racket/collects/net/uri-codec-unit.ss
Matthew Flatt de84c91d1a URI query tags case-sensitive
svn: r262
2005-06-28 19:57:19 +00:00

293 lines
10 KiB
Scheme

;;;
;;; <uri-codec-unit.ss> ---- En/Decode URLs and form-urlencoded data
;;; Time-stamp: <03/04/25 10:31:31 noel>
;;;
;;; Copyright (C) 2002 by Noel Welsh.
;;;
;;; This file is part of Net.
;;; Net is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
;;; modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
;;; License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
;;; version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
;;; Net is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
;;; Lesser General Public License for more details.
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
;;; License along with Net; if not, write to the Free Software
;;; Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
;;; Author: Noel Welsh <noelwelsh@yahoo.com>
;;
;;
;; Commentary:
;; The module provides functions to encode and decode strings using
;; the URI encoding rules given in RFC 2396, and to encode and decode
;; name/value pairs using the application/x-www-form-urlencoded
;; mimetype given the in HTML 4.0 specification. There are minor
;; differences between the two encodings.
;; The URI encoding uses allows a few characters to be represented `as
;; is': a-Z, A-Z, 0-9, -, _, ., !, ~, *, ', ( and ). The remaining
;; characters are encoded as %xx, where xx is the hex representation
;; of the integer value of the character (where the mapping
;; character<->integer is determined by US-ASCII if the integer is
;; <128).
;; The encoding, inline with RFC 2396's recommendation, represents a
;; character as is, if possible. The decoding allows any characters
;; to be represented by their hex values, and allows characters to be
;; incorrectly represented `as is'.
;; The rules for the application/x-www-form-urlencoded mimetype given
;; in the HTML 4.0 spec are:
;; 1. Control names and values are escaped. Space characters are
;; replaced by `+', and then reserved characters are escaped as
;; described in [RFC1738], section 2.2: Non-alphanumeric characters
;; are replaced by `%HH', a percent sign and two hexadecimal digits
;; representing the ASCII code of the character. Line breaks are
;; represented as "CR LF" pairs (i.e., `%0D%0A').
;; 2. The control names/values are listed in the order they appear
;; in the document. The name is separated from the value by `=' and
;; name/value pairs are separated from each other by `&'.
;; NB: RFC 2396 supersedes RFC 1738.
;; This differs slightly from the straight encoding in RFC 2396 in
;; that `+' is allowed, and represents a space. We follow this
;; convention, encoding a space as `+' and decoding `+' as a space.
;; There appear to be some brain-dead decoders on the web, so we also
;; encode `!', `~', `'', `(' and ')' using their hex representation.
;; This is the same choice as made by the Java URLEncoder.
;; Draws inspiration from encode-decode.scm by Kurt Normark and a code
;; sample provided by Eli Barzilay
(module uri-codec-unit mzscheme
(require (lib "unitsig.ss")
(lib "match.ss")
(lib "string.ss")
(lib "etc.ss")
"uri-codec-sig.ss")
(provide uri-codec@)
;; Macro to loop over integers from n (inclusive) to m (exclusive)
;; Extracted from iteration.ss in macro package at Schematics
(define-syntax for
(syntax-rules ()
((for (i n m) forms ...)
(let ((fixed-m m))
(let loop ((i n))
(if (< i fixed-m)
(begin
forms ...
(loop (+ i 1)))))))))
(define uri-codec@
(unit/sig net:uri-codec^
(import)
;; The characters that always map to themselves
(define alphanumeric-mapping
(map (lambda (char)
(cons char char))
'(#\0 #\1 #\2 #\3 #\4 #\5 #\6 #\7 #\8 #\9
#\A #\B #\C #\D #\E #\F #\G #\H #\I #\J
#\K #\L #\M #\N #\O #\P #\Q #\R #\S #\T
#\U #\V #\W #\X #\Y #\Z #\a #\b #\c #\d
#\e #\f #\g #\h #\i #\j #\k #\l #\m #\n
#\o #\p #\q #\r #\s #\t #\u #\v #\w #\x
#\y #\z)))
;; Characters that sometimes map to themselves
(define safe-mapping
(map (lambda (char)
(cons char char))
'(#\- #\_ #\. #\! #\~ #\* #\' #\( #\))))
;; The strict URI mapping
(define uri-mapping
(append alphanumeric-mapping safe-mapping))
;; The form-urlencoded mapping
(define form-urlencoded-mapping
(append '((#\. . #\.)
