racket/collects/web-server/scribblings/servlet-env.scrbl
2013-03-28 08:45:03 -06:00

235 lines
11 KiB
Racket

#lang scribble/doc
@(require "web-server.rkt")
@title[#:tag "servlet-env"]{Simple Single Servlet Servers}
@(require (for-label web-server/servlet-env
web-server/http
web-server/managers/lru
web-server/managers/manager
web-server/lang/lang-api
web-server/private/util
web-server/dispatchers/dispatch
web-server/configuration/configuration-table
web-server/configuration/responders
web-server/dispatchers/dispatch-log
net/url
racket/serialize
web-server/stuffers
web-server/servlet/servlet-structs
web-server/servlet-dispatch
racket/list))
@defmodule[web-server/servlet-env]
The @web-server provides a way to quickly configure and start a servlet with more customizability than @racketmodname[web-server/insta] provides. This is provided by the @racketmodname[web-server/servlet-env] module.
@section{Examples}
Here is a simple example of its use:
@racketmod[
racket
(require web-server/servlet
web-server/servlet-env)
(define (start req)
(response/xexpr
`(html (head (title "Hello world!"))
(body (p "Hey out there!")))))
(serve/servlet start)
]
Unlike the @racketmodname[web-server/insta] language, @racket[start] is not a special identifier, so we could just as well have written the example as:
@racketmod[
racket
(require web-server/servlet
web-server/servlet-env)
(define (my-app req)
(response/xexpr
`(html (head (title "Hello world!"))
(body (p "Hey out there!")))))
(serve/servlet my-app)
]
Let's look at some of the customizations @racket[serve/servlet] allows.
Suppose you'd like to change the port to something else, change the last line to:
@racketblock[
(serve/servlet my-app
#:port 8080)
]
Suppose you want to accept connections from external machines:
@racketblock[
(serve/servlet my-app
#:listen-ip #f)
]
By default the URL for your servlet is @filepath{http://localhost:8000/servlets/standalone.rkt},
suppose you wanted it to be @filepath{http://localhost:8000/hello.rkt}:
@racketblock[
(serve/servlet my-app
#:servlet-path "/hello.rkt")
]
Suppose you wanted it to capture top-level requests:
@racketblock[
(serve/servlet my-app
#:servlet-regexp #rx"")
]
Or, perhaps just some nice top-level name:
@racketblock[
(serve/servlet my-app
#:servlet-path "/main")
]
Suppose you wanted to use a style-sheet (@filepath{style.css}) found on your Desktop (@filepath{/Users/jay/Desktop/}):
@racketblock[
(serve/servlet my-app
#:extra-files-paths
(list
(build-path "/Users/jay/Desktop")))
]
These files are served @emph{in addition} to those from the @racket[#:server-root-path] @filepath{htdocs} directory.
You may pass any number of extra paths.
If you want to use @racket[serve/servlet] in a start up script for a Web application,
and don't want a browser opened or the DrRacket banner printed, then you can write:
@racketblock[
(serve/servlet my-app
#:command-line? #t)
]
@subsection{Stateless Servlets}
Suppose you would like to start a server for a stateless Web servlet @filepath{servlet.rkt} that provides @racketid[start]:
@racketmod[
racket
(require "servlet.rkt"
web-server/servlet-env)
(serve/servlet start #:stateless? #t)
]
You can also put the call to @racket[serve/servlet] in the @racketmodname[web-server] module directly:
@racketmod[
web-server
(require web-server/servlet-env)
(define (start req)
(start
(send/suspend
(lambda (k-url)
(response/xexpr
`(html (body (a ([href ,k-url]) "Hello world!"))))))))
(serve/servlet start #:stateless? #t)
]
Like always, you don't even need to save the file.
@section{Full API}
@defproc[(serve/servlet [start (request? . -> . can-be-response?)]
[#:command-line? command-line? boolean? #f]
[#:connection-close? connection-close? boolean? #f]
[#:launch-browser? launch-browser? boolean? (not command-line?)]
[#:quit? quit? boolean? (not command-line?)]
[#:banner? banner? boolean? (not command-line?)]
[#:listen-ip listen-ip (or/c false/c string?) "127.0.0.1"]
[#:port port tcp-listen-port? 8000]
[#:servlet-path servlet-path string?
"/servlets/standalone.rkt"]
[#:servlet-regexp servlet-regexp regexp?
