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<div class="section" id="mathjax-output-formats">
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<span id="output-formats"></span><h1>MathJax Output Formats<a class="headerlink" href="#mathjax-output-formats" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Currently, MathJax can render math in two ways:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>Using HTML-with-CSS to lay out the mathematics, or</li>
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<li>Using a browser’s native MathML support.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>These are implemented by the <cite>HTML-CSS</cite> and <cite>NativeMML</cite> output
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processors.</p>
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<p>If you are using one of the combined configuration files, then this will
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select one of these output processors for you. If the config file ends in
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_HTML</span></tt>, then it is the HTML-CSS output processor, and if it ends in
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_HTMLorMML</span></tt>, then the NativeMML output processor will be chosen if the
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browser supports it, otherwise HTML-CSS output will be used.</p>
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<p>If you are performing your own in-line or file-based configuration, you
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select which one you want to use by including either <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"output/HTML-CSS"</span></tt>
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or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"output/NativeMML"</span></tt> in the <cite>jax</cite> array of your MathJax configuration.
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For example</p>
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<div class="highlight-javascript"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">jax</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"input/TeX"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"output/HTML-CSS"</span><span class="p">]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>would specify TeX input and HTML-with-CSS output for the mathematics
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in your document.</p>
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<p>The HTML-CSS output processor produces high-quality output in all
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major browsers, with results that are consistent across browsers and
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operating systems. This is MathJax’s primary output mode. It’s major
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advantage is its quality and consistency; it’s drawback is that it is
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slower than the NativeMML mode at rendering the mathematics. (The
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HTML-CSS processor has not yet been optimized for speed, so you can
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expect some improvement in the future. Note that IE8 in “IE8
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standards mode” is an order of magnitude slower than any other browser
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when processing math through the HTML-CSS output processor; see
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<a class="reference internal" href="#html-css-with-ie8"><em>HTML-CSS with IE8</em></a> below for some strategies
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to deal with this.)</p>
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<p>The NativeMML output processor uses the browser’s internal MathML support (if
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any) to render the mathematics. Currently, Firefox has native support
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for MathML, and IE has the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.dessci.com/en/products/mathplayer/">MathPlayer plugin</a> for rendering
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MathML. Opera has some built-in support for MathML that works well
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with simple equations, but fails with more complex formulas, so we
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don’t recommend using the NativeMML output processor with Opera. Safari,
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Chrome, Konqueror, and most other browsers don’t support MathML
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natively, but may in the future, since MathML is part of the HTML5
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specification.</p>
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<p>The advantage of the NativeMML output Processor is its speed, since native
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MathML support is much faster than using complicated HTML and CSS to lay
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out mathematics, as the HTML-CSS output processor does. The disadvantage
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is that you are dependent on the browser’s MathML implementation for your
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rendering, and these vary in quality of output and completeness of
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implementation. MathJax may rely on features that are not available in
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some renderers (for example, Firefox’s MathML support does not implement
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some of the named widths, such as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">negativethinmathspace</span></tt>). The results
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using the NativeMML output processor may have spacing or other rendering
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problems that are outside of MathJax’s control.</p>
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<div class="section" id="automatic-selection-of-the-output-processor">
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<h2>Automatic Selection of the Output Processor<a class="headerlink" href="#automatic-selection-of-the-output-processor" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Since not all browsers support MathML natively, it would be unwise to
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choose the NativeMML output processor unless you are sure of your
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audience’s browser capabilities. MathJax can help with that, however,
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since a number of its combined configuration files will select NativeMML
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output when the browser supports it, and HTML-CSS output otherwise. These
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are the configuration files that end in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_HTMLorMML</span></tt>.</p>
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<p>If you are doing your own configuration, there is a special configuration
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file that you can include that will choose between NativeMML and HTML-CSS
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depending on the browser in use. To invoke it, add <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"MMLorHTML.js"</span></tt> to
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your configurations <cite>config</cite> array, and <strong>do not</strong> include an output
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processor in your <cite>jax</cite> array; MathJax will fill that in for you based on
