||||
Turns the turtle @racket[theta] degrees counter-clockwise, returning a
|
||||
new turtles window.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(turn/radians [theta real?] [turtles turtles-window?]) turtles-window?]{
|
||||
@defproc[(turn/radians [theta real?] [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Turns the turtle @scheme[theta] radians counter-clockwise, returning a
|
||||
Turns the turtle @racket[theta] radians counter-clockwise, returning a
|
||||
new turtles window.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(merge [turtles1 turtles-window?] [turtles2 turtles-window?]) turtles-window?]{
|
||||
@defproc[(merge [turtles1 turtles?] [turtles2 turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
The @scheme[split] and @scheme[tprompt] forms provided by
|
||||
@schememodname[graphics/turtles] isn't needed for
|
||||
@schememodname[graphics/value-turtles], since the turtles window is a
|
||||
The @racket[split] and @racket[tprompt] forms provided by
|
||||
@racketmodname[graphics/turtles] isn't needed for
|
||||
@racketmodname[graphics/value-turtles], since the turtles window is a
|
||||
value.
|
||||
|
||||
Instead, the @scheme[merge] accepts two turtles windows and combines
|
||||
Instead, the @racket[merge] accepts two turtles windows and combines
|
||||
the state of the two turtles windows into a single window. The new
|
||||
window contains all of the turtles of the previous two windows, but
|
||||
only the line drawings of the first turtles argument.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(clean [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
Produces a turtles like @racket[turtles], but with only a single
|
||||
turtle, positioned in the center.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@; ----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@section[#:tag "value-examples"]{Examples}
|
||||
|
||||
@defmodule[graphics/value-turtles-examples]
|
||||
|
||||
The @schememodname[graphics/value-turtles-examples] library is similar
|
||||
to @schememodname[graphics/turtle-examples], but using
|
||||
@schememodname[graphics/value-turtles] instead of
|
||||
@schememodname[graphics/turtles].
|
||||
The @racketmodname[graphics/turtle-examples] library's source is meant
|
||||
to be read, but it also exports the following examples.
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(radial-turtles [n exact-nonnegative-integer?] [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Places @math{2^n} turtles spaced evenly pointing radially outward.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(spaced-turtles [n exact-nonnegative-integer?] [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Places @math{2^n} turtles evenly spaced in a line and pointing in the
|
||||
same direction as the original turtle.}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(neato [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
As the name says...
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(regular-poly [sides exact-nonnegative-integer?]
|
||||
[radius real?]
|
||||
[turtles turtles?])
|
||||
turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws a regular poly centered at the turtle with @racket[sides] sides
|
||||
and with radius @racket[radius].}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(regular-polys [n exact-nonnegative-integer?]
|
||||
[s any/c]
|
||||
[turtles turtles?])
|
||||
turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws @racket[n] regular polys each with @racket[n] sides centered at
|
||||
the turtle.}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(spokes [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws some spokes, using @racket[radial-turtles] and
|
||||
@racket[spaced-turtles].}
|
||||
|
||||
@defproc[(spyro-gyra [turtles turtles?]) turtles?]{
|
||||
|
||||
Draws a spyro-grya reminiscent shape.}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,310 +1,310 @@
|
|||
(module turtle-examples mzscheme
|
||||
(require mzlib/math
|
||||
mzlib/etc
|
||||
"turtles.ss")
|
||||
(provide regular-poly regular-polys radial-turtles spaced-turtles
|
||||
spokes spyro-gyra neato graphics-bexam serp-size serp serp-nosplit
|
||||
koch-size koch-split koch-draw lorenz lorenz1 peano-size
|
||||
peano-position-turtle peano fern-size fern1 fern2 gapped-lines)
|
||||
|
||||
(define (regular-poly sides radius)
|
||||
(local [(define theta (/ (* 2 pi) sides))
|
||||
(define side-len (* 2 radius (sin (/ theta 2))))
|
||||
(define (draw-sides n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(zero? n) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(draw side-len)
|
||||
(turn/radians theta)
|
||||
(draw-sides (sub1 n))]))]
|
||||
(tprompt (move radius)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (+ pi theta) 2))
|
||||
(draw-sides sides))))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (regular-polys sides s)
|
||||
(local [(define (make-polys n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(zero? n) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(regular-poly sides (* n 5))
|
||||
(make-polys (sub1 n))]))]
|
||||
(make-polys sides)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (radial-turtles n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(zero? n) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(split (turn/radians (/ pi (expt 2 (sub1 n)))))
