diff --git a/pkgs/racket-test-core/tests/racket/optimize.rktl b/pkgs/racket-test-core/tests/racket/optimize.rktl
index 22169fe51a..a420f46f1e 100644
--- a/pkgs/racket-test-core/tests/racket/optimize.rktl
+++ b/pkgs/racket-test-core/tests/racket/optimize.rktl
@@ -3387,6 +3387,20 @@
                 #t))
            #f)
 
+;; Make sure that `bitwise-and` is known to return a fixnum for non-negative
+;; fixnum arguments but not for a negative one
+
+(test-comp '(lambda (x)
+             (bitwise-ior (bitwise-and x 7) 1))
+           '(lambda (x)
+             (unsafe-fxior (bitwise-and x 7) 1)))
+(test-comp '(lambda (x)
+             (bitwise-ior (bitwise-and x -7) 1))
+           '(lambda (x)
+             (unsafe-fxior (bitwise-and x -7) 1))
+           #f)
+
+
 (test-comp `(lambda (x)
               (thread (lambda () (set! x 5)))
               (if (pair? x)
@@ -6260,7 +6274,6 @@
         (set! f f)
         ((car f))))
 
-
 ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
 (report-errs)
diff --git a/racket/src/racket/src/optimize.c b/racket/src/racket/src/optimize.c
index aed58db676..7dc9bbcac7 100644
--- a/racket/src/racket/src/optimize.c
+++ b/racket/src/racket/src/optimize.c
@@ -3029,12 +3029,16 @@ static Scheme_Object *do_expr_implies_predicate(Scheme_Object *expr, Optimize_In
           && IS_NAMED_PRIM(app->rator, "bitwise-and")) {
          /* Assume that a fixnum argument to bitwise-and will never get lost,
             and so the validator will be able to confirm that a `bitwise-and`
-            combination produces a fixnum. */
+            combination produces a fixnum if either argument is a literal,
+            nonnegative fixnum. */
          if ((SCHEME_INTP(app->rand1)
+              && (SCHEME_INT_VAL(app->rand1) >= 0)
               && IN_FIXNUM_RANGE_ON_ALL_PLATFORMS(SCHEME_INT_VAL(app->rand1)))
              || (SCHEME_INTP(app->rand2)
-                 && IN_FIXNUM_RANGE_ON_ALL_PLATFORMS(SCHEME_INT_VAL(app->rand2))))
+                 && (SCHEME_INT_VAL(app->rand2) >= 0)
+                 && IN_FIXNUM_RANGE_ON_ALL_PLATFORMS(SCHEME_INT_VAL(app->rand2)))) {
            return scheme_fixnum_p_proc;
+         }
       }
 
       if (SCHEME_PRIMP(app->rator)