diff --git a/unpacked/jax/element/mml/jax.js b/unpacked/jax/element/mml/jax.js
index 64fc492f2..d66d1951f 100644
--- a/unpacked/jax/element/mml/jax.js
+++ b/unpacked/jax/element/mml/jax.js
@@ -223,7 +223,19 @@ MathJax.ElementJax.mml.Augment({
     "fontfamily", "fontsize", "fontweight", "fontstyle",
     "color", "background",
     "id", "class", "href", "style"
-  ]
+  ],
+  Error: function (message,def) {
+    var mml = this.merror(message),
+        dir = MathJax.Localization.fontDirection(),
+        font = MathJax.Localization.fontFamily();
+    if (def) {mml = mml.With(def)}
+    if (dir || font) {
+      mml = this.mstyle(mml);
+      if (dir) {mml.dir = dir}
+      if (font) {mml.style.fontFamily = "font-family: "+font}
+    }
+    return mml;
+  }
 });
 
 (function (MML) {
@@ -232,7 +244,8 @@ MathJax.ElementJax.mml.Augment({
     type: "base", isToken: false,
     defaults: {
       mathbackground: MML.INHERIT,
-      mathcolor: MML.INHERIT
+      mathcolor: MML.INHERIT,
+      dir: MML.INHERIT,
     },
     noInherit: {},
     noInheritAttribute: {
@@ -428,7 +441,8 @@ MathJax.ElementJax.mml.Augment({
       mathvariant: MML.AUTO,
       mathsize: MML.INHERIT,
       mathbackground: MML.INHERIT,
-      mathcolor: MML.INHERIT
+      mathcolor: MML.INHERIT,
+      dir: MML.INHERIT
     },
     autoDefault: function (name) {
       if (name === "mathvariant") {
@@ -458,7 +472,8 @@ MathJax.ElementJax.mml.Augment({
       mathvariant: MML.INHERIT,
       mathsize: MML.INHERIT,
       mathbackground: MML.INHERIT,
-      mathcolor: MML.INHERIT
+      mathcolor: MML.INHERIT,
+      dir: MML.INHERIT
     }
   });
   
@@ -469,6 +484,7 @@ MathJax.ElementJax.mml.Augment({
       mathsize: MML.INHERIT,
       mathbackground: MML.INHERIT,
       mathcolor: MML.INHERIT,
+      dir: MML.INHERIT,
       form: MML.AUTO,
       fence: MML.AUTO,
       separator: MML.AUTO,
@@ -630,7 +646,8 @@ MathJax.ElementJax.mml.Augment({
       mathvariant: MML.INHERIT,
       mathsize: MML.INHERIT,
       mathbackground: MML.INHERIT,
-      mathcolor: MML.INHERIT
+      mathcolor: MML.INHERIT,
+      dir: MML.INHERIT
     }
   });
 
