diff --git a/backends/BackendPasses.hs b/backends/BackendPasses.hs
index 35556be..ac63934 100644
--- a/backends/BackendPasses.hs
+++ b/backends/BackendPasses.hs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ transformWaitFor = everywhereM (mkM doAlt)
            id <- lift $ makeNonce "waitFor"
            let n = (A.Name m A.VariableName id)
            let var = A.Variable m n
-           put (specs ++ [A.Spec m (A.Specification m n (A.Declaration m A.Time))], 
+           put (specs ++ [A.Spec m (A.Specification m n (A.Declaration m A.Time Nothing))], 
                 init ++ [A.OnlyP m $ A.GetTime m var, A.OnlyP m $ A.Assign m [var] $ A.ExpressionList m [A.Dyadic m A.Plus (A.ExprVariable m var) e]])
            return $ A.AlternativeWait m A.WaitUntil (A.ExprVariable m var) p
                
diff --git a/backends/BackendPassesTest.hs b/backends/BackendPassesTest.hs
index 1ed4e7a..d9e8a9a 100644
--- a/backends/BackendPassesTest.hs
+++ b/backends/BackendPassesTest.hs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ testTransformWaitFor1 :: Test
 testTransformWaitFor1 = TestCase $ testPass "testTransformWaitFor1" exp (transformWaitFor orig) (return ())
   where
     orig = A.Alt m True $ A.OnlyA m $ A.AlternativeWait m A.WaitFor (exprVariable "t") (A.Skip m)
-    exp = tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Time) $
+    exp = tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName $ A.Declaration m A.Time Nothing) $
             tag2 A.Several DontCare
               [
                 tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag2 A.GetTime DontCare var
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ testTransformWaitFor2 = TestCase $ testPass "testTransformWaitFor2" exp (transfo
   where
     orig = A.Alt m True $ A.Several m [A.OnlyA m $ A.AlternativeWait m A.WaitFor (exprVariable "t0") (A.Skip m),
                                        A.OnlyA m $ A.AlternativeWait m A.WaitFor (exprVariable "t1") (A.Skip m)]
-    exp = tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName0 $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Time) $     
-          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName1 $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Time) $
+    exp = tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName0 $ A.Declaration m A.Time Nothing) $
+          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName1 $ A.Declaration m A.Time Nothing) $
             tag2 A.Several DontCare
               [
                 tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag2 A.GetTime DontCare var0
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ testTransformWaitFor3 :: Test
 testTransformWaitFor3 = TestCase $ testPass "testTransformWaitFor3" exp (transformWaitFor orig) (return ())
   where
     orig = A.Alt m True $ A.OnlyA m $ A.AlternativeWait m A.WaitFor (A.Dyadic m A.Plus (exprVariable "t0") (exprVariable "t1")) (A.Skip m)
-    exp = tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Time) $
+    exp = tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName $ A.Declaration m A.Time Nothing) $
             tag2 A.Several DontCare
               [
                 tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag2 A.GetTime DontCare var
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ testTransformWaitFor4 :: Test
 testTransformWaitFor4 = TestCase $ testPass "testTransformWaitFor4" exp (transformWaitFor orig) (return ())
   where
     orig = A.Alt m True $ A.Several m [A.OnlyA m $ A.AlternativeWait m A.WaitFor (exprVariable "t") (A.Skip m)]
-    exp = tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Time) $
+    exp = tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName $ A.Declaration m A.Time Nothing) $
             tag2 A.Several DontCare
               [
                 tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag2 A.GetTime DontCare var
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ testTransformWaitFor5 = TestCase $ testPass "testTransformWaitFor5" exp (transfo
   where
     orig = A.Alt m True $ A.Several m [A.OnlyA m $ A.AlternativeWait m A.WaitFor (exprVariable "t") (A.Skip m),
                                        A.OnlyA m $ A.AlternativeWait m A.WaitFor (exprVariable "t") (A.Skip m)]
-    exp = tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName0 $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Time) $     
-          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName1 $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Time) $
+    exp = tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName0 $ A.Declaration m A.Time Nothing) $
+          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare varName1 $ A.Declaration m A.Time Nothing) $
             tag2 A.Several DontCare
               [
                 tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag2 A.GetTime DontCare var0
diff --git a/backends/GenerateC.hs b/backends/GenerateC.hs
index 8b932e2..15139cd 100644
--- a/backends/GenerateC.hs
+++ b/backends/GenerateC.hs
@@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@ CHAN OF INT c IS d:       Channel *c = d;
                           const int *ds_sizes = cs_sizes;
 -}
 cintroduceSpec :: GenOps -> A.Specification -> CGen ()
-cintroduceSpec ops (A.Specification m n (A.Declaration _ t))
+cintroduceSpec ops (A.Specification m n (A.Declaration _ t _))
     = do call genDeclaration ops t n False
          case call declareInit ops m t (A.Variable m n) of
            Just p -> p
@@ -1444,7 +1444,7 @@ cgenForwardDeclaration ops (A.Specification _ n (A.Proc _ sm fs _))
 cgenForwardDeclaration _ _ = return ()
 
 cremoveSpec :: GenOps -> A.Specification -> CGen ()
-cremoveSpec ops (A.Specification m n (A.Declaration _ t))
+cremoveSpec ops (A.Specification m n (A.Declaration _ t _))
     = case call declareFree ops m t var of
         Just p -> p
         Nothing -> return ()
diff --git a/backends/GenerateCPPCSP.hs b/backends/GenerateCPPCSP.hs
index be8ee85..179e838 100644
--- a/backends/GenerateCPPCSP.hs
+++ b/backends/GenerateCPPCSP.hs
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ cppdeclareFree _ _ _ _ = Nothing
 
