Require Procedure contract to be a chaperone

Closes PR 13746

original commit: 7ea19bf95127adfde0db9d70b9be8d633886b870

pkgs/typed-racket-pkgs/typed-racket-lib/typed-racket/private/type-contract.rkt

@@ -148,7 +148,9 @@
         (loop t 'both structs-seen kind))
       (define (t->c/fun f #:method [method? #f])
         (match f
-          [(Function: (list (top-arr:))) #'(case->)]
+          [(Function: (list (top-arr:)))
+           (set-chaperone!)
+           #'(case->)]
           [(Function: arrs)
            (set-chaperone!)
            ;; Try to generate a single `->*' contract if possible.

pkgs/typed-racket-pkgs/typed-racket-test/tests/typed-racket/fail/pr13746.rkt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#;
+(exn:pred #rx"Procedure could not be converted to a predicate")
+#lang typed/racket
+
+(define-predicate A? Procedure)
+