(regexp
(format
"^~a$"
(regexp-quote servlet-path)))]
[#:stateless? stateless? boolean? #f]
[#:stuffer stuffer (stuffer/c serializable? bytes?) default-stuffer]
[#:manager manager manager? (make-threshold-LRU-manager #f (* 128 1024 1024))]
[#:servlet-namespace servlet-namespace (listof module-path?) empty]
[#:server-root-path server-root-path path-string? default-server-root-path]
[#:extra-files-paths extra-files-paths (listof path-string?) (list (build-path server-root-path "htdocs"))]
[#:servlets-root servlets-root path-string? (build-path server-root-path "htdocs")]
[#:servlet-current-directory servlet-current-directory path-string? servlets-root]
[#:file-not-found-responder file-not-found-responder
(request? . -> . can-be-response?)
(gen-file-not-found-responder
(build-path
server-root-path
"conf"
"not-found.html"))]
[#:servlet-loading-responder
responders-servlet-loading
(url? any/c . -> . can-be-response?)
servlet-loading-responder]
[#:servlet-responder
responders-servlet
(url? any/c . -> . can-be-response?)
servlet-error-responder]
[#:mime-types-path mime-types-path path-string?
....]
[#:ssl? ssl? boolean? #f]
[#:ssl-cert ssl-cert (or/c false/c path-string?) (and ssl? (build-path server-root-path "server-cert.pem"))]
[#:ssl-key ssl-key (or/c false/c path-string?) (and ssl? (build-path server-root-path "private-key.pem"))]
[#:log-file log-file (or/c false/c path-string?) #f]
[#:log-format log-format (or/c log-format/c format-req/c) 'apache-default])
void]{
This sets up and starts a fairly default server instance.
@racket[start] is loaded as a servlet and responds to requests that match @racket[servlet-regexp]. The current directory
of servlet execution is @racket[servlet-current-directory].
If @racket[launch-browser?] is true, then a web browser is opened to @filepath{http://localhost:<port><servlet-path>}. @racket[servlet-path] has no other purpose, if @racket[servlet-regexp] is provided.
If @racket[quit?] is true, then the URL @filepath["/quit"] ends the server.
If @racket[stateless?] is true, then the servlet is run as a stateless @racketmod[web-server] module and @racket[stuffer] is used
as the @tech{stuffer}.
@racket[serve/servlet] is simpler interface over
@racket[serve/launch/wait], @racket[dispatch/servlet], and a few of
the standard @secref["dispatchers" #:doc
'(lib "web-server/scribblings/web-server-internal.scrbl")]. Some advanced
customization requires using these underlying pieces of the
@racketmodname[web-server] directly. However, many simpler customizations do
not, which the rest of this section describes.
The server listens on @racket[listen-ip] and port @racket[port]. If @racket[listen-ip] is @racket[#f], then the server accepts
connections to all of the listening machine's addresses. Otherwise, the server accepts connections only at the interface(s) associated with the given string.
For example, providing @racket["127.0.0.1"] (the default) as @racket[listen-ip] creates a server that accepts only connections to @racket["127.0.0.1"] (the loopback interface) from the local machine.
If @racket[ssl-cert] and @racket[ssl-key] are not false, then the server runs in HTTPS mode with @racket[ssl-cert]
and @racket[ssl-key] as the certificates and private keys.
The servlet is loaded with @racket[manager]
as its continuation manager. (The default manager limits the amount of memory to 64 MB and
deals with memory pressure as discussed in the @racket[make-threshold-LRU-manager] documentation.)
The server files are rooted at @racket[server-root-path] (which is the distribution root by default.)
File paths, in addition to the @filepath["htdocs"] directory under @racket[server-root-path] may be
provided with @racket[extra-files-paths]. These paths are checked first, in the order they appear in the list.
Other servlets are served from @racket[servlets-root].
The modules specified by @racket[servlet-namespace] are shared between servlets found in @racket[servlets-root] and the current namespace (and therefore
the @racket[start] procedure.)
If a file cannot be found, @racket[file-not-found-responder] is used to generate an error response. If a servlet fails to load, @racket[responders-servlet-loading] is used. If a servlet errors during its operation, @racket[responders-servlet] is used.
If @racket[banner?] is true, then an informative banner is printed. You may want to use this when
running from the command line, in which case the @racket[command-line?] option controls similar options.
MIME types are looked up at @racket[mime-types-path]. By default the @filepath{mime.types} file in the
@racket[server-root-path] is used, but if that file does not exist, then the file that ships with the
Web Server is used instead. Of course, if a path is given, then it overrides this behavior.
If @racket[log-file] is given, then it used to log requests using @racket[log-format] as the format. Allowable formats
are those allowed by @racket[log-format->format]. If @racket[log-format] is a function, it is used directly to render the log entry.
If @racket[connection-close?] is @racket[#t], then every connection is closed after one
request. Otherwise, the client decides based on what HTTP version it uses.
}