 -- | Changed to work properly with declareFree to free channel arrays.
 cppremoveSpec :: GenOps -> A.Specification -> CGen ()
-cppremoveSpec ops (A.Specification m n (A.Declaration _ t))
+cppremoveSpec ops (A.Specification m n (A.Declaration _ t _))
     = do case call declareFree ops m t var of
                Just p -> p
                Nothing -> return ()
diff --git a/backends/GenerateCTest.hs b/backends/GenerateCTest.hs
index 7938ff6..61a4439 100644
--- a/backends/GenerateCTest.hs
+++ b/backends/GenerateCTest.hs
@@ -495,9 +495,9 @@ testDeclareInitFree = TestList
    testAll' :: Int -> (String,String) -> (String,String) -> A.Type -> State CompState () -> Test
    testAll' n (iC,fC) (iCPP,fCPP) t state = TestList
     [
-     testBothS ("testDeclareInitFree/a" ++ show n) ("@" ++ iC) ("@" ++ iCPP) ((tcall introduceSpec $ A.Specification emptyMeta foo (A.Declaration emptyMeta t)) . over) state
+     testBothS ("testDeclareInitFree/a" ++ show n) ("@" ++ iC) ("@" ++ iCPP) ((tcall introduceSpec $ A.Specification emptyMeta foo (A.Declaration emptyMeta t Nothing)) . over) state
      ,testBothS ("testDeclareInitFree/b" ++ show n) iC iCPP ((fromMaybe (return ())) . (tcall3 declareInit emptyMeta t (A.Variable emptyMeta foo)) . over) state
-     ,testBothS ("testDeclareInitFree/c" ++ show n) fC fCPP ((tcall removeSpec $ A.Specification emptyMeta foo (A.Declaration emptyMeta t)) . over) state
+     ,testBothS ("testDeclareInitFree/c" ++ show n) fC fCPP ((tcall removeSpec $ A.Specification emptyMeta foo (A.Declaration emptyMeta t Nothing)) . over) state
      ,testBothS ("testDeclareInitFree/d" ++ show n) fC fCPP ((fromMaybe (return ())) . (tcall3 declareFree emptyMeta t (A.Variable emptyMeta foo)) . over) state
     ]
      where
@@ -513,10 +513,12 @@ testSpec :: Test
 testSpec = TestList
  [
   --Declaration:
-  testAllSame 0 ("#ATION_False#INIT","#FREE") $ A.Declaration emptyMeta A.Int
-  ,testAllSame 1 ("#ATION_False#INIT","#FREE") $ A.Declaration emptyMeta $ A.Chan A.DirUnknown (A.ChanAttributes False False) A.Int
-  ,testAllSame 2 ("#ATION_False#INIT","#FREE") $ A.Declaration emptyMeta $ A.Array [A.Dimension 3] A.Int
-  ,testAllSame 3 ("#ATION_False#INIT","#FREE") $ A.Declaration emptyMeta $ A.Array [A.Dimension 3] $ A.Chan A.DirUnknown (A.ChanAttributes False False) A.Int
+  testAllSame 0 ("#ATION_False#INIT","#FREE") $ A.Declaration emptyMeta A.Int Nothing
+  ,testAllSame 1 ("#ATION_False#INIT","#FREE") $ A.Declaration emptyMeta (A.Chan A.DirUnknown (A.ChanAttributes False False) A.Int) Nothing
+  ,testAllSame 2 ("#ATION_False#INIT","#FREE") $ A.Declaration emptyMeta (A.Array [A.Dimension 3] A.Int) Nothing
+  ,testAllSame 3 ("#ATION_False#INIT","#FREE") $ A.Declaration emptyMeta (A.Array [A.Dimension 3] $ A.Chan A.DirUnknown (A.ChanAttributes False False) A.Int) Nothing
+
+  -- TODO test declarations with initialisers
 
   --Empty/failure cases:
   ,testAllSame 100 ("","") $ A.DataType undefined undefined
@@ -744,7 +746,7 @@ testGenVariable = TestList
      ,testBothS ("testGenVariable/unchecked" ++ show n) eUC eUCPP ((tcall genVariableUnchecked $ sub $ A.Variable emptyMeta foo) . over) state
     ]
      where
-       state = do defineName (simpleName "foo") $ A.NameDef emptyMeta "foo" "foo" A.VariableName (A.Declaration emptyMeta t) am A.Unplaced
+       state = do defineName (simpleName "foo") $ A.NameDef emptyMeta "foo" "foo" A.VariableName (A.Declaration emptyMeta t Nothing) am A.Unplaced
                   defRecord "bar" "x" $ A.Array [A.Dimension 7] A.Int
        over ops = ops {genArraySubscript = (\_ b _ subs -> at >> (tell [if b then "C" else "U"]) >> (seqComma $ map (call genExpression ops) subs))
                       ,genDirectedVariable = (\_ cg _ -> dollar >> cg >> dollar)}
diff --git a/common/AST.hs b/common/AST.hs
index 7089c0e..5398b5f 100644
--- a/common/AST.hs
+++ b/common/AST.hs
@@ -409,8 +409,8 @@ data Specification =
 data SpecType =
   -- | Set placement for an existing variable.
   Place Meta Expression
-  -- | Declare a variable.
-  | Declaration Meta Type
+  -- | Declare a variable, with an optional value to initialise it to.
+  | Declaration Meta Type (Maybe Expression)
   -- | Declare an abbreviation of a variable.
   | Is Meta AbbrevMode Type Variable
   -- | Declare an abbreviation of an expression.
diff --git a/common/CompState.hs b/common/CompState.hs
index b71bcf9..7c8f940 100644
--- a/common/CompState.hs
+++ b/common/CompState.hs
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ makeNonceProc m p
 -- | Generate and define a counter for a replicator.
 makeNonceCounter :: CSM m => String -> Meta -> m A.Name
 makeNonceCounter s m
-    =  do (A.Specification _ n _) <- defineNonce m s (A.Declaration m A.Int) A.VariableName A.ValAbbrev
+    =  do (A.Specification _ n _) <- defineNonce m s (A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) A.VariableName A.ValAbbrev
           return n
 