|
||||
(radial-turtles (sub1 n))]))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (spaced-turtles n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(zero? n) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(split (move (expt 2 (+ n 1))))
|
||||
(spaced-turtles (sub1 n))]))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (spokes)
|
||||
#lang racket
|
||||
|
||||
(require graphics/turtles)
|
||||
|
||||
(provide regular-poly regular-polys radial-turtles spaced-turtles
|
||||
spokes spyro-gyra neato graphics-bexam serp-size serp serp-nosplit
|
||||
koch-size koch-split koch-draw lorenz lorenz1 peano-size
|
||||
peano-position-turtle peano fern-size fern1 fern2 gapped-lines)
|
||||
|
||||
(define (regular-poly sides radius)
|
||||
(local [(define theta (/ (* 2 pi) sides))
|
||||
(define side-len (* 2 radius (sin (/ theta 2))))
|
||||
(define (draw-sides n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(zero? n) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(draw side-len)
|
||||
(turn/radians theta)
|
||||
(draw-sides (sub1 n))]))]
|
||||
(tprompt (move radius)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (+ pi theta) 2))
|
||||
(draw-sides sides))))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (regular-polys sides s)
|
||||
(local [(define (make-polys n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(zero? n) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(regular-poly sides (* n 5))
|
||||
(make-polys (sub1 n))]))]
|
||||
(make-polys sides)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (radial-turtles n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(zero? n) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(split (turn/radians (/ pi (expt 2 (sub1 n)))))
|
||||
(radial-turtles (sub1 n))]))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (spaced-turtles n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(zero? n) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(split (move (expt 2 (+ n 1))))
|
||||
(spaced-turtles (sub1 n))]))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (spokes)
|
||||
(radial-turtles 4)
|
||||
(spaced-turtles 5)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(draw 10))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (spyro-gyra)
|
||||
(radial-turtles 4)
|
||||
(regular-poly 3 100))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (neato)
|
||||
(local [(define (spiral d t)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(<= 1 d)
|
||||
(draw d)
|
||||
(turn/radians t)
|
||||
(spiral (- d 1) t)]
|
||||
[else (void)]))]
|
||||
(radial-turtles 4)
|
||||
(spaced-turtles 5)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(draw 10))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (spyro-gyra)
|
||||
(radial-turtles 4)
|
||||
(regular-poly 3 100))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (neato)
|
||||
(local [(define (spiral d t)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(<= 1 d)
|
||||
(draw d)
|
||||
(turn/radians t)
|
||||
(spiral (- d 1) t)]
|
||||
[else (void)]))]
|
||||
(radial-turtles 4)
|
||||
(spiral 30 (/ pi 12))))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (graphics-bexam)
|
||||
(local [(define (gb d)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(<= d 3)
|
||||
(draw d)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(local [(define new-d (/ d 3))]
|
||||
(gb new-d)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(gb new-d)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(gb new-d)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(gb new-d)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(gb new-d))]))
|
||||
(define square-size (expt 3 5))]
|
||||
(split (turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(move square-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(move square-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi))
|
||||
(split (move square-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(gb square-size)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define serp-size 120)
|
||||
|
||||
(define (serp distance)
|
||||
(local [(define sqrt3 (sqrt 3))
|
||||
(define -2pi/3 (- 0 (/ (* 2 pi) 3)))
|
||||
(define pi/6 (/ pi 6))
|
||||
(define -5pi/6 (- 0 (/ (* 5 pi) 6)))
|
||||
(define pi/2 (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(define (engine distance)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(< distance 1) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(local [(define side-half (* distance sqrt3))
|
||||
(define side (* 2 side-half))]
|
||||
(turn/radians -2pi/3)
|
||||
(move distance)
|
||||
(split (move distance)
|
||||
(turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(draw side)
|
||||
(turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(move distance)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)
|
||||
(split (turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(move side-half)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi/6)))
|
||||
(engine (/ distance 2)))]))]
|
||||
(move (* 2 distance))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 5 pi) 6))
|
||||
(draw (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(move (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(draw (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 6))
|
||||