@@ -665,6 +682,7 @@ MathJax.ElementJax.mml.Augment({
       mathsize: MML.INHERIT,
       mathbackground: MML.INHERIT,
       mathcolor: MML.INHERIT,
+      dir: MML.INHERIT,
       lquote: '"',
       rquote: '"'
     }
@@ -810,6 +828,7 @@ MathJax.ElementJax.mml.Augment({
       scriptminsize: "8pt",
       mathbackground: MML.INHERIT,
       mathcolor: MML.INHERIT,
+      dir: MML.INHERIT,
       infixlinebreakstyle: MML.LINEBREAKSTYLE.BEFORE,
       decimalseparator: "."
     },
@@ -1226,6 +1245,7 @@ MathJax.ElementJax.mml.Augment({
       mathsize: MML.SIZE.NORMAL,
       mathcolor: "", // should be "black", but allow it to inherit from surrounding text
       mathbackground: MML.COLOR.TRANSPARENT,
+      dir: "ltr",
       scriptlevel: 0,
       displaystyle: MML.AUTO,
       display: "inline",
diff --git a/unpacked/jax/input/AsciiMath/jax.js b/unpacked/jax/input/AsciiMath/jax.js
index 525b94e41..1d19bda5b 100644
--- a/unpacked/jax/input/AsciiMath/jax.js
+++ b/unpacked/jax/input/AsciiMath/jax.js
@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ junk = null;
     formatError: function (err,math,script) {
       var message = err.message.replace(/\n.*/,"");
       MathJax.Hub.signal.Post(["AsciiMath Jax - parse error",message,math,script]);
-      return MML.merror(message);
+      return MML.Error(message);
     },
     Error: function (message) {
       throw MathJax.Hub.Insert(Error(message),{asciimathError: true});
diff --git a/unpacked/jax/input/MathML/jax.js b/unpacked/jax/input/MathML/jax.js
index 86e11c031..22b2f53da 100644
--- a/unpacked/jax/input/MathML/jax.js
+++ b/unpacked/jax/input/MathML/jax.js
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
         mml = this.TeXAtom(match[2]);
       } else if (!(MML[type] && MML[type].isa && MML[type].isa(MML.mbase))) {
         MathJax.Hub.signal.Post(["MathML Jax - unknown node type",type]);
-        return MML.merror(_("UnknownNodeType","Unknown node type: %1",type));
+        return MML.Error(_("UnknownNodeType","Unknown node type: %1",type));
       } else {
         mml = MML[type]();
       }
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@
     formatError: function (err,math,script) {
       var message = err.message.replace(/\n.*/,"");
       MathJax.Hub.signal.Post(["MathML Jax - parse error",message,math,script]);
-      return MML.merror(message);
+      return MML.Error(message);
     },
     Error: function (message) {
       //
diff --git a/unpacked/jax/input/TeX/jax.js b/unpacked/jax/input/TeX/jax.js
index cc75287b4..19bf4e4e7 100644
--- a/unpacked/jax/input/TeX/jax.js
+++ b/unpacked/jax/input/TeX/jax.js
@@ -2099,7 +2099,7 @@
     formatError: function (err,math,display,script) {
       var message = err.message.replace(/\n.*/,"");
       HUB.signal.Post(["TeX Jax - parse error",message,math,display,script]);
-      return MML.merror(message);
+      return MML.Error(message);
     },
 
     //
diff --git a/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/autoload/mglyph.js b/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/autoload/mglyph.js
index 97e14835e..f210cef77 100644
--- a/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/autoload/mglyph.js
+++ b/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/autoload/mglyph.js
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("HTML-CSS Jax Ready",function () {
             } else {
               if (values.alt === "")
                 {values.alt = LOCALE._(["MathML","BadMglyphFont"],"Bad font: %1",font.family)}
-              err = MML.merror(values.alt).With({mathsize:"75%"});
+              err = MML.Error(values.alt,{mathsize:"75%"});
               this.Append(err); err.toHTML(span); this.data.pop();
               span.bbox = err.HTMLspanElement().bbox;
             }
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("HTML-CSS Jax Ready",function () {
           MathJax.Hub.RestartAfter(img.onload);
         }
         if (this.img.status !== "OK") {
-          err = MML.merror(
-            LOCALE._(["MathML","BadMglyph"],"Bad mglyph: %1",values.src)
-          ).With({mathsize:"75%"});
+          err = MML.Error(
+            LOCALE._(["MathML","BadMglyph"],"Bad mglyph: %1",values.src),
+            {mathsize:"75%"});
           this.Append(err); err.toHTML(span); this.data.pop();
           span.bbox = err.HTMLspanElement().bbox;
         } else {
diff --git a/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/autoload/ms.js b/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/autoload/ms.js
index a45baa1be..9ceb6478f 100644
--- a/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/autoload/ms.js
+++ b/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/autoload/ms.js
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("HTML-CSS Jax Ready",function () {
       this.HTMLhandleVariant(span,this.HTMLgetVariant(),values.lquote+text+values.rquote);
       this.HTMLhandleSpace(span);
       this.HTMLhandleColor(span);
+      this.HTMLhandleDir(span);
       return span;
     },
     HTMLquoteRegExp: function (string) {
diff --git a/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/jax.js b/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/jax.js
index 8ed062352..6ece947af 100644
--- a/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/jax.js
+++ b/unpacked/jax/output/HTML-CSS/jax.js
@@ -1723,6 +1723,12 @@
 	return span;
       },
 