 -- | Generate and define a variable abbreviation.
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ makeNonceIsExpr s m t e
 -- | Generate and define a variable.
 makeNonceVariable :: CSM m => String -> Meta -> A.Type -> A.NameType -> A.AbbrevMode -> m A.Specification
 makeNonceVariable s m t nt am
-    = defineNonce m s (A.Declaration m t) nt am
+    = defineNonce m s (A.Declaration m t Nothing) nt am
 --}}}
 
 diePC :: (CSM m, Die m) => Meta -> m String -> m a
diff --git a/common/ShowCode.hs b/common/ShowCode.hs
index b762107..e00c3b0 100644
--- a/common/ShowCode.hs
+++ b/common/ShowCode.hs
@@ -367,8 +367,10 @@ instance ShowOccam A.Specification where
          params' <- showAll (intersperse (return ",") $ map showOccamM params)
          --TODO use the occamdoc setting
          showOccamLine (return $ "PROC " ++ n' ++ "(" ++ params' ++ ")") +>> occamIndent +>> showOccamM body +>> occamOutdent +>> showOccamLine (return ":")
-  showOccamM (A.Specification _ n (A.Declaration _ t))
+  showOccamM (A.Specification _ n (A.Declaration _ t Nothing))
     = showOccamLine $ showOccamM t +>> space +>> showName n +>> colon
+  showOccamM (A.Specification _ n (A.Declaration _ t (Just e)))
+    = showOccamLine $ return "INITIAL " +>> showOccamM t +>> space +>> showName n +>> return " IS " +>> showOccamM e +>> colon
   showOccamM (A.Specification _ n (A.Is _ am t v))
     = showOccamLine $ (maybeVal am) +>> showOccamM t +>> space +>> showName n +>> return " IS " +>> showOccamM v +>> colon
   showOccamM (A.Specification _ n (A.IsExpr _ am t e))
diff --git a/common/TestUtil.hs b/common/TestUtil.hs
index e927c6d..0373ca2 100644
--- a/common/TestUtil.hs
+++ b/common/TestUtil.hs
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ simpleDef n sp = A.NameDef {A.ndMeta = m, A.ndName = n, A.ndOrigName = n, A.ndNa
 
 -- | A simple definition of a declared variable
 simpleDefDecl :: String -> A.Type -> A.NameDef
-simpleDefDecl n t = simpleDef n (A.Declaration m t)
+simpleDefDecl n t = simpleDef n (A.Declaration m t Nothing)
 
 -- | A pattern that will match simpleDef, with a different abbreviation mode
 simpleDefPattern :: String -> A.AbbrevMode -> Pattern -> Pattern
diff --git a/common/Types.hs b/common/Types.hs
index 4cc1b3b..63312bd 100644
--- a/common/Types.hs
+++ b/common/Types.hs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ typeOfName n
 typeOfSpec :: (CSM m, Die m) => A.SpecType -> m (Maybe A.Type)
 typeOfSpec st
         = case st of
-            A.Declaration _ t -> return $ Just t
+            A.Declaration _ t _ -> return $ Just t
             A.Is _ _ _ v -> (liftM Just) (typeOfVariable v)
             A.IsExpr _ _ _ e -> (liftM Just) (typeOfExpression e)
             A.IsChannelArray _ _ (c:_) -> liftM (Just . (A.Array [A.UnknownDimension])) $ typeOfVariable c
diff --git a/frontends/ParseOccam.hs b/frontends/ParseOccam.hs
index de4a14f..6be7d2a 100644
--- a/frontends/ParseOccam.hs
+++ b/frontends/ParseOccam.hs
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ scopeOut n@(A.Name m nt s)
 -- FIXME: Do these with generics? (going carefully to avoid nested code blocks)
 scopeInRep :: A.Replicator -> OccParser A.Replicator
 scopeInRep (A.For m n b c)
-    =  do n' <- scopeIn n (A.Declaration m A.Int) A.ValAbbrev
+    =  do n' <- scopeIn n (A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) A.ValAbbrev
           return $ A.For m n' b c
 
 scopeOutRep :: A.Replicator -> OccParser ()
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ scopeOutSpec (A.Specification _ n _) = scopeOut n
 
 scopeInFormal :: A.Formal -> OccParser A.Formal
 scopeInFormal (A.Formal am t n)
-    =  do n' <- scopeIn n (A.Declaration (A.nameMeta n) t) am
+    =  do n' <- scopeIn n (A.Declaration (A.nameMeta n) t Nothing) am
           return (A.Formal am t n')
 
 scopeInFormals :: [A.Formal] -> OccParser [A.Formal]
@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ declOf spec newName
     =  do m <- md
           (d, ns) <- tryVVX spec (sepBy1 newName sComma) sColon
           eol
-          return (ns, A.Declaration m d)
+          return (ns, A.Declaration m d Nothing)
 
 abbreviation :: OccParser A.Specification
 abbreviation
diff --git a/frontends/ParseRain.hs b/frontends/ParseRain.hs
index 3d2e8d2..0608c13 100644
--- a/frontends/ParseRain.hs
+++ b/frontends/ParseRain.hs
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ declaration = try $ do {t <- dataType; sColon ; ns <- name `sepBy1` sComma ; sSe
                           return (findMeta t, \x -> foldr (foldSpec t) x ns) }
   where
     foldSpec :: A.Type -> A.Name -> (A.Structured -> A.Structured)
-    foldSpec t n = A.Spec (findMeta t) $ A.Specification (findMeta t) n $ A.Declaration (findMeta t) t
+    foldSpec t n = A.Spec (findMeta t) $ A.Specification (findMeta t) n $ A.Declaration (findMeta t) t Nothing
 
 terminator :: A.Structured
 terminator = A.Several emptyMeta []
diff --git a/frontends/ParseRainTest.hs b/frontends/ParseRainTest.hs
index a581a0f..23c99d8 100644
--- a/frontends/ParseRainTest.hs
+++ b/frontends/ParseRainTest.hs
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ testParseFail (text,prod)
 emptyBlock :: A.Process
 emptyBlock = A.Seq m $ A.Several m []
 
+noInit :: Maybe A.Expression
+noInit = Nothing
 
 --You are allowed to chain arithmetic operators without brackets, but not comparison operators
 -- (the meaning of "b == c == d" is obscure enough to be dangerous, even if it passes the type checker)
@@ -330,14 +332,14 @@ testPar =
   --Rain only allows declarations at the beginning of a par block:
 
