diff --git a/pass/Pass.hs b/pass/Pass.hs
index ea6d110..b1e96b0 100644
--- a/pass/Pass.hs
+++ b/pass/Pass.hs
@@ -125,15 +125,40 @@ passOnlyOnAST name func x
         Nothing -> dieP emptyMeta $ name ++ " crazy cast error at top-level"
         Just y' -> return y'
 
-rainOnlyPass :: String -> [Property] -> [Property] -> (forall t. Data t => t -> PassM t) -> Pass
-rainOnlyPass name pre post code
+type PassMaker = String -> [Property] -> [Property] -> (forall t. Data t => t -> PassM t) -> Pass
+
+passMakerHelper :: (CompState -> Bool) -> PassMaker
+passMakerHelper f name pre post code
   = Pass {passCode = code
          ,passName = name
          ,passPre = Set.fromList pre
          ,passPost = Set.fromList post
-         ,passEnabled = (== FrontendRain) . csFrontend
+         ,passEnabled = f
          }
 
+rainOnlyPass :: PassMaker
+rainOnlyPass = passMakerHelper $ (== FrontendRain) . csFrontend
+
+occamOnlyPass :: PassMaker
+occamOnlyPass = passMakerHelper $ (== FrontendOccam) . csFrontend
+
+cOnlyPass :: PassMaker
+cOnlyPass = passMakerHelper $ (== BackendC) . csBackend
+
+cppOnlyPass :: PassMaker
+cppOnlyPass = passMakerHelper $ (== BackendCPPCSP) . csBackend
+
+
+pass :: String -> [Property] -> [Property] -> (forall t. Data t => t -> PassM t) -> Pass
+pass name pre post code
+  = Pass {passCode = code
+         ,passName = name
+         ,passPre = Set.fromList pre
+         ,passPost = Set.fromList post
+         ,passEnabled = const True
+         }
+
+
 -- | Compose a list of passes into a single pass by running them in the order given.
 runPasses :: [Pass] -> (A.AST -> PassM A.AST)
 runPasses [] ast = return ast
diff --git a/pass/PassList.hs b/pass/PassList.hs
index 2ea3234..1b03c9e 100644
--- a/pass/PassList.hs
+++ b/pass/PassList.hs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 -- | Lists of passes
 module PassList (calculatePassList, getPassList) where
 
-import Control.Monad.Error
 import Control.Monad.State
 import Data.List
 import qualified Data.Map as Map