Add code for generating HTML

Test Plan: Ran unit tests. Looked at `\blue{\displaystyle \left(\dfrac{a^\sigma}{\sin \theta}\right\Updownarrow \intop_{1/2}^{z^z} \sum_{i=0}^\infty x \,dx}` in Chrome and saw the future in my eyes.

Reviewers: emily

Reviewed By: emily

Subscribers: jessie

Differential Revision: http://phabricator.khanacademy.org/D13154

domTree.js

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 // These objects store the data about the DOM nodes we create, as well as some
-// extra data. They can then be transformed into real DOM nodes with the toDOM
-// function. They are useful for both storing extra properties on the nodes, as
-// well as providing a way to easily work with the DOM.
+// extra data. They can then be transformed into real DOM nodes with the toNode
+// function or HTML markup using toMarkup. They are useful for both storing
+// extra properties on the nodes, as well as providing a way to easily work
+// with the DOM.
+
+var utils = require("./utils");
 
 var createClass = function(classes) {
     classes = classes.slice();
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ function span(classes, children, height, depth, maxFontSize, style) {
     this.style = style || {};
 }
 
-span.prototype.toDOM = function() {
+span.prototype.toNode = function() {
     var span = document.createElement("span");
 
     span.className = createClass(this.classes);
@@ -35,12 +38,44 @@ span.prototype.toDOM = function() {
     }
 
     for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) {
-        span.appendChild(this.children[i].toDOM());
+        span.appendChild(this.children[i].toNode());
     }
 
     return span;
 };
 
+span.prototype.toMarkup = function() {
+    var markup = "<span";
+
+    if (this.classes.length) {
+        markup += " class=\"";
+        markup += utils.escape(createClass(this.classes));
+        markup += "\"";
+    }
+
+    var styles = "";
+
+    for (var style in this.style) {
+        if (this.style.hasOwnProperty(style)) {
+            styles += utils.hyphenate(style) + ":" + this.style[style] + ";";
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (styles) {
+        markup += " style=\"" + utils.escape(styles) + "\"";
+    }
+
+    markup += ">";
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) {
+        markup += this.children[i].toMarkup();
+    }
+
+    markup += "</span>";
+
+    return markup;
+};
+
 function documentFragment(children, height, depth, maxFontSize) {
     this.children = children || [];
     this.height = height || 0;
@@ -48,16 +83,26 @@ function documentFragment(children, height, depth, maxFontSize) {
     this.maxFontSize = maxFontSize || 0;
 }
 
-documentFragment.prototype.toDOM = function() {
+documentFragment.prototype.toNode = function() {
     var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();
 
     for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) {
-        frag.appendChild(this.children[i].toDOM());
+        frag.appendChild(this.children[i].toNode());
     }
 
     return frag;
 };
 
+documentFragment.prototype.toMarkup = function() {
+    var markup = "";
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) {
+        markup += this.children[i].toMarkup();
+    }
+
+    return markup;
+};
+
 function symbolNode(value, height, depth, italic, classes, style) {
     this.value = value || "";
     this.height = height || 0;
@@ -68,7 +113,7 @@ function symbolNode(value, height, depth, italic, classes, style) {
     this.maxFontSize = 0;
 }
 
-symbolNode.prototype.toDOM = function() {
+symbolNode.prototype.toNode = function() {
     var node = document.createTextNode(this.value);
     var span = null;
 
@@ -97,6 +142,47 @@ symbolNode.prototype.toDOM = function() {
     }
 };
 
+symbolNode.prototype.toMarkup = function() {
+    // TODO(alpert): More duplication than I'd like from
+    // span.prototype.toMarkup and symbolNode.prototype.toNode...
+    var needsSpan = false;
+
+    var markup = "<span";
+
+    if (this.classes.length) {
+        needsSpan = true;
+        markup += " class=\"";
+        markup += utils.escape(createClass(this.classes));
+        markup += "\"";
+    }
+
+    var styles = "";
+
+    if (this.italic > 0) {
+        styles += "margin-right:" + this.italic + "em;";
+    }
+    for (var style in this.style) {
+        if (this.style.hasOwnProperty(style)) {
+            styles += utils.hyphenate(style) + ":" + this.style[style] + ";";
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (styles) {
+        needsSpan = true;
+        markup += " style=\"" + utils.escape(styles) + "\"";
+    }
+
+    var escaped = utils.escape(this.value);
+    if (needsSpan) {
+        markup += ">";
+        markup += escaped;
+        markup += "</span>";
+        return markup;
+    } else {
+        return escaped;
+    }
+};
+
 module.exports = {
     span: span,
     documentFragment: documentFragment,

katex.js

@@ -8,12 +8,18 @@ var process = function(toParse, baseNode) {
     utils.clearNode(baseNode);
 
     var tree = parseTree(toParse);
-    var node = buildTree(tree).toDOM();
+    var node = buildTree(tree).toNode();
 
     baseNode.appendChild(node);
 };
 
+var renderToString = function(toParse) {
+    var tree = parseTree(toParse);
+    return buildTree(tree).toMarkup();
+};
+
 module.exports = {
     process: process,
+    renderToString: renderToString,
     ParseError: ParseError
 };

test/katex-spec.js

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+var katex = require("../katex");
 var buildTree = require("../buildTree");
 var parseTree = require("../parseTree");
 var ParseError = require("../ParseError");
@@ -986,3 +987,14 @@ describe("A bin builder", function() {
         expect(getBuilt("\\blue{x+}+y")[1].classes).toContain("mord");
     });
 });
+
+describe("A markup generator", function() {
+    it("marks trees up", function() {
+        // Just a few quick sanity checks here...
+        var markup = katex.renderToString("\\sigma^2");
+        expect(markup.indexOf("<span")).toBe(0);
+        expect(markup).toContain("\u03c3");  // sigma
+        expect(markup).toContain("margin-right");
+        expect(markup).not.toContain("marginRight");
+    });
+});

utils.js

@@ -19,6 +19,37 @@ var contains = function(list, elem) {
     return indexOf(list, elem) !== -1;
 };
 
+// hyphenate and escape adapted from Facebook's React under Apache 2 license
+
+var uppercase = /([A-Z])/g;
+var hyphenate = function(str) {
+    return str.replace(uppercase, "-$1").toLowerCase();
+};
+
+var ESCAPE_LOOKUP = {
+  "&": "&",
+  ">": ">",
+  "<": "&lt;",
+  "\"": "&quot;",
+  "'": "&#x27;"
+};
+
+var ESCAPE_REGEX = /[&><"']/g;
+
+function escaper(match) {
+  return ESCAPE_LOOKUP[match];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Escapes text to prevent scripting attacks.
+ *
+ * @param {*} text Text value to escape.
+ * @return {string} An escaped string.
+ */
+function escape(text) {
+  return ('' + text).replace(ESCAPE_REGEX, escaper);
+}
+
 var setTextContent;
 
 if (typeof document !== "undefined") {
@@ -40,6 +71,8 @@ function clearNode(node) {
 
 module.exports = {
     contains: contains,
+    escape: escape,
+    hyphenate: hyphenate,
     indexOf: indexOf,
     setTextContent: setTextContent,
     clearNode: clearNode