   ,pass ("par {int:x; {} }",RP.statement,
-    assertEqual "Par Decl Test 0" $ A.Par m A.PlainPar $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.Int) $ A.Several m 
+    assertEqual "Par Decl Test 0" $ A.Par m A.PlainPar $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) $ A.Several m 
       [A.OnlyP m $ A.Seq m $ A.Several m []] )
       
 
   ,pass ("par {uint16:x; uint32:y; {} }",RP.statement,
     assertEqual "Par Decl Test 1" $ A.Par m A.PlainPar $ 
-      A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.UInt16) $ 
-      A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "y") $ A.Declaration m A.UInt32) $ 
+      A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.UInt16 Nothing) $ 
+      A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "y") $ A.Declaration m A.UInt32 Nothing) $ 
       A.Several m [A.OnlyP m $ A.Seq m $ A.Several m []] )
       
   ,fail ("par { {} int: x; }",RP.statement)
@@ -351,16 +353,16 @@ testBlock =
   ,pass("{ a = b; b = c; }",RP.innerBlock False,assertPatternMatch "testBlock 1" (tag2 A.Several DontCare 
     [tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ makeSimpleAssignPattern "a" "b",tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ makeSimpleAssignPattern "b" "c"]) )
   ,pass("{ uint8: x; a = b; }",RP.innerBlock False,assertPatternMatch "testBlock 2" $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare 
-    (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "x") $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Byte) $ tag2 A.Several DontCare 
+    (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "x") $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Byte noInit) $ tag2 A.Several DontCare 
     [tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ makeSimpleAssignPattern "a" "b"]
    )
   ,pass("{ uint8: x; a = b; b = c; }",RP.innerBlock False,assertPatternMatch "testBlock 3" $ tag3 A.Spec DontCare 
-    (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "x") $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Byte) $ tag2 A.Several DontCare 
+    (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "x") $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Byte noInit) $ tag2 A.Several DontCare 
     [tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ makeSimpleAssignPattern "a" "b",tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ makeSimpleAssignPattern "b" "c"]
    )   
   ,pass("{ b = c; uint8: x; a = b; }",RP.innerBlock False,assertPatternMatch "testBlock 4" $ tag2 A.Several DontCare [tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ makeSimpleAssignPattern "b" "c",
     tag3 A.Spec DontCare 
-      (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "x") $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Byte) $ tag2 A.Several DontCare 
+      (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "x") $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Byte noInit) $ tag2 A.Several DontCare 
     [tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ makeSimpleAssignPattern "a" "b"]
    ])
   ,fail("{b}",RP.innerBlock False)
@@ -496,13 +498,13 @@ testDataType =
 testDecl :: [ParseTest (Meta, A.Structured -> A.Structured)]
 testDecl =
  [
-  passd ("bool: b;",0,tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "b") $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Bool)
-  ,passd ("uint8: x;",1,tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "x") $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Byte)
-  ,passd ("?bool: bc;",2,tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "bc") $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare $ A.Chan A.DirInput nonShared A.Bool)
-  ,passd ("a: b;",3,tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "b") $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare (tag1 A.UserDataType $ tag3 A.Name DontCare A.DataTypeName "a"))
+  passd ("bool: b;",0,tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "b") $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Bool noInit)
+  ,passd ("uint8: x;",1,tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "x") $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Byte noInit)
+  ,passd ("?bool: bc;",2,tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "bc") $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare (A.Chan A.DirInput nonShared A.Bool) noInit)
+  ,passd ("a: b;",3,tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "b") $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare (tag1 A.UserDataType $ tag3 A.Name DontCare A.DataTypeName "a") noInit)
 
-  ,passd2 ("bool: b0,b1;",100,tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "b0") $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Bool,
-                                tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "b1") $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Bool)
+  ,passd2 ("bool: b0,b1;",100,tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "b0") $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Bool noInit,
+                                tag3 A.Specification DontCare (simpleNamePattern "b1") $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Bool noInit)
   
   
   ,fail ("bool:;",RP.declaration)
diff --git a/frontends/RainPasses.hs b/frontends/RainPasses.hs
index ae1b66a..4c69e9d 100644
--- a/frontends/RainPasses.hs
+++ b/frontends/RainPasses.hs
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ uniquifyAndResolveVars = everywhereM (mkM uniquifyAndResolveVars')
                     let newName = (n {A.nameName = n'})
                     let m = A.nameMeta n
                     defineName newName A.NameDef {A.ndMeta = m, A.ndName = n', A.ndOrigName = A.nameName n, 
-                                                  A.ndNameType = A.VariableName, A.ndType = (A.Declaration m t),
+                                                  A.ndNameType = A.VariableName, A.ndType = (A.Declaration m t Nothing),
                                                   A.ndAbbrevMode = am, A.ndPlacement = A.Unplaced}
                     let scope' = everywhere (mkT $ replaceNameName (A.nameName n) n') scope
                     return (A.Formal am t newName, scope')
diff --git a/frontends/RainPassesTest.hs b/frontends/RainPassesTest.hs
index d7d0c95..1aa8906 100644
--- a/frontends/RainPassesTest.hs
+++ b/frontends/RainPassesTest.hs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ testEachPass0 :: Test
 testEachPass0 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testEachPass0" exp (transformEach orig) startState' check
   where
     startState' :: State CompState ()
-    startState' = do defineName (simpleName "c") $ simpleDef "c" (A.Declaration m A.Byte)
+    startState' = do defineName (simpleName "c") $ simpleDef "c" (A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing)
     