(move (* 2 distance))
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)
|
||||
(engine distance)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (serp-nosplit distance)
|
||||
(local [(define sqrt3 (sqrt 3))
|
||||
(define -2pi/3 (- 0 (/ (* 2 pi) 3)))
|
||||
(define pi/6 (/ pi 6))
|
||||
(define -5pi/6 (- 0 (/ (* 5 pi) 6)))
|
||||
(define pi/2 (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(define (engine distance)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(< distance 1) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(local [(define side-half (* distance sqrt3))
|
||||
(define side (* 2 side-half))]
|
||||
(turn/radians -2pi/3)
|
||||
(move distance)
|
||||
(engine (/ distance 2))
|
||||
(move distance)
|
||||
(turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(draw side)
|
||||
(turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(move distance)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)
|
||||
(engine (/ distance 2))
|
||||
(turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(move side-half)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi/6)
|
||||
(engine (/ distance 2))
|
||||
(move (- distance)))]))]
|
||||
(move (* 2 distance))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 5 pi) 6))
|
||||
(draw (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(move (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(draw (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 6))
|
||||
(move (* 2 distance))
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)
|
||||
(engine distance)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define koch-size (expt 3 5))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (koch-split koch-size)
|
||||
(local [(define (build-up-turtles n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(<= n 3) 'built]
|
||||
[else (local [(define third (/ n 3))]
|
||||
(split* 'stay-put
|
||||
(move (* 2 third))
|
||||
(begin (move third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 3))))
|
||||
(begin (move third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 3)))
|
||||
(move third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (* 2 (/ pi 3)))))
|
||||
(build-up-turtles third))]))]
|
||||
(split* 'stay-put
|
||||
(begin (move koch-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3)))
|
||||
(begin (turn/radians (/ pi 3))
|
||||
(move koch-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)))
|
||||
(build-up-turtles koch-size)
|
||||
(draw 3)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (koch-draw koch-size)
|
||||
(local [(define (side n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(<= n 3) (draw n)]
|
||||
[else (local [(define third (/ n 3))]
|
||||
(side third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 3)))
|
||||
(side third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (* 2 (/ pi 3)))
|
||||
(side third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 3)))
|
||||
(side third))]))]
|
||||
(split* 'stay-put
|
||||
(begin (move koch-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3)))
|
||||
(begin (turn/radians (/ pi 3))
|
||||
(move koch-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)))
|
||||
(side koch-size)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (lorenz a b c)
|
||||
(local [(define (loop x y z)
|
||||
(local [(define delta 0.01)
|
||||
(define dx (* delta (* a (- y x))))
|
||||
(define dy (* delta (- (* x b) y (* x z))))
|
||||
(define dz (* delta (- (* x y) (* c z))))]
|
||||
(draw-offset dx dz)
|
||||
(sleep 0.05)
|
||||
(erase-offset (- dx) (- dz))
|
||||
(move-offset dx dz)
|
||||
(loop (+ x dx)
|
||||
(+ y dy)
|
||||
(+ z dz))))]
|
||||
(loop 1 1 1)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (lorenz1) (lorenz 50 60 11))
|
||||
|
||||
(define peano-size (expt 3 6))
|
||||
(define (peano-position-turtle)
|
||||
(clear)
|
||||
(move -270)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(move 250)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ (* 3 pi) 4))))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (peano l)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(<= l 3)
|
||||
(draw l)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(local [(define new-l (/ l 3))]
|
||||
(peano new-l)
|
||||
(tprompt (peano new-l)
|
||||
(split* (turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2))))
|
||||
(peano new-l))
|
||||
(tprompt (split* (turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2))))
|
||||
(peano new-l))
|
||||
(tprompt (split* (move new-l)
|
||||
(begin (turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(move new-l)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2))))
|
||||
(begin (turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(move new-l)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))))
|
||||
(peano l))
|
||||
(move (* 2 new-l)))]))
|
||||
|
||||
(define fern-size 30)
|
||||
|
||||
(define (fern1 n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(< 1 n)
|
||||
(draw (/ n 2))
|
||||
(tprompt (split* (turn/radians (/ pi 3))
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 3))))
|
||||
(fern1 (/ n 2)))
|
||||
(draw (/ n 2))
|
||||
(turn/radians 0.08)
|
||||
(fern1 (- n 1))]
|
||||
[else (void)]))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
;; need to backup a little for this one.