(#\- . #\-)
(#\* . #\*)
(#\_ . #\_)
(#\space . #\+))
alphanumeric-mapping))
(define (number->hex-string number)
(let ((hex (number->string number 16)))
(string-append "%"
(if (= (string-length hex) 1)
(string-append "0" hex)
hex))))
(define (hex-string->number hex-string)
(string->number (substring hex-string 1 3) 16))
;; (listof (cons char char)) -> (values (vectorof string) (vectorof string))
(define (make-codec-tables alist)
(let ((encoding-table (make-vector 256 ""))
(decoding-table (make-vector 256 0)))
(for (i 0 256)
(vector-set! encoding-table i (number->hex-string i))
(vector-set! decoding-table i i))
(for-each (match-lambda
[(orig . enc)
(vector-set! encoding-table
(char->integer orig)
(string enc))
(vector-set! decoding-table
(char->integer enc)
(char->integer orig))])
alist)
(values encoding-table decoding-table)))
(define-values (uri-encoding-vector uri-decoding-vector)
(make-codec-tables uri-mapping))
(define-values (form-urlencoded-encoding-vector
form-urlencoded-decoding-vector)
(make-codec-tables form-urlencoded-mapping))
;; vector string -> string
(define (encode table str)
(apply string-append
(map (lambda (byte)
(vector-ref table byte))
(bytes->list (string->bytes/utf-8 str)))))
;; vector string -> string
(define (decode table str)
(define internal-decode
(match-lambda
[() (list)]
[(#\% (? hex-digit? char1) (? hex-digit? char2) . rest)
;; This used to consult the table again, but I think that's
;; wrong. For exmaple %2b should produce +, not a space.
(cons (string->number (string char1 char2) 16)
(internal-decode rest))]
[(char . rest)
(cons
(vector-ref table
(char->integer char))
(internal-decode rest))]))
(bytes->string/utf-8
(apply bytes (internal-decode (string->list str)))))
(define (hex-digit? c)
(or (char<=? #\0 c #\9)
(char<=? #\a c #\f)
(char<=? #\A c #\F)))
;; string -> string
(define (uri-encode str)
(encode uri-encoding-vector str))
;; string -> string
(define (uri-decode str)
(decode uri-decoding-vector str))
;; string -> string
(define (form-urlencoded-encode str)
(encode form-urlencoded-encoding-vector str))
;; string -> string
(define (form-urlencoded-decode str)
(decode form-urlencoded-decoding-vector str))
;; listof (cons string string) -> string
;; http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/notes.html#ampersands-in-uris
;; listof (cons symbol string) -> string
(define alist->form-urlencoded
(opt-lambda (args)
(let* ([mode (current-alist-separator-mode)]
[format-one
(lambda (arg)
(let* ([name (car arg)]
[value (cdr arg)])
(string-append
(form-urlencoded-encode (symbol->string name))
"="
(form-urlencoded-encode value))))]
[strs (let loop ([args args])
(cond
[(null? args) null]
[(null? (cdr args)) (list (format-one (car args)))]
[else (list* (format-one (car args))
(if (eq? mode 'amp)
"&"
";")
(loop (cdr args)))]))])
(apply string-append strs))))
;; string -> listof (cons string string)
;; http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/notes.html#ampersands-in-uris
(define form-urlencoded->alist
(opt-lambda (str)
(define key-regexp (regexp "[^=]*"))
(define value-regexp (case (current-alist-separator-mode)
[(semi) (regexp "[^;]*")]
[(amp) (regexp "[^&]*")]
[else (regexp "[^&;]*")]))
(define (next-key str start)
(if (>= start (string-length str))
#f
(match (regexp-match-positions key-regexp str start)
[((start . end))
(vector (let ([s (form-urlencoded-decode (substring str start end))])
(string->symbol s))
(add1 end))]
[#f #f])))
(define (next-value str start)
(if (>= start (string-length str))
#f
(match (regexp-match-positions value-regexp str start)
[((start . end))
(vector (form-urlencoded-decode (substring str start end))
(add1 end))]
[#f #f])))
(define (next-pair str start)
(match (next-key str start)
[#(key start)
(match (next-value str start)
[#(value start)
(vector (cons key value) start)]
[#f
(vector (cons key "") (string-length str))])]
[#f #f]))
(let loop ([start 0]
[end (string-length str)]
[make-alist (lambda (x) x)])
(cond
[(>= start end) (make-alist '())]
[else
(match (next-pair str start)
[#(pair next-start)
(loop next-start end (lambda (x) (make-alist (cons pair x))))]
[#f (make-alist '())])]))))
(define current-alist-separator-mode
(make-parameter 'amp-or-semi (lambda (s)
(unless (memq s '(amp semi amp-or-semi))
(raise-type-error 'current-alist-separator-mode
"'amp, 'semi, or 'amp-or-semi"
s))
s)))
))
)
;;; uri-codec-unit.ss ends here