     orig = A.Seq m 
              (A.Rep m 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ testEachPass0 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testEachPass0" exp (tran
     check (items,st) = 
       do case castADI (Map.lookup "indexVar" items) of
            Just indexVarName -> assertVarDef "testEachPass0" st (A.nameName indexVarName) 
-             (simpleDefPattern (A.nameName indexVarName) A.Original (tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Int64)) 
+             (simpleDefPattern (A.nameName indexVarName) A.Original (tag3 A.Declaration m A.Int64 (Nothing :: Maybe A.Expression))) 
            Nothing -> assertFailure "testEachPass0: Internal error, indexVar not found"
          case castADI (Map.lookup "listVarName" items) of
            Just listVarName -> assertVarDef "testEachPass0" st (A.nameName listVarName)
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ testEachPass1 :: Test
 testEachPass1 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testEachPass0" exp (transformEach orig) startState' check
   where
     startState' :: State CompState ()
-    startState' = do defineName (simpleName "c") $ simpleDef "c" (A.Declaration m A.Byte)
-                     defineName (simpleName "d") $ simpleDef "d" (A.Declaration m (A.Array [A.Dimension 10] A.Byte))
+    startState' = do defineName (simpleName "c") $ simpleDef "c" (A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing)
+                     defineName (simpleName "d") $ simpleDef "d" (A.Declaration m (A.Array [A.Dimension 10] A.Byte) Nothing)
 
     orig = A.Par m A.PlainPar
              (A.Rep m
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ testEachPass1 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testEachPass0" exp (tran
     check (items,st) = 
       do case castADI (Map.lookup "indexVar" items) of
            Just indexVarName -> assertVarDef "testEachPass1" st (A.nameName indexVarName) 
-             (simpleDefPattern (A.nameName indexVarName) A.Original (tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Int64)) 
+             (simpleDefPattern (A.nameName indexVarName) A.Original (tag3 A.Declaration m A.Int64 (Nothing :: Maybe A.Expression)))
            Nothing -> assertFailure "testEachPass1: Internal error, indexVar not found"
 
 testEachRangePass0 :: Test
@@ -172,22 +172,22 @@ testEachRangePass3 = TestCase $ testPass "testEachRangePass3" exp (transformEach
 testUnique0 :: Test
 testUnique0 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testUnique0" exp (uniquifyAndResolveVars orig) (return ()) check
   where
-    orig = A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "c") $ A.Declaration m $ A.Byte) skipP
-    exp = tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "newc" DontCare) $ A.Declaration m $ A.Byte) skipP
+    orig = A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "c") $ A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) skipP
+    exp = tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "newc" DontCare) $ A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) skipP
     check (items,state) 
       = do newcName <- castAssertADI (Map.lookup "newc" items)
            assertNotEqual "testUnique0: Variable was not made unique" "c" (A.nameName newcName)
            assertVarDef "testUnique0: Variable was not recorded" state (A.nameName newcName)
-             (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName newcName) "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte) A.Original A.Unplaced)
+             (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName newcName) "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) A.Original A.Unplaced)
 
 -- | Tests that two declarations of a variable with the same name are indeed made unique:
 testUnique1 :: Test
 testUnique1 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testUnique1" exp (uniquifyAndResolveVars orig) (return ()) check
   where
-    orig = A.Several m [A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "c") $ A.Declaration m $ A.Byte) skipP,
-                        A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "c") $ A.Declaration m $ A.Int64) skipP]
-    exp = tag2 A.Several m [tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "newc0" DontCare) $ A.Declaration m $ A.Byte) skipP,
-                            tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "newc1" DontCare) $ A.Declaration m $ A.Int64) skipP]
+    orig = A.Several m [A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "c") $ A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) skipP,
+                        A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "c") $ A.Declaration m A.Int64 Nothing) skipP]
+    exp = tag2 A.Several m [tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "newc0" DontCare) $ A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) skipP,
+                            tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "newc1" DontCare) $ A.Declaration m A.Int64 Nothing) skipP]
     check (items,state) 
                 = do newc0Name <- castAssertADI (Map.lookup "newc0" items)
                      newc1Name <- castAssertADI (Map.lookup "newc1" items)
@@ -195,16 +195,16 @@ testUnique1 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testUnique1" exp (uniquify
                      assertNotEqual "testUnique1: Variable was not made unique" "c" (A.nameName newc1Name)
                      assertNotEqual "testUnique1: Variables were not made unique" (A.nameName newc0Name) (A.nameName newc1Name)
                      assertVarDef "testUnique1: Variable was not recorded" state (A.nameName newc0Name)
-                       (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName newc0Name) "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte) A.Original A.Unplaced)
+                       (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName newc0Name) "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) A.Original A.Unplaced)
                      assertVarDef "testUnique1: Variable was not recorded" state (A.nameName newc1Name)
-                       (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName newc1Name) "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Int64) A.Original A.Unplaced)
+                       (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName newc1Name) "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Int64 Nothing) A.Original A.Unplaced)
 
 -- | Tests that the unique pass does resolve the variables that are in scope
 testUnique2 :: Test
 testUnique2 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testUnique2" exp (uniquifyAndResolveVars orig) (return ()) check
   where
-    orig = A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "c") $ A.Declaration m $ A.Byte) (A.OnlyP m $ makeSimpleAssign "c" "d")
-    exp = tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "newc" DontCare) $ A.Declaration m $ A.Byte) 
+    orig = A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "c") $ A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) (A.OnlyP m $ makeSimpleAssign "c" "d")
+    exp = tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "newc" DontCare) $ A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing)
       (tag2 A.OnlyP m $ tag3 A.Assign DontCare [tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "newc" DontCare)] (tag2 A.ExpressionList DontCare [(exprVariable "d")]))
     check (items,state) = do newcName <- castAssertADI (Map.lookup "newc" items)
                              assertNotEqual "testUnique2: Variable was not made unique" "c" (A.nameName newcName)
@@ -213,9 +213,9 @@ testUnique2 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testUnique2" exp (uniquify
 testUnique2b :: Test
 testUnique2b = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testUnique2b" exp (uniquifyAndResolveVars orig) (return ()) check
   where
-    orig = A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "c") $ A.Declaration m $ A.Byte) $
+    orig = A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "c") $ A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) $
     	A.Several m [(A.OnlyP m $ makeSimpleAssign "c" "d"),(A.OnlyP m $ makeSimpleAssign "c" "e")]
-    exp = tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "newc" DontCare) $ A.Declaration m $ A.Byte) $
+    exp = tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "newc" DontCare) $ A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) $
       tag2 A.Several DontCare [
         (tag2 A.OnlyP m $ tag3 A.Assign DontCare [tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "newc" DontCare)] (tag2 A.ExpressionList DontCare [(exprVariable "d")]))
         ,(tag2 A.OnlyP m $ tag3 A.Assign DontCare [tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "newc" DontCare)] (tag2 A.ExpressionList DontCare [(exprVariable "e")]))
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ testUnique4 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testUnique4" exp (uniquify
       = do newcName <- castAssertADI (Map.lookup "newc" items)
            assertNotEqual "testUnique4: Variable was not made unique" "c" (A.nameName newcName)
            assertVarDef "testUnique4: Variable was not recorded" state (A.nameName newcName)
-             (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName newcName) "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte) A.ValAbbrev A.Unplaced)
+             (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName newcName) "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) A.ValAbbrev A.Unplaced)
            assertVarDef "testUnique4: Variable was not recorded" state "foo"
              (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare "foo" "foo" A.ProcName (tag4 A.Proc DontCare A.PlainSpec 
                [tag3 A.Formal A.ValAbbrev A.Byte newcName] (bodyPattern newcName)) A.Original A.Unplaced)
@@ -269,32 +269,32 @@ testRecordInfNames0 = TestCase $ testPassWithStateCheck "testRecordInfNames0" ex
     orig =  (A.Rep m (A.ForEach m (simpleName "c") (makeLiteralString "hello")) skipP)
     exp = orig
     check state = assertVarDef "testRecordInfNames0" state "c" 
-      (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare "c" "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte) A.Original A.Unplaced)
+      (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare "c" "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) A.Original A.Unplaced)
       
