411 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
411 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
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This file describes how to set up mappings for PostScript fonts and
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complex X fonts for MrEd within a configuration file. However, you
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will probably find that it's much easier to use the set-screen-name,
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set-post-script-name, and set-afm-name methods provided by
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the-font-name-directory.
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---------------------------------------------------
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1. Welcome to the Weird World of MrEd Fonts
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---------------------------------------------------
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MrEd's font system is designed to appear to work gracefully across
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platforms to a naive MrEd user. It is also designed to provide
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complete configuration control to a knowledgeable user (this may be
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especially necessary under X Windows). These are somewhat
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contradictory goals, and they leave MrEd with a somewhat complex font
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system.
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We'll develop terminology here to explain the working of the font
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system, but don't expect these terms to be used by the MrEd
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toolbox. The toolbox is designed to do what a programmer or user
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probably wanted using names that a programmer or user would probably
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understand intuitively.
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A "real font" is a device-speicific font used to draw or measure text
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for a screen or a printer. MrEd handles three kinds of real fonts:
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* Screen fonts
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* PostScript font names
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* AFM font files
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An "abstract font" is a platform- and device-independent entity that
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describes a font. MrEd uses 7 abstract fonts:
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* "Default"
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* "Decorative"
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* "Roman"
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* "Script"
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* "Swiss"
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* "Modern"
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* "System"
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The "System" abstract font is intended only for use with screen-based
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controls.
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There are two basic problems:
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* Mapping abstract fonts to real fonts
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* Specifying a real font without a corresponding abstract font
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The solution in the latter case is simply to let the user or
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programmer invent new abstract fonts. However, the new abstract font
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is associated with a core abstract font so that a suitable default
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real font can be selected when no information about the new abstract
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font is available.
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Abstract fonts are mapped to real fonts via the low-level setup
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resource file read by MrEd at startup time. (Under X Windows, X
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resources can be specified in any way, but specifying X resources
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through the startup file is the preferred mechanism.)
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In the case of real fonts for an X Windows screen, it is necssary to
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map not only an abstract font to a real font, but an abstract font
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combined with a weight, style, and size to a real font --- hence the
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insane complexity of MrEd's font system.
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---------------------------
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1. Resource Entries
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---------------------------
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First, we consider the mechanism that maps abstract fonts to real
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fonts in the case that the information is provided via resources.
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To find a font name in the resource, MrEd looks for a resource item
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named by:
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<dest><type><weight><style>
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Where
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<dest> is either "Screen", "PostScript", or "AFM"
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<type> is either "Default", "Decorative", "Roman", "Script",
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"Swiss", "Modern"", "System", or a programmer- or
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user-generated abstract font name prefixed with
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"@"
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<weight> is either "Medium", "Bold", or "Light"
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<style> is either "Straight", "Italic", or "Slant"
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Once the resource value is obtained, the way in which is it used is
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destination- and platform-specific:
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* A PostScript name value is always used as a PostScript font name
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(the preceeding slash is added automatically).
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* An AFM name is used as the base file name. The ".afm" extension is
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added automatically. The AFM file is found according to the path
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maintained by the ps-setup% methods get-afm-path and set-afm-path.
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* A screen name is interpreted in a platform-specific way:
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- Under Windows and MacOS, the name is used directly as the
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font name.
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- Under X-Windows, the name is either:
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- a full X Windows font name (including style information),
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with a "%d" in place of the point-size field, and
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prefixed with a "+"; or
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- a partial X Windows font name, matching one of the
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following regexp replacements:
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-([^-]*)
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=> -*-\1-<weight>-<style>-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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-([^-]*)-(.*)
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=> -\1-\2-<weight>-<style>-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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([^-].*[^-])
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=> \1
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Note that the absence of a leading "+" triggers the
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regexp-replace attempt
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For example, under X Windows, this X resource entry specifies the
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Default, medium-weight, unslanted font:
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mred.ScreenDefaultMediumStraight: +-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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and this is equivalent:
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mred.ScreenDefaultMediumStraight: -*-*
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or even this:
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mred.ScreenDefaultMediumStraight: -*
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A non-core abstract font <x> is associated with core abstract fonts
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with a resource item named by Family<x> where the value is the name
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of a core abstract font. For example, the new abstract font "Century"
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might be asscoaited with the "Roman" core abstract class:
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mred.Family@Century: Roman
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1.1. Wildcards
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--------------
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It has probably not escpaed the reader's attention that building
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items names by <dest><type><weight><style> will creates a rather
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large number of resource entires. Furthermore, the <weight><style>
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part is only useful for X Windows screen fonts. To avoid an
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explosion of resource entires, MrEd actually finds resource items
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via a wildcarding search.