|
||||
(define (fern2 n)
|
||||
(local [(define d 0.04)
|
||||
(define (fernd n sign)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(< 1 n)
|
||||
(draw (/ n 2))
|
||||
(tprompt (turn/radians (/ pi 3))
|
||||
(fernd (/ n 2) -))
|
||||
(tprompt (turn/radians (- (/ pi 3)))
|
||||
(fernd (/ n 2) +))
|
||||
(draw (/ n 2))
|
||||
(turn/radians (sign d))
|
||||
(fernd (- n 1) sign)]
|
||||
[else (void)]))]
|
||||
(fernd n +)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (gapped-lines)
|
||||
(local [(define gaps 5)
|
||||
(define lines 3)]
|
||||
(tprompt
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(spaced-turtles lines)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(draw (* 4 (expt 2 gaps))))
|
||||
(tprompt
|
||||
(spaced-turtles gaps)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(erase (* 4 (expt 2 lines)))))))
|
||||
(spiral 30 (/ pi 12))))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (graphics-bexam)
|
||||
(local [(define (gb d)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(<= d 3)
|
||||
(draw d)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(local [(define new-d (/ d 3))]
|
||||
(gb new-d)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(gb new-d)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(gb new-d)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(gb new-d)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(gb new-d))]))
|
||||
(define square-size (expt 3 5))]
|
||||
(split (turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(move square-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(move square-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi))
|
||||
(split (move square-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(gb square-size)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define serp-size 120)
|
||||
|
||||
(define (serp distance)
|
||||
(local [(define sqrt3 (sqrt 3))
|
||||
(define -2pi/3 (- 0 (/ (* 2 pi) 3)))
|
||||
(define pi/6 (/ pi 6))
|
||||
(define -5pi/6 (- 0 (/ (* 5 pi) 6)))
|
||||
(define pi/2 (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(define (engine distance)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(< distance 1) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(local [(define side-half (* distance sqrt3))
|
||||
(define side (* 2 side-half))]
|
||||
(turn/radians -2pi/3)
|
||||
(move distance)
|
||||
(split (move distance)
|
||||
(turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(draw side)
|
||||
(turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(move distance)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)
|
||||
(split (turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(move side-half)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi/6)))
|
||||
(engine (/ distance 2)))]))]
|
||||
(move (* 2 distance))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 5 pi) 6))
|
||||
(draw (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(move (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(draw (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 6))
|
||||
(move (* 2 distance))
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)
|
||||
(engine distance)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (serp-nosplit distance)
|
||||
(local [(define sqrt3 (sqrt 3))
|
||||
(define -2pi/3 (- 0 (/ (* 2 pi) 3)))
|
||||
(define pi/6 (/ pi 6))
|
||||
(define -5pi/6 (- 0 (/ (* 5 pi) 6)))
|
||||
(define pi/2 (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(define (engine distance)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(< distance 1) (void)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(local [(define side-half (* distance sqrt3))
|
||||
(define side (* 2 side-half))]
|
||||
(turn/radians -2pi/3)
|
||||
(move distance)
|
||||
(engine (/ distance 2))
|
||||
(move distance)
|
||||
(turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(draw side)
|
||||
(turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(move distance)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)
|
||||
(engine (/ distance 2))
|
||||
(turn/radians -5pi/6)
|
||||
(move side-half)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi/6)
|
||||
(engine (/ distance 2))
|
||||
(move (- distance)))]))]