 -- | checks that c's type is recorded in: ***each (c : str) {}, where str is known to be of type string
 testRecordInfNames1 :: Test
 testRecordInfNames1 = TestCase $ testPassWithStateCheck "testRecordInfNames1" exp (recordInfNameTypes orig) (startState') check
   where
     startState' :: State CompState ()
-    startState' = do defineName (simpleName "str") $ simpleDef "str" (A.Declaration m (A.Array [A.Dimension 10] A.Byte))
+    startState' = do defineName (simpleName "str") $ simpleDef "str" (A.Declaration m (A.Array [A.Dimension 10] A.Byte) Nothing)
     orig =  (A.Rep m (A.ForEach m (simpleName "c") (exprVariable "str")) skipP)
     exp = orig
     check state = assertVarDef "testRecordInfNames1" state "c" 
-      (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare "c" "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte) A.Original A.Unplaced)      
+      (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare "c" "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) A.Original A.Unplaced)      
 
 -- | checks that c's and d's type are recorded in: ***each (c : multi) { seqeach (d : c) {} } where multi is known to be of type [string]
 testRecordInfNames2 :: Test
 testRecordInfNames2 = TestCase $ testPassWithStateCheck "testRecordInfNames2" exp (recordInfNameTypes orig) (startState') check
   where
     startState' :: State CompState ()
-    startState' = do defineName (simpleName "multi") $ simpleDef "multi" (A.Declaration m (A.Array [A.Dimension 10, A.Dimension 20] A.Byte))
+    startState' = do defineName (simpleName "multi") $ simpleDef "multi" (A.Declaration m (A.Array [A.Dimension 10, A.Dimension 20] A.Byte) Nothing)
     orig =  A.Rep m (A.ForEach m (simpleName "c") (exprVariable "multi")) $
       A.OnlyP m $ A.Seq m $ A.Rep m (A.ForEach m (simpleName "d") (exprVariable "c")) skipP
     exp = orig
     check state = do assertVarDef "testRecordInfNames2" state "c" 
-                      (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare "c" "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m (A.Array [A.Dimension 20] A.Byte)) A.Original A.Unplaced)
+                      (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare "c" "c" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m (A.Array [A.Dimension 20] A.Byte) Nothing) A.Original A.Unplaced)
                      assertVarDef "testRecordInfNames2" state "d" 
-                      (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare "d" "d" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte) A.Original A.Unplaced)                          
+                      (tag7 A.NameDef DontCare "d" "d" A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) A.Original A.Unplaced)                          
 
 -- | checks that doing a foreach over a non-array type is barred:
 testRecordInfNames3 :: Test
@@ -491,18 +491,18 @@ testPullUpParDecl1 :: Test
 testPullUpParDecl1 = TestCase $ testPass "testPullUpParDecl1" exp (pullUpParDeclarations orig) (return ())
   where
     orig = A.Par m A.PlainPar $
-      A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.Int) (A.Several m [])
-    exp = A.Seq m $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.Int) (A.OnlyP m $ A.Par m A.PlainPar $ A.Several m [])
+      A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) (A.Several m [])
+    exp = A.Seq m $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) (A.OnlyP m $ A.Par m A.PlainPar $ A.Several m [])
 
 testPullUpParDecl2 :: Test
 testPullUpParDecl2 = TestCase $ testPass "testPullUpParDecl2" exp (pullUpParDeclarations orig) (return ())
   where
     orig = A.Par m A.PlainPar $
-      A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.Int) $
-      A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "y") $ A.Declaration m A.Byte) $
+      A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) $
+      A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "y") $ A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing) $
       (A.Several m [])
-    exp = A.Seq m $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.Int) 
-                  $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "y") $ A.Declaration m A.Byte)
+    exp = A.Seq m $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "x") $ A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) 
+                  $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "y") $ A.Declaration m A.Byte Nothing)
                     (A.OnlyP m $ A.Par m A.PlainPar $ A.Several m [])
 