+      HTMLhandleDir: function (span) {
+        var dir = this.Get("dir",true); // only get value if not the default
+        if (dir) {span.dir = dir}
+        return span;
+      },
+
       HTMLhandleColor: function (span) {
 	var values = this.getValues("mathcolor","color");
 	if (this.mathbackground) {values.mathbackground = this.mathbackground}
@@ -1973,6 +1979,7 @@
         }
 	this.HTMLhandleSpace(span);
 	this.HTMLhandleColor(span);
+        this.HTMLhandleDir(span);
 	return span;
       }
     });
@@ -1987,6 +1994,7 @@
 	if (this.data.join("").length !== 1) {delete span.bbox.skew}
 	this.HTMLhandleSpace(span);
 	this.HTMLhandleColor(span);
+        this.HTMLhandleDir(span);
 	return span;
       }
     });
@@ -2061,6 +2069,7 @@
         //
 	this.HTMLhandleSpace(span);
 	this.HTMLhandleColor(span);
+        this.HTMLhandleDir(span);
 	return span;
       },
       CoreParent: function () {
@@ -2157,6 +2166,7 @@
         if (this.data.join("").length !== 1) {delete span.bbox.skew}
         this.HTMLhandleSpace(span);
         this.HTMLhandleColor(span);
+        this.HTMLhandleDir(span);
         return span;
       }
     });
diff --git a/unpacked/jax/output/SVG/autoload/mglyph.js b/unpacked/jax/output/SVG/autoload/mglyph.js
index 5b904bda9..dc38074f2 100644
--- a/unpacked/jax/output/SVG/autoload/mglyph.js
+++ b/unpacked/jax/output/SVG/autoload/mglyph.js
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("SVG Jax Ready",function () {
           MathJax.Hub.RestartAfter(img.onload);
         }
         if (this.img.status !== "OK") {
-          err = MML.merror(
-            LOCALE._(["MathML","BadMglyph"],"Bad mglyph: %1",values.src)
-          ).With({mathsize:"75%"});
+          err = MML.Error(
+            LOCALE._(["MathML","BadMglyph"],"Bad mglyph: %1",values.src),
+            {mathsize:"75%"});
           this.Append(err); svg = err.toSVG(); this.data.pop();
         } else {
           var mu = this.SVGgetMu(svg);
diff --git a/unpacked/jax/output/SVG/jax.js b/unpacked/jax/output/SVG/jax.js
index 4c39a7bef..7a44aeee0 100644
--- a/unpacked/jax/output/SVG/jax.js
+++ b/unpacked/jax/output/SVG/jax.js
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@
         if (this.Parent().type === "merror") {
 	  //  *** FIXME:  Make color, style, scale configurable
           svg = this.SVG(); this.SVGhandleSpace(svg);
-          text = BBOX.G(); text.Add(BBOX.TEXT(.9*scale,this.data.join(""),{fill:"#C00"}));
+          text = BBOX.G(); text.Add(BBOX.TEXT(.9*scale,this.data.join(""),{fill:"#C00",direction:this.Get("dir")}));
           svg.Add(BBOX.RECT(text.h+100,text.d+100,text.w+200,{fill:"#FF8",stroke:"#C00","stroke-width":50}),0,0);
           svg.Add(text,150,0); svg.H += 150; svg.D += 50;
           svg.Clean();
@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@
           return svg;
 	} else if (SVG.config.mtextFontInherit) {
           svg = this.SVG(); this.SVGhandleSpace(svg);
-          var variant = this.SVGgetVariant(), def = {};
+          var variant = this.SVGgetVariant(), def = {direction:this.Get("dir")};
           if (variant.bold)   {def["font-weight"] = "bold"}
           if (variant.italic) {def["font-style"] = "italic"}
           svg.Add(BBOX.TEXT(scale,this.data.join(""),def)); svg.Clean();