|
||||
(move (* 2 distance))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 5 pi) 6))
|
||||
(draw (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(move (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(draw (* distance 2 (sqrt 3)))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3))
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 6))
|
||||
(move (* 2 distance))
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)
|
||||
(engine distance)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define koch-size (expt 3 5))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (koch-split koch-size)
|
||||
(local [(define (build-up-turtles n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(<= n 3) 'built]
|
||||
[else (local [(define third (/ n 3))]
|
||||
(split* 'stay-put
|
||||
(move (* 2 third))
|
||||
(begin (move third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 3))))
|
||||
(begin (move third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 3)))
|
||||
(move third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (* 2 (/ pi 3)))))
|
||||
(build-up-turtles third))]))]
|
||||
(split* 'stay-put
|
||||
(begin (move koch-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3)))
|
||||
(begin (turn/radians (/ pi 3))
|
||||
(move koch-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)))
|
||||
(build-up-turtles koch-size)
|
||||
(draw 3)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (koch-draw koch-size)
|
||||
(local [(define (side n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(<= n 3) (draw n)]
|
||||
[else (local [(define third (/ n 3))]
|
||||
(side third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 3)))
|
||||
(side third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (* 2 (/ pi 3)))
|
||||
(side third)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 3)))
|
||||
(side third))]))]
|
||||
(split* 'stay-put
|
||||
(begin (move koch-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ (* 2 pi) 3)))
|
||||
(begin (turn/radians (/ pi 3))
|
||||
(move koch-size)
|
||||
(turn/radians pi)))
|
||||
(side koch-size)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (lorenz a b c)
|
||||
(local [(define (loop x y z)
|
||||
(local [(define delta 0.01)
|
||||
(define dx (* delta (* a (- y x))))
|
||||
(define dy (* delta (- (* x b) y (* x z))))
|
||||
(define dz (* delta (- (* x y) (* c z))))]
|
||||
(draw-offset dx dz)
|
||||
(sleep 0.05)
|
||||
(erase-offset (- dx) (- dz))
|
||||
(move-offset dx dz)
|
||||
(loop (+ x dx)
|
||||
(+ y dy)
|
||||
(+ z dz))))]
|
||||
(loop 1 1 1)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (lorenz1) (lorenz 50 60 11))
|
||||
|
||||
(define peano-size (expt 3 6))
|
||||
(define (peano-position-turtle)
|
||||
(clear)
|
||||
(move -270)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(move 250)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ (* 3 pi) 4))))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (peano l)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(<= l 3)
|
||||
(draw l)]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(local [(define new-l (/ l 3))]
|
||||
(peano new-l)
|
||||
(tprompt (peano new-l)
|
||||
(split* (turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2))))
|
||||
(peano new-l))
|
||||
(tprompt (split* (turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2))))
|
||||
(peano new-l))
|
||||
(tprompt (split* (move new-l)
|
||||
(begin (turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(move new-l)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2))))
|
||||
(begin (turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(move new-l)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))))
|
||||
(peano l))
|
||||
(move (* 2 new-l)))]))
|
||||
|
||||
(define fern-size 30)
|
||||
|
||||
(define (fern1 n)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(< 1 n)
|
||||
(draw (/ n 2))
|
||||
(tprompt (split* (turn/radians (/ pi 3))
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 3))))
|
||||
(fern1 (/ n 2)))
|
||||
(draw (/ n 2))
|
||||
(turn/radians 0.08)
|
||||
(fern1 (- n 1))]
|
||||
[else (void)]))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
;; need to backup a little for this one.