 ---Returns the list of tests:
diff --git a/frontends/RainTypes.hs b/frontends/RainTypes.hs
index da786a9..9a21324 100644
--- a/frontends/RainTypes.hs
+++ b/frontends/RainTypes.hs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ recordInfNameTypes = everywhereM (mkM recordInfNameTypes')
                  _ -> A.Array innerDims t               
              _ -> dieP m "Cannot do a foreach loop over a non-array type (or array with zero dimensions)"
            defineName n A.NameDef {A.ndMeta = m, A.ndName = A.nameName n, A.ndOrigName = A.nameName n, 
-                                   A.ndNameType = A.VariableName, A.ndType = (A.Declaration m innerT), 
+                                   A.ndNameType = A.VariableName, A.ndType = (A.Declaration m innerT Nothing), 
                                    A.ndAbbrevMode = A.Original, A.ndPlacement = A.Unplaced}
            return input
     recordInfNameTypes' r = return r
diff --git a/transformations/PassTest.hs b/transformations/PassTest.hs
index 56ef953..96ca486 100644
--- a/transformations/PassTest.hs
+++ b/transformations/PassTest.hs
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ import SimplifyExprs
 import TestUtil
 import TreeUtil
 
+noInit :: Maybe A.Expression
+noInit = Nothing
+
 valof0 :: A.Structured 
 valof0 = A.OnlyEL m $ A.ExpressionList m [intLiteral 0]
 
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ testFunctionsToProcs0 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testFunctionsToP
                              --check return parameters were defined:
     check (items,state) = do ret0 <- ((assertGetItemCast "ret0" items) :: IO A.Name)                        
                              assertVarDef "testFunctionsToProcs0" state (A.nameName ret0) $
-                               tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName ret0) (A.nameName ret0) A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Int) A.Abbrev A.Unplaced
+                               tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName ret0) (A.nameName ret0) A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) A.Abbrev A.Unplaced
                              --check proc was defined:
                              assertVarDef "testFunctionsToProcs0" state "foo" $
                                tag7 A.NameDef DontCare ("foo") ("foo") A.ProcName procSpec A.Original A.Unplaced
@@ -96,9 +99,9 @@ testFunctionsToProcs1 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testFunctionsToP
     check (items,state) = do ret0 <- ((assertGetItemCast "ret0" items) :: IO A.Name)
                              ret1 <- ((assertGetItemCast "ret1" items) :: IO A.Name)
                              assertVarDef "testFunctionsToProcs1 B" state (A.nameName ret0) $
-                               tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName ret0) (A.nameName ret0) A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Int) A.Abbrev A.Unplaced
+                               tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName ret0) (A.nameName ret0) A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) A.Abbrev A.Unplaced
                              assertVarDef "testFunctionsToProcs1 C" state (A.nameName ret1) $
-                               tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName ret1) (A.nameName ret1) A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Real32) A.Abbrev A.Unplaced
+                               tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName ret1) (A.nameName ret1) A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Real32 Nothing) A.Abbrev A.Unplaced
                              --check proc was defined:
                              assertVarDef "testFunctionsToProcs1 D" state "foo" $
                                tag7 A.NameDef DontCare ("foo") ("foo") A.ProcName procBody A.Original A.Unplaced
@@ -126,9 +129,9 @@ testFunctionsToProcs2 = TestCase $ testPassWithItemsStateCheck "testFunctionsToP
     check (items,state) = do retOuter0 <- ((assertGetItemCast "retOuter0" items) :: IO A.Name)
                              ret0 <- ((assertGetItemCast "ret0" items) :: IO A.Name)
                              assertVarDef "testFunctionsToProcs2 B" state (A.nameName ret0) $
-                               tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName ret0) (A.nameName ret0) A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Int) A.Abbrev A.Unplaced
+                               tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName ret0) (A.nameName ret0) A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) A.Abbrev A.Unplaced
                              assertVarDef "testFunctionsToProcs2 C" state (A.nameName retOuter0) $
-                               tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName retOuter0) (A.nameName retOuter0) A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Int) A.Abbrev A.Unplaced
+                               tag7 A.NameDef DontCare (A.nameName retOuter0) (A.nameName retOuter0) A.VariableName (A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing) A.Abbrev A.Unplaced
                              --check proc was defined:
                              assertVarDef "testFunctionsToProcs2 D" state "foo" $
                                tag7 A.NameDef DontCare ("foo") ("foo") A.ProcName (singleParamSpecExp DontCare) A.Original A.Unplaced
@@ -149,9 +152,9 @@ testTransformConstr0 = TestCase $ testPass "transformConstr0" exp (transformCons
       A.RepConstr m (A.For m (simpleName "x") (intLiteral 0) (intLiteral 10)) (exprVariable "x")
       ) skipP
     exp = nameAndStopCaringPattern "indexVar" "i" $ mkPattern exp'
-    exp' = A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "arr") (A.Declaration m (A.Array [A.Dimension 10] A.Int))) $ 
+    exp' = A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "arr") (A.Declaration m (A.Array [A.Dimension 10] A.Int) Nothing)) $ 
       A.ProcThen m 
-      (A.Seq m $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "i") (A.Declaration m A.Int)) $
+      (A.Seq m $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m (simpleName "i") (A.Declaration m A.Int Nothing)) $
           A.Several m [A.OnlyP m $ A.Assign m [variable "i"] $ A.ExpressionList m [intLiteral 0],
             A.Rep m (A.For m (simpleName "x") (intLiteral 0) (intLiteral 10)) $ A.OnlyP m $ A.Seq m $ A.Several m
             [A.OnlyP m $ A.Assign m [A.SubscriptedVariable m (A.Subscript m $ exprVariable "i") (variable "arr")] $ A.ExpressionList m [exprVariable "x"],
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@ testInputCase = TestList
    -}
    TestCase $ testPass "testInputCase 0"     
        (tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ 
-          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare) $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Int) $
+          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare) $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Int noInit) $
           tag2 A.Several DontCare
          [tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag3 A.Input DontCare c $ tag2 A.InputSimple DontCare [tag2 A.InVariable DontCare $ tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare)]
          ,tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag3 A.Case DontCare (tag2 A.ExprVariable DontCare $ tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare)) $
@@ -316,7 +319,7 @@ testInputCase = TestList
    -}
    ,TestCase $ testPass "testInputCase 1"
        (tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ 
-          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare) $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Int) $
+          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare) $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Int noInit) $
           tag2 A.Several DontCare
          [tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag3 A.Input DontCare c $ tag2 A.InputSimple DontCare [tag2 A.InVariable DontCare $ tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare)]
          ,tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag3 A.Case DontCare (tag2 A.ExprVariable DontCare $ tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare)) $ tag2 A.Several emptyMeta
@@ -374,7 +377,7 @@ testInputCase = TestList
    -}
    ,TestCase $ testPass "testInputCase 2"
        (tag2 A.Seq DontCare $ 
-          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare) $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Int) $
+          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare) $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Int noInit) $
           tag2 A.Several DontCare
          [tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag3 A.Input DontCare c $ tag2 A.InputSimple DontCare [tag2 A.InVariable DontCare $ tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare)]
          ,tag2 A.OnlyP DontCare $ tag3 A.Case DontCare (tag2 A.ExprVariable DontCare $ tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare)) $ tag2 A.Several emptyMeta
@@ -416,7 +419,7 @@ testInputCase = TestList
    -}
    ,TestCase $ testPass "testInputCase 100"
        (tag3 A.Alt DontCare False $ 
-          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare) $ tag2 A.Declaration DontCare A.Int) $
+          tag3 A.Spec DontCare (tag3 A.Specification DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare) $ tag3 A.Declaration DontCare A.Int noInit) $
           tag2 A.OnlyA DontCare $ tag4 A.Alternative DontCare c
             (tag2 A.InputSimple DontCare [tag2 A.InVariable DontCare $ tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare)]) $
           tag3 A.Case DontCare (tag2 A.ExprVariable DontCare $ tag2 A.Variable DontCare (Named "tag" DontCare)) $
@@ -447,8 +450,8 @@ testInputCase = TestList
       A.Original A.Unplaced
     defineC = defineName (simpleName "c") $ simpleDefDecl "c" (A.Chan A.DirUnknown (A.ChanAttributes False False) (A.UserProtocol $ simpleName "prot"))
     
