diff --git a/backends/GenerateC.hs b/backends/GenerateC.hs
index 2778a7c..422fcfc 100644
--- a/backends/GenerateC.hs
+++ b/backends/GenerateC.hs
@@ -1420,7 +1420,7 @@ realFormals (A.Formal am t n)
 -- This will use ProcGetParam if the Proc is in csParProcs, or the normal C
 -- calling convention otherwise.
 genProcSpec :: A.Name -> A.SpecType -> Bool -> CGen ()
-genProcSpec n (A.Proc _ sm fs p) forwardDecl
+genProcSpec n (A.Proc _ (sm, _) fs p) forwardDecl
     =  do cs <- getCompState
           let (header, params) = if n `Set.member` csParProcs cs
                                    then (genParHeader, genParParams)
diff --git a/backends/GenerateCPPCSP.hs b/backends/GenerateCPPCSP.hs
index ca86c29..d31d36c 100644
--- a/backends/GenerateCPPCSP.hs
+++ b/backends/GenerateCPPCSP.hs
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ cppgenFormal :: (A.Name -> A.Name) -> A.Formal -> CGen ()
 cppgenFormal nameFunc (A.Formal am t n) = call genDecl am t (nameFunc n)
 
 cppgenForwardDeclaration :: A.Specification -> CGen()
-cppgenForwardDeclaration (A.Specification _ n (A.Proc _ sm fs _))
+cppgenForwardDeclaration (A.Specification _ n (A.Proc _ (sm, _) fs _))
     =  do --Generate the "process" as a C++ function:
           call genSpecMode sm
           tell ["void "]
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ cppgenForwardDeclaration _ = return ()
 
 cppintroduceSpec :: A.Specification -> CGen ()
 --I generate process wrappers for all functions by default:
-cppintroduceSpec (A.Specification _ n (A.Proc _ sm fs p))
+cppintroduceSpec (A.Specification _ n (A.Proc _ (sm, _) fs p))
     =  do --Generate the "process" as a C++ function:
           call genSpecMode sm
           tell ["void "]
diff --git a/data/AST.hs b/data/AST.hs
index 9631187..fbf2033 100644
--- a/data/AST.hs
+++ b/data/AST.hs
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ data SpecType =
   -- The list pairs tag names with item types.
   | ProtocolCase Meta [(Name, [Type])]
   -- | Declare a @PROC@.
-  | Proc Meta SpecMode [Formal] Process
+  | Proc Meta (SpecMode, RecMode) [Formal] Process
   -- | Declare a @FUNCTION@.
   | Function Meta (SpecMode, RecMode) [Type] [Formal]
              (Either (Structured ExpressionList) Process)
diff --git a/data/CompState.hs b/data/CompState.hs
index 546083b..78bbf37 100644
--- a/data/CompState.hs
+++ b/data/CompState.hs
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ defineNonce m s st am
 -- | Generate and define a no-arg wrapper PROC around a process.
 makeNonceProc :: CSM m => Meta -> A.Process -> m A.Specification
 makeNonceProc m p
-    = defineNonce m "wrapper_proc" (A.Proc m A.PlainSpec [] p) A.Abbrev
+    = defineNonce m "wrapper_proc" (A.Proc m (A.PlainSpec, A.PlainRec) [] p) A.Abbrev
 
 -- | Generate and define a counter for a replicator.
 makeNonceCounter :: CSM m => String -> Meta -> m A.Name
diff --git a/frontends/ParseOccam.hs b/frontends/ParseOccam.hs
index d7b0ee1..ddf9aa5 100644
--- a/frontends/ParseOccam.hs
+++ b/frontends/ParseOccam.hs
@@ -409,6 +409,7 @@ scopeInSpec (spec@(A.Specification m n st), nt)
           return $ A.Specification m n' st
   where
     isRecursive (A.Function _ (_, A.Recursive) _ _ _) = True
+    isRecursive (A.Proc _ (_, A.Recursive) _ _) = True
     isRecursive _ = False
 