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The <type>, <weight>, and <style> parts of a resource name can
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be wildcarded by using "_". Thus, to set the default font for all
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types, weights, and styles, use this X resource entry:
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mred.Screen___: +-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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Wildcarded resource entires are used only when un-wildcarded values
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cannot be found. If two resource names both match for some search,
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then the one with the "earliest" (i.e., closest to the beginning of
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the resource name) non-wildcarded part will prevail.
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The default MrEd resource file for Windows uses wildcarding to
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specify the basic font mapping:
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[mred]
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defaultFontSize=10
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ScreenDefault__=MS Sans Serif
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ScreenRoman__=Times New Roman
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ScreenDecorative__=Modern
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ScreenModern__=Courier New
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ScreenSwiss__=Arial
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ScreenScript__=Script
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Wildcarding by itself is altogether too simple, so we add more
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power/confusion with References, Parameterizations, and Wildcarding
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References. Non-masochists may consider skipping to section 1.2.
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1.1.1 References
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- - - - - - - -
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Suppose we define the default font for all of "Default", and then
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we want "Roman" to use this setting, too. We could copy the
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resource entry, like this:
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mred.ScreenDefault__: +-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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mred.ScreenRoman__: +-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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but the MrEd font-reading system provides a better syntax for
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referencing another resource entry. When a resource value contains
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"${x}", then the "${x}" fragment is replaced by the resource value of
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"x". Thus, the above could be re-written:
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mred.ScreenDefault__: +-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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mred.ScreenRoman__: ${ScreenDefault__}
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But wait, there's more...
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1.1.2 Parameterizations
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- - - - - - - - - - - -
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Parameterization can be used with referencing to parameterize default
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values based on the weight and style that is needed. When a resource
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value contains "$[weight]", then "$[weight]" is replaced with a string
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for the desired font weight. Similarly, "$[style]" is replaced with
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the desired style. Parameterizing expressions can be embedded in
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referencing expressions, like this:
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mred.ScreenDefault__: +-*-*-${Def$[weight]}-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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mred.DefMedium: medium
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mred.DefBold: bold
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mred.DefLight: medium
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Now, when the "ScreenDefault__" resource is used for different weights,
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it will return different values; the "${Def$[weight]}~ expression will
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turn into "${DefMedium}" for a medium-weight lookup, or "${DefBold}"
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for a bold-weight lookup. These references will in turn give either
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"medium" or "bold".
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We're not done, yet...
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1.1.3 Wildcarding References
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Consider the following resource configuration:
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MrEd.ScreenDefault__: +-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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MrEd.ScreenDefaultBold_: +-*-*-bold-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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MrEd.ScreenRoman__: ${ScreenDefault__}
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The effect of this statement is probably not what was intended; when
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a bold version of the "Roman" font is needed, "ScreenRoman__"
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references "ScreenDefault__", which does not specify a bold font.
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We could try to remedy the situation this way:
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MrEd.ScreenDefault__: +-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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MrEd.ScreenDefaultBold_: +-*-*-bold-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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MrEd.ScreenRoman__: ${ScreenDefault$[weight]_}
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but this does not work either. It works fine for bold "Roman", now,
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but medium "Roman" will cause a reference to "ScreenDefaultMedium_",
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which doesn't exist. The problem is that our reference does not use
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wildcarding like the original medium "Roman" lookup did.
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Wildcarding can be specified in a reference by separating each
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wildcardable field with a comma. This resource specification does
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what we want:
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MrEd.ScreenDefault__: +-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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MrEd.ScreenDefaultBold_: +-*-*-bold-r-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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MrEd.ScreenRoman__: ${ScreenDefault,$[weight],_}
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Since "$[weight]" is set off by commas, it can be wildcarded if no
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name excatly matching "SchemeDefault$[weight]_" is found. In this case
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"SchemeDefault" and "_" can also be wildcarded, but this will have no
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effect.
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1.2 Internal Resources
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----------------------
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The initial font setup is built into MrEd through a built-in resource
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table. This table is shown in the appendix. When font information is
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looked up, it is *almost* as if this table were installed into your
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resources file; the difference is that resource specifications in your
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file can override specifications in the built-in table, even when the
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wildcarding of your resource provides a weaker match.
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1.3 Lookup Failures
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-------------------
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When no information is available mapping a non-core abstract font to a
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real font for the screen, the abstract font name is used as the font
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name. This heuristic means that MrEd generally does the expected thing
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when a program provides an arbitrary platform-specific face name to a
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font constructor (see section 2.).