|
||||
(define (fern2 n)
|
||||
(local [(define d 0.04)
|
||||
(define (fernd n sign)
|
||||
(cond
|
||||
[(< 1 n)
|
||||
(draw (/ n 2))
|
||||
(tprompt (turn/radians (/ pi 3))
|
||||
(fernd (/ n 2) -))
|
||||
(tprompt (turn/radians (- (/ pi 3)))
|
||||
(fernd (/ n 2) +))
|
||||
(draw (/ n 2))
|
||||
(turn/radians (sign d))
|
||||
(fernd (- n 1) sign)]
|
||||
[else (void)]))]
|
||||
(fernd n +)))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (gapped-lines)
|
||||
(local [(define gaps 5)
|
||||
(define lines 3)]
|
||||
(tprompt
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(spaced-turtles lines)
|
||||
(turn/radians (- (/ pi 2)))
|
||||
(draw (* 4 (expt 2 gaps))))
|
||||
(tprompt
|
||||
(spaced-turtles gaps)
|
||||
(turn/radians (/ pi 2))
|
||||
(erase (* 4 (expt 2 lines))))))
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
|
|||
#lang scheme
|
||||
#lang racket/base
|
||||
|
||||
(require (prefix-in mred: mred)
|
||||
(require racket/gui/base
|
||||
(for-syntax racket/base)
|
||||
mzlib/class
|
||||
mzlib/class100
|
||||
mzlib/list
|
||||
|
|
@ -15,10 +16,8 @@
|
|||
|
||||
save-turtle-bitmap
|
||||
|
||||
splitfn split*fn tpromptfn
|
||||
turtle-window-size
|
||||
|
||||
display-lines-in-drawing
|
||||
split split* tprompt)
|
||||
|
||||
(define turtles:window #f)
|
||||
|
|
@ -27,11 +26,11 @@
|
|||
(define pi 3.141592653589793)
|
||||
(define pi/2 (/ pi 2))
|
||||
|
||||
(define icon-pen (send mred:the-pen-list find-or-create-pen "SALMON" 1 'xor))
|
||||
(define icon-brush (send mred:the-brush-list find-or-create-brush "SALMON" 'xor))
|
||||
(define blank-pen (send mred:the-pen-list find-or-create-pen "BLACK" 1 'transparent))
|
||||
(define w-pen (send mred:the-pen-list find-or-create-pen "white" 1 'solid))
|
||||
(define b-pen (send mred:the-pen-list find-or-create-pen "black" 1 'solid))
|
||||
(define icon-pen (send the-pen-list find-or-create-pen "SALMON" 1 'solid))
|
||||
(define icon-brush (send the-brush-list find-or-create-brush "SALMON" 'solid))
|
||||
(define blank-pen (send the-pen-list find-or-create-pen "BLACK" 1 'transparent))
|
||||
(define w-pen (send the-pen-list find-or-create-pen "white" 1 'solid))
|
||||
(define b-pen (send the-pen-list find-or-create-pen "black" 1 'solid))
|
||||
|
||||
(define show-turtle-icons? #t)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -39,17 +38,17 @@
|
|||
(define turtle-style 'triangle)
|
||||
|
||||
(define plot-window%
|
||||
(class100 mred:frame% (name width height)
|
||||
(class100 frame% (name width height)
|
||||
|
||||
(private-field
|
||||
[bitmap (make-object mred:bitmap% width height #t)])
|
||||
[bitmap (make-bitmap width height)])
|
||||
|
||||
(inherit show)
|
||||
(private-field
|
||||
[memory-dc (make-object mred:bitmap-dc%)]
|
||||
[pl (make-object mred:point% 0 0)]
|
||||
[pr (make-object mred:point% 0 0)]
|
||||
[ph (make-object mred:point% 0 0)]
|
||||
[memory-dc (make-object bitmap-dc%)]
|
||||
[pl (make-object point% 0 0)]
|
||||
[pr (make-object point% 0 0)]
|
||||
[ph (make-object point% 0 0)]
|
||||
[points (list pl pr ph)])
|
||||
(public
|
||||
[get-canvas
|
||||
|
|
@ -103,20 +102,21 @@
|
|||
(sequence
|
||||
(send memory-dc set-bitmap bitmap)
|
||||
(send memory-dc clear)
|
||||
(send memory-dc set-smoothing 'aligned)
|
||||
(super-init name #f width height))
|
||||
|
||||
(public
|
||||
[on-menu-command (lambda (op) (turtles #f))])
|
||||
(private-field
|
||||
[menu-bar (make-object mred:menu-bar% this)]
|
||||
[file-menu (make-object mred:menu% "File" menu-bar)])