 scopeOutSpec :: A.Specification -> OccParser ()
@@ -1087,18 +1088,22 @@ definition
            do { sIS; p <- sequentialProtocol; sColon; eol; return (A.Specification m n $ A.Protocol m p, ProtocolName) }
              <|> do { eol; indent; sCASE; eol; ps <- maybeIndentedList m "empty CASE protocol" taggedProtocol; outdent; sColon; eol; return (A.Specification m n $ A.ProtocolCase m ps, ProtocolName) }
     <|> do m <- md
-           (sm, _) <- specMode sPROC
+           (sm, (rm, _)) <- specMode $ recMode sPROC
            n <- newProcName
            fs <- formalList
            eol
            indent
+           n' <- if rm == A.Recursive
+                   then scopeIn n ProcName
+                          (A.Proc m (sm, rm) (map fst fs) (A.Skip m)) A.Original
+                   else return n
            fs' <- scopeInFormals fs
            p <- process
            scopeOutFormals fs'
            outdent
            sColon
            eol
-           return (A.Specification m n $ A.Proc m sm fs' p, ProcName)
+           return (A.Specification m n' $ A.Proc m (sm, rm) fs' p, ProcName)
     <|> do m <- md
            (rs, (sm, (rm, _))) <- tryVV (sepBy1 dataType sComma) (specMode $ recMode sFUNCTION)
            n <- newFunctionName
diff --git a/frontends/ParseRain.hs b/frontends/ParseRain.hs
index 7cd6c5c..bb287d1 100644
--- a/frontends/ParseRain.hs
+++ b/frontends/ParseRain.hs
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ terminator = A.Several emptyMeta []
 processDecl :: RainParser A.AST
 processDecl = do {m <- sProcess ; procName <- name ; params <- tupleDef ; body <- block ;
   return $ A.Spec m
-    (A.Specification m procName (A.Proc m A.PlainSpec (formaliseTuple params) body))
+    (A.Specification m procName (A.Proc m (A.PlainSpec, A.Recursive) (formaliseTuple params) body))
   terminator}
 
 functionDecl :: RainParser A.AST
diff --git a/transformations/SimplifyExprs.hs b/transformations/SimplifyExprs.hs
index afa085e..495f6e9 100644
--- a/transformations/SimplifyExprs.hs
+++ b/transformations/SimplifyExprs.hs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ functionsToProcs = pass "Convert FUNCTIONs to PROCs"
   (applyDepthM doSpecification)
   where
     doSpecification :: A.Specification -> PassM A.Specification
-    doSpecification (A.Specification m n (A.Function mf (sm, _) rts fs evp))
+    doSpecification (A.Specification m n (A.Function mf smrm rts fs evp))
         = do -- Create new names for the return values.
              specs <- sequence [makeNonceVariable "return_formal" mf t A.Abbrev | t <- rts]
              let names = [n | A.Specification mf n _ <- specs]
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ functionsToProcs = pass "Convert FUNCTIONs to PROCs"
              modify $ (\ps -> ps { csFunctionReturns = Map.insert (A.nameName n) rts (csFunctionReturns ps) })
              -- Turn the value process into an assignment process.
              let p = vpToSeq m n evp [A.Variable mf n | n <- names]
-             let st = A.Proc mf sm (fs ++ [A.Formal A.Abbrev t n | (t, n) <- zip rts names]) p
+             let st = A.Proc mf smrm (fs ++ [A.Formal A.Abbrev t n | (t, n) <- zip rts names]) p
              -- Build a new specification and redefine the function.
              let spec = A.Specification m n st
              let nd = A.NameDef {
diff --git a/transformations/SimplifyProcs.hs b/transformations/SimplifyProcs.hs
index 9cd0a24..cbc7533 100644
--- a/transformations/SimplifyProcs.hs
+++ b/transformations/SimplifyProcs.hs
@@ -158,4 +158,4 @@ flattenAssign = pass "Flatten assignment"
                          let code = A.Seq m $ A.Several m $ map (A.Only m) assigns
                          
                          return (A.Spec m (A.Specification m (n {A.nameName = "copy_" ++ A.nameName n})
-                           (A.Proc m A.InlineSpec [A.Formal A.Abbrev t nonceLHS, A.Formal A.ValAbbrev t nonceRHS] code)))
+                           (A.Proc m (A.InlineSpec, A.PlainRec) [A.Formal A.Abbrev t nonceLHS, A.Formal A.ValAbbrev t nonceRHS] code)))