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The core abstract fonts all have defaults screen real fonts used as a
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last resort. Under Windows and MacOS, these real fonts correspond to
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the default font suggested by the font's abstract font (or associated
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abstract font in the case of non-core abstract fonts).
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-----------------------------------------------
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2. font%
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-----------------------------------------------
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The remaining question is how MrEd maps information specified in font%
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constructions to obtain real fonts via the abstract font mapping:
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* If only a "family" is supplied to font%, the corresponding core
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abstract font is used.
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* If a "face name" is supplied to font%, then the face name is used
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as a new abstract font name. The provided "family" specifies the
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associated core abstract font.
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That's it. Sounds too easy? Then you didn't read the preceding
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sections closely enough.
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------------------------------------
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Appendix: Built-in Resources
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------------------------------------
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FamilyDefault: Default
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FamilyRoman: Roman
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FamilyDecorative: Decorative
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FamilyModern: Modern
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FamilySwiss: Swiss
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FamilyScript: Script
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FamilySystem: System
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AfmMedium:
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AfmLight:
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AfmStraight:
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AfmItalic: ${AfmSlant}
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Afm___: ${AfmTimes,$[weight],$[style]}
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AfmTimes__: ${AfmTimes}${Afm$[weight]}${Afm$[style]}
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AfmTimesMediumStraight: ${AfmTimes}${AfmRoman}
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AfmTimesLightStraight: ${AfmTimes}${AfmRoman}
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AfmTimes_Italic: ${AfmTimes}$[weight]${AfmItalic}
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AfmTimes_Slant: ${AfmTimes}$[weight]${AfmItalic}
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AfmSwiss__: ${AfmHelvetica}${Afm$[weight]}${Afm$[style]}
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AfmModern__: ${AfmCourier}${Afm$[weight]}${Afm$[style]}
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PostScriptMediumStraight:
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PostScriptMediumItalic: -Oblique
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PostScriptMediumSlant: -Oblique
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PostScriptLightStraight:
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PostScriptLightItalic: -Oblique
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PostScriptLightSlant: -Oblique
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PostScriptBoldStraight: -Bold
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PostScriptBoldItalic: -BoldOblique
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PostScriptBoldSlant: -BoldOblique
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PostScriptTimesMedium:
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PostScriptTimesLight:
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PostScriptTimesBold: Bold
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PostScriptTimes__: Times${PostScript$[weight]$[style]}
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PostScriptTimesMediumStraight: Times-Roman
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PostScriptTimesLightStraight: Times-Roman
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PostScriptTimes_Slant: Times-${PostScriptTimes$[weight]}Italic
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PostScriptTimes_Italic: Times-${PostScriptTimes$[weight]}Italic
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PostScriptSwiss__: Helvetica${PostScript$[weight]$[style]}
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PostScriptModern__: Courier${PostScript$[weight]$[style]}
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PostScript___: ${PostScriptTimes,$[weight],$[style]}
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AfmBold: bo
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AfmSlant: ob
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AfmRoman: ro
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AfmTimes: time
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AfmHelvetica: helv
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AfmCourier: cour
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X Windows only:
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ScreenMedium: medium
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ScreenBold: bold
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ScreenLight: light
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ScreenStraight: r
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ScreenItalic: i
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ScreenSlant: o
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ScreenDefaultBase: *-lucida
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ScreenRomanBase: *-times
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ScreenDecorativeBase: *-helvetica
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ScreenModernBase: *-courier
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ScreenSwissBase: *-lucida
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ScreenScriptBase: *-zapfchancery
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ScreenStdSuffix: -${Screen$[weight]}-${Screen$[style]}-normal-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*
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ScreenDefault__: +-${ScreenDefaultBase}${ScreenStdSuffix}
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ScreenRoman__: +-${ScreenRomanBase}${ScreenStdSuffix}
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ScreenDecorative__: +-${ScreenDecorativeBase}${ScreenStdSuffix}
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ScreenModern__: +-${ScreenModernBase}${ScreenStdSuffix}
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ScreenSwiss__: +-${ScreenSwissBase}${ScreenStdSuffix}
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ScreenScript__: +-${ScreenScriptBase}${ScreenStdSuffix}
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Windows only:
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ScreenSystem__: MS Sans Serif
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ScreenDefault__: MS Sans Serif
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ScreenRoman__: Times New Roman
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ScreenDecorative__: Arial
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ScreenModern__: Courier New
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ScreenSwiss__: Arial
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ScreenScript__: Script
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MacOS only:
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ScreenDefault__: applicationfont
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ScreenSystem__: systemfont
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ScreenRoman__: times
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ScreenDecorative__: geneva
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ScreenModern__: monaco
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ScreenSwiss__ helvetica
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ScreenScript__: geneva
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