-    specInt s = A.Spec emptyMeta (A.Specification emptyMeta (simpleName s) $ A.Declaration emptyMeta A.Int)
-    specIntPatt s = tag3 A.Spec emptyMeta (A.Specification emptyMeta (simpleName s) $ A.Declaration emptyMeta A.Int)
+    specInt s = A.Spec emptyMeta (A.Specification emptyMeta (simpleName s) $ A.Declaration emptyMeta A.Int Nothing)
+    specIntPatt s = tag3 A.Spec emptyMeta (A.Specification emptyMeta (simpleName s) $ A.Declaration emptyMeta A.Int Nothing)
                              
 --Returns the list of tests:
 tests :: Test
diff --git a/transformations/SimplifyComms.hs b/transformations/SimplifyComms.hs
index 17ef40b..5b751dc 100644
--- a/transformations/SimplifyComms.hs
+++ b/transformations/SimplifyComms.hs
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ transformInputCase = doGeneric `extM` doProcess
 
     doProcess :: A.Process -> PassM A.Process
     doProcess (A.Input m v (A.InputCase m' s))
-      = do spec@(A.Specification _ n _) <- defineNonce m "input_tag" (A.Declaration m' A.Int) A.VariableName A.Original
+      = do spec@(A.Specification _ n _) <- defineNonce m "input_tag" (A.Declaration m' A.Int Nothing) A.VariableName A.Original
            s' <- doStructured v s
            return $ A.Seq m $ A.Spec m' spec $ A.Several m'
              [A.OnlyP m $ A.Input m v (A.InputSimple m [A.InVariable m (A.Variable m n)])
@@ -181,13 +181,13 @@ transformInputCase = doGeneric `extM` doProcess
     -- Transform alt guards:
     -- The processes that are the body of input-case guards are always skip, so we can discard them:
     doStructured _ (A.OnlyA m (A.Alternative m' v (A.InputCase m'' s) _))
-      = do spec@(A.Specification _ n _) <- defineNonce m "input_tag" (A.Declaration m' A.Int) A.VariableName A.Original
+      = do spec@(A.Specification _ n _) <- defineNonce m "input_tag" (A.Declaration m' A.Int Nothing) A.VariableName A.Original
            s' <- doStructured v s
            return $ A.Spec m' spec $ A.OnlyA m $ 
              A.Alternative m' v (A.InputSimple m [A.InVariable m (A.Variable m n)]) $
              A.Case m'' (A.ExprVariable m'' $ A.Variable m n) s'
     doStructured _ (A.OnlyA m (A.AlternativeCond m' e v (A.InputCase m'' s) _))
-      = do spec@(A.Specification _ n _) <- defineNonce m "input_tag" (A.Declaration m' A.Int) A.VariableName A.Original
+      = do spec@(A.Specification _ n _) <- defineNonce m "input_tag" (A.Declaration m' A.Int Nothing) A.VariableName A.Original
            s' <- doStructured v s
            return $ A.Spec m' spec $ A.OnlyA m $ 
              A.AlternativeCond m' e v (A.InputSimple m [A.InVariable m (A.Variable m n)]) $
diff --git a/transformations/SimplifyExprs.hs b/transformations/SimplifyExprs.hs
index d501e18..82883b9 100644
--- a/transformations/SimplifyExprs.hs
+++ b/transformations/SimplifyExprs.hs
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ transformConstr = doGeneric `extM` doStructured
     doStructured (A.Spec m (A.Specification m' n (A.IsExpr _ _ t (A.ExprConstr m'' (A.RepConstr _ rep exp)))) scope)
       = do indexVarSpec@(A.Specification _ indexVar _) <- makeNonceVariable "array_constr_index" m'' A.Int A.VariableName A.Original
            scope' <- doGeneric scope
-           return $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m' n (A.Declaration m' t)) $ A.ProcThen m''
+           return $ A.Spec m (A.Specification m' n (A.Declaration m' t Nothing)) $ A.ProcThen m''
              (A.Seq m'' $ A.Spec m'' (indexVarSpec) $ A.Several m'' [
                A.OnlyP m'' $ A.Assign m'' [A.Variable m'' indexVar] $ A.ExpressionList m'' [A.Literal m'' A.Int $ A.IntLiteral m'' "0"],
                A.Rep m'' rep $ A.OnlyP m'' $ A.Seq m'' $ A.Several m''