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the abilities of your user’s browser.</p>
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<div class="highlight-javascript"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">config</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"MMLorHTML.js"</span><span class="p">],</span>
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<span class="nx">jax</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"input/TeX"</span><span class="p">]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>You can customize which choice to make on a browser-by-browser basis
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or a global basis. See the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">config/default.js</span></tt> file or the
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<a class="reference internal" href="options/MMLorHTML.html#configure-mmlorhtml"><em>Configuring MMLorHTML</em></a> section for futher
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details. As an example, this configuration tells MathJax to use HTML-CSS
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output rather than native MathML support for Firefox:</p>
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<div class="highlight-html"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text/x-mathjax-config"</span><span class="nt">></span>
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<span class="nx">MathJax</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Hub</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Config</span><span class="p">({</span>
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<span class="nx">MMLorHTML</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">prefer</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">Firefox</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s2">"HTML"</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">});</span>
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<span class="nt"></script></span>
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<span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text/javascript"</span>
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<span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"</span><span class="nt">></span>
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<span class="nt"></script></span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>With this configuration, MathML output will be used only for IE with the
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MathPlayer plugin (Firefox is the only other browser to have native MathML
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support that is sufficient for use with MathJax). Note, however, that a
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user can employ the MathJax contectual menu to select the other renderer if
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he or she wishes.</p>
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<p>MathJax produces MathML that models the underlying mathematics as best
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it can, rather than using complicated hacks to improve output for a
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particular MathML implementation. When you make the choice to use the
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NativeMML output processor, you are making a trade-off: gaining speed
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at the expense of quality and reliability, a decision that should not
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be taken lightly.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="html-css-with-ie8">
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<span id="id1"></span><h2>HTML-CSS with IE8<a class="headerlink" href="#html-css-with-ie8" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Internet Explorer 8 has at least eight different rendering modes in which
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it can operate, and that are triggered by the <cite>DOCTYPE</cite> of the document
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being viewed. Its “quirks” mode is its fastest mode, and its “IE8
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standards” mode is its slowest. This is the mode triggered by strict HTML
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document types, and since most modern content management systems now
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include a <cite>DOCTYPE</cite> that activates “standards” mode, IE8 will operate in
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its slowest manner. This is particularly apparent when MathJax is used,
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since IE8 in standards mode runs 20 to 30 times slower than it does in its
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IE7 emulation mode, and 60 times slower than in quirks mode, on the sample
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equations page in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test/sample.html</span></tt>.</p>
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<p>Most users find this speed reduction unacceptable when there is much
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mathematics on the page. To overcome this problem, you may wish to
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tell IE8 to use its IE7 emulation mode rather than its IE8 standards
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mode. You can accomplish this by including the line</p>
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<div class="highlight-html"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nt"><meta</span> <span class="na">http-equiv=</span><span class="s">"X-UA-Compatible"</span> <span class="na">content=</span><span class="s">"IE=EmulateIE7"</span><span class="nt">></span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>at the top of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><head></span></tt> section of your HTML documents. This
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lets you keep the strict <cite>DOCTYPE</cite> for validation purposes, while
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still managing to get reasonable perforance from Internet Explorer
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8. Note that this line must come at the beginning of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><head></span></tt>,
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before any stylesheets or other content are loaded.</p>
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<p>Altertnatively, you can use the <cite>MMLorHTML</cite> configuration file
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described above to select NativeMML output when possible, and request
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that your users install the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.dessci.com/en/products/mathplayer/">MathPlayer plugin</a>, which will render
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the mathematics much more quickly.</p>
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<p>It appears that IE9 in IE9 standards mode may perform better than IE8, but
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since IE9 is still in beta testing as of this writing, we have yet to see
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exactly what the performance of MathJax in IE9 will be like.</p>
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">MathJax Output Formats</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#automatic-selection-of-the-output-processor">Automatic Selection of the Output Processor</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#html-css-with-ie8">HTML-CSS with IE8</a></li>
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