expnder: fix problem with nested instantiation

A use of `local-expand` and other things in a module's phase-1
instantiation could trigger a nested attempt to instantiate a module.

pkgs/racket-test-core/tests/racket/module.rktl

@@ -3117,6 +3117,32 @@ case of module-leve bindings; it doesn't cover local bindings.
     (test 0 length vals)
     (test 1 length stxes)))
 
+;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Check that a `local-expand`-triggered lazy instantiation does not
+;; re-enter an instantiation that is already in progress
+
+(module uses-local-expand-at-phase-1-instantiation racket/base
+  (require (for-syntax racket/base
+                       (for-syntax racket/base)))
+  (provide (for-syntax true))
+  (struct Π- (X))
+  (begin-for-syntax
+    (define TY/internal+ (local-expand #'Π- 'expression null))
+    (define true (lambda (x) #t))))
+
+(module imports-uses-local-expand-at-phase-1-instantiation racket/base
+  (require (for-syntax racket/base)
+           'uses-local-expand-at-phase-1-instantiation)
+  (provide #%module-begin)
+  (define-for-syntax predicate true))
+
+(module lang-is-imports-uses-local-expand 'imports-uses-local-expand-at-phase-1-instantiation)
+
+(let ()
+  ;; important that both of these are in the same top-level evaluation:
+  (test (void) namespace-require ''lang-is-imports-uses-local-expand)
+  (test #t namespace? (module->namespace ''lang-is-imports-uses-local-expand)))
+
 ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
 (report-errs)

racket/src/expander/namespace/module.rkt

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 (struct module-instance (namespace
                          module                        ; can be #f for the module being expanded
                          [shifted-requires #:mutable]  ; computed on demand; shifted from `module-requires`
-                         phase-level-to-state          ; phase-level -> #f, 'available, or 'started
+                         phase-level-to-state          ; phase-level -> #f, 'available, 'trying-to-start, or 'started
                          [made-available? #:mutable]   ; no #f in `phase-level-to-state`?
                          [attached? #:mutable]         ; whether the instance has been attached elsewhere
                          data-box)                     ; for use by module implementation
@@ -417,7 +417,9 @@
    (define instance-phase (namespace-0-phase m-ns))
    (define run-phase-level (phase- run-phase instance-phase))
    (unless (and (or skip-run?
-                    (eq? 'started (small-hash-ref (module-instance-phase-level-to-state mi) run-phase-level #f)))
+                    (let ([v (small-hash-ref (module-instance-phase-level-to-state mi) run-phase-level #f)])
+                      (or (eq? 'started v)
+                          (eq? 'trying-to-start v))))
                 (or (not otherwise-available?)
                     (module-instance-made-available? mi)))
      ;; Something to do...
@@ -431,6 +433,13 @@
      (when (hash-ref seen mi #f)
        (error 'require "import cycle detected during module instantiation"))
 
+     (unless (or skip-run?
+                 (eq? (small-hash-ref (module-instance-phase-level-to-state mi) run-phase-level #f) 'started))
+       ;; In case instantiating imported modules does something that triggers
+       ;; a force of available modules, make sure we don't try to instantiate
+       ;; while we're in the process of instantiating:
+       (small-hash-set! (module-instance-phase-level-to-state mi) run-phase-level 'trying-to-start))
+
      ;; If we haven't shifted required mpis already, do that
      (unless (module-instance-shifted-requires mi)
        (set-module-instance-shifted-requires!

racket/src/racket/src/startup.inc

@@ -14212,12 +14212,13 @@ static const char *startup_source =
 "(if(if(let-values(((or-part_0) skip-run?_0))"
 "(if or-part_0"
 " or-part_0"
-"(eq?"
+"(let-values(((v_0)"
-" 'started"
 "(small-hash-ref"
 "(module-instance-phase-level-to-state mi_0)"
 " run-phase-level_0"
-" #f))))"
+" #f)))"
+"(let-values(((or-part_1)(eq? 'started v_0)))"
+"(if or-part_1 or-part_1(eq? 'trying-to-start v_0))))))"
 "(let-values(((or-part_0)(not otherwise-available?_0)))"
 "(if or-part_0 or-part_0(module-instance-made-available? mi_0)))"
 " #f)"
@@ -14244,6 +14245,21 @@ static const char *startup_source =
 " 'require"
 "                                                     \"import cycle detected during module instantiation\"))"
 "(void))"
+"(if(let-values(((or-part_0) skip-run?_0))"
+"(if or-part_0"
+" or-part_0"
+"(eq?"
+"(small-hash-ref"
+"(module-instance-phase-level-to-state mi_0)"
+" run-phase-level_0"
+" #f)"
+" 'started)))"
+"(void)"
+"(let-values()"
+"(small-hash-set!"
+"(module-instance-phase-level-to-state mi_0)"
+" run-phase-level_0"
+" 'trying-to-start)))"
 "(if(module-instance-shifted-requires mi_0)"
 "(void)"
 "(let-values()"