|
||||
[menu-bar (make-object menu-bar% this)]
|
||||
[file-menu (make-object menu% "File" menu-bar)])
|
||||
(sequence
|
||||
(make-object mred:menu-item%
|
||||
(make-object menu-item%
|
||||
"Print"
|
||||
file-menu
|
||||
(lambda (_1 _2)
|
||||
(print)))
|
||||
(make-object mred:menu-item%
|
||||
(make-object menu-item%
|
||||
"Close"
|
||||
file-menu
|
||||
(lambda (_1 _2)
|
||||
|
|
@ -128,8 +128,8 @@
|
|||
(send bitmap save-file fn type))])
|
||||
|
||||
(private-field
|
||||
[canvas%
|
||||
(class100 mred:canvas% args
|
||||
[t-canvas%
|
||||
(class100 canvas% args
|
||||
(inherit get-dc)
|
||||
(override
|
||||
[on-paint
|
||||
|
|
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
|
|||
(send dc draw-bitmap (send memory-dc get-bitmap) 0 0)
|
||||
(flip-icons)))])
|
||||
(sequence (apply super-init args)))]
|
||||
[canvas (make-object canvas% this)]
|
||||
[canvas (make-object t-canvas% this)]
|
||||
[dc (send canvas get-dc)])
|
||||
|
||||
(public
|
||||
|
|
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
|
|||
(send this clear))))
|
||||
|
||||
(define turtle-window-size
|
||||
(let-values ([(w h) (mred:get-display-size)]
|
||||
(let-values ([(w h) (get-display-size)]
|
||||
[(user/client-offset) 65]
|
||||
[(default-size) 800])
|
||||
(min default-size
|
||||
|
|
@ -449,7 +449,7 @@
|
|||
;; used to test printing
|
||||
(define (display-lines-in-drawing)
|
||||
(let* ([lines-in-drawing-canvas%
|
||||
(class100 mred:canvas% (frame)
|
||||
(class100 canvas% (frame)
|
||||
(inherit get-dc)
|
||||
(override
|
||||
[on-paint
|
||||
|
|
@ -457,30 +457,30 @@
|
|||
(draw-lines-into-dc (get-dc)))])
|
||||
(sequence
|
||||
(super-init frame)))]
|
||||
[frame (make-object mred:frame% "Lines in Drawing")]
|
||||
[frame (make-object frame% "Lines in Drawing")]
|
||||
[canvas (make-object lines-in-drawing-canvas% frame)])
|
||||
(send frame show #t)))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
(define (print)
|
||||
(case (system-type)
|
||||
[(macos macosx windows)
|
||||
(let ([dc (make-object mred:printer-dc%)])
|
||||
[(macosx windows)
|
||||
(let ([dc (make-object printer-dc%)])
|
||||
(send dc start-doc "Turtles")
|
||||
(send dc start-page)
|
||||
(draw-lines-into-dc dc)
|
||||
(send dc end-page)
|
||||
(send dc end-doc))]
|
||||
[(unix)
|
||||
(let ([dc (make-object mred:post-script-dc%)])
|
||||
(let ([dc (make-object post-script-dc%)])
|
||||
(send dc start-doc "Turtles")
|
||||
(send dc start-page)
|
||||
(draw-lines-into-dc dc)
|
||||
(send dc end-page)
|
||||
(send dc end-doc))]
|
||||
[else
|
||||
(mred:message-box "Turtles"
|
||||
"Printing is not supported on this platform")]))
|
||||
(message-box "Turtles"
|
||||
"Printing is not supported on this platform")]))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
(define-syntaxes (split)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
|
|||
(all-except mzlib/list merge)
|
||||
mzlib/struct)
|
||||
|
||||
(provide turtles move draw turn turn/radians merge clean)
|
||||
(provide turtles move draw turn turn/radians merge clean turtles?)
|
||||
|
||||
;; a turtle is:
|
||||
;; - (make-turtle x y theta)
|
||||
|
|
@ -339,6 +339,8 @@
|
|||
(quotient height 2)
|
||||
0)]))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (turtles? x) (is-a? x turtle-snip%))
|
||||
|
||||
(define (move d tv) (send tv move-op d))
|
||||
(define (draw d tv) (send tv draw-op d))
|
||||
(define (turn/radians d tv) (send tv turn-op d))
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user