185 lines
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185 lines
15 KiB
HTML
<html><head><title>Sketcher tutorial/es</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><link type='text/css' href='wiki.css' rel='stylesheet'></head><body><h1>Sketcher tutorial/es</h1></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="es" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><hr/><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="fcinfobox wikitable ct" style="width: 230px; float: right; margin-left: 1em">
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<tr>
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<td class="ctTitle">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tutorial"><a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Base_ExampleCommandModel.png" class="image"><img alt="Base ExampleCommandModel.png" src="32px-Base_ExampleCommandModel.png" width="32" height="30" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/9/93/Base_ExampleCommandModel.png/48px-Base_ExampleCommandModel.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/9/93/Base_ExampleCommandModel.png 2x" /></a> Tutorial</span></h3>
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Tema
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven">Sketcher
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Nivel
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven">Beginner
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Tiempo para completar
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven">10 minutes
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Autor
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:Drei">Drei</a>
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Versión de FreeCAD
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven">0.16 or above
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<th class="ctOdd">Archivo(s) de ejemplo(s)
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctEven">
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="ctToc"><br /><div id="toc" class="toc"><div class="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Tutorial"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Tutorial</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Introduction"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Introduction</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Requirements"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Requirements</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Procedure"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Procedure</span></a>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Creating_a_Sketch"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a Sketch</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Creating_geometry"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Creating geometry</span></a>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Sketcher_construction_geometry"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sketcher construction geometry</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Sketcher_geometry"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sketcher geometry</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Constraints"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Constraints</span></a>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Geometric_Constraints"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Geometric Constraints</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Datum_Constraints"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Datum Constraints</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Further_Reading"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Further Reading</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</td></tr></table>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Introduction">Introduction</span></h3>
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<p>This tutorial is meant to introduce the reader to the basic workflow of the <a href="Sketcher_Workbench.html" title="Sketcher Workbench">Sketcher Workbench</a>. We will be creating a sketch similar to the one shown below.
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</p><p><a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Sketcher_tutorial_result.png" class="image"><img alt="Sketcher tutorial result.png" src="480px-Sketcher_tutorial_result.png" width="480" height="437" srcset="/wiki/images/6/6f/Sketcher_tutorial_result.png 1.5x" /></a>
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</p><p>The Sketcher workbench exists as a standalone module, but it is also accessible from within the <a href="PartDesign_Workbench.html" title="PartDesign Workbench">PartDesign Workbench</a> when it is required to create a <b>profile</b>.
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</p><p><br />
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</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Requirements">Requirements</span></h3>
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<ul><li> FreeCAD version 0.16 or above</li></ul>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Procedure">Procedure</span></h3>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_a_Sketch">Creating a Sketch</span></h4>
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<ol><li> Create a new document</li>
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<li> Switch to the Sketcher Workbench by using the <b>drop-down menu</b> or by clicking on <b>View menu > Workbench > Sketcher</b>.</li>
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<li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Sketcher_NewSketch.png" class="image"><img alt="Sketcher NewSketch.png" src="32px-Sketcher_NewSketch.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/4/46/Sketcher_NewSketch.png/48px-Sketcher_NewSketch.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/4/46/Sketcher_NewSketch.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Sketcher_NewSketch.html" title="Sketcher NewSketch">New sketch</a></li></ol>
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<p>We are now inside the Sketcher environment. Within it, we're able to make use of the majority of the tools that are available in this workbench.
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</p><p>In the <b>Combo View</b>, expand the option <b>Edit controls</b> and make sure <b>Autoconstraints</b> are enabled.
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</p>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_geometry">Creating geometry</span></h4>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Sketcher_construction_geometry">Sketcher construction geometry</span></h5>
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<p>Construction geometry is used as guides for the creation of complex profiles. To access it, we need to enable <b>Construction mode </b>.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png" class="image"><img alt="Sketcher ToggleConstruction.png" src="32px-Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/4/4f/Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png/48px-Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/4/4f/Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.html" title="Sketcher ToggleConstruction">Construction Mode</a></li>
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<li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Sketcher_Line.png" class="image"><img alt="Sketcher Line.png" src="32px-Sketcher_Line.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/7/72/Sketcher_Line.png/48px-Sketcher_Line.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/7/72/Sketcher_Line.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Sketcher_Line.html" title="Sketcher Line">Line by 2 point</a></li>
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<li> Approach the <b>origin point</b> in the sketch, the point should highlight and near your cursor this icon <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Constraint_PointOnPoint.png" class="image"><img alt="Constraint PointOnPoint.png" src="32px-Constraint_PointOnPoint.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/e/e3/Constraint_PointOnPoint.png/48px-Constraint_PointOnPoint.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/e/e3/Constraint_PointOnPoint.png 2x" /></a> will appear. </li>
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<li> Select the point and extend the line diagonally up to an arbitrary length.</li>
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<li> Repeat this procedure until you've created five <b>construction</b> lines. Be sure to keep all of them diagonal.</li>
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<li> To exit construction mode, simply click again on <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png" class="image"><img alt="Sketcher ToggleConstruction.png" src="32px-Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/4/4f/Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png/48px-Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/4/4f/Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Sketcher_ToggleConstruction.html" title="Sketcher ToggleConstruction">Construction Mode</a></li></ol>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Sketcher_geometry">Sketcher geometry</span></h5>
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<p>Sketcher geometry is used to create the closed profiles required to perform 3D operations in the <b>PartDesign</b> workbench.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Sketcher_Circle.png" class="image"><img alt="Sketcher Circle.png" src="32px-Sketcher_Circle.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/d/da/Sketcher_Circle.png/48px-Sketcher_Circle.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/d/da/Sketcher_Circle.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Sketcher_Circle.html" title="Sketcher Circle">Circle</a></li>
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<li> Position its <b>centerpoint</b> on the origin of the sketch.</li>
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<li> Extend the circumference to an arbitrary length.</li></ol>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Sketcher_Arc.png" class="image"><img alt="Sketcher Arc.png" src="32px-Sketcher_Arc.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/1/15/Sketcher_Arc.png/48px-Sketcher_Arc.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/1/15/Sketcher_Arc.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Sketcher_Arc.html" title="Sketcher Arc">Arc</a></li>
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<li> Approach the <b>endpoint</b> of one of the construction lines.</li>
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<li> Set the <i>centerpoint'</i> of the arc to be <b>coincident</b> with the endpoint.</li>
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<li> Select an arbitrary location of your cursor to be set as the beginning of the arc, by clicking once.</li>
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<li> Extend the arc an arbitrary amount, making sure the circumference opens outward (the empty space is facing towards the circle you created earlier).</li>
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<li> Repeat these steps for each construction line.</li></ol>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<ol><li> Create an arc between each pair of the previous arcs, with their circumference pointing towards the circle.</li></ol>
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<p>We have now created the basic elements for our profile.
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</p>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Constraints">Constraints</span></h4>
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<p>Constraints are used to constrain the <b>Degrees of Freedom</b> of points and curves within sketcher.
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</p>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Geometric_Constraints">Geometric Constraints</span></h5>
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<p>They are used to establish relations between points and curves without the use of dimensions.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select all five construction lines.</li>
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<li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Constraint_EqualLength.png" class="image"><img alt="Constraint EqualLength.png" src="32px-Constraint_EqualLength.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/b/bb/Constraint_EqualLength.png/48px-Constraint_EqualLength.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/b/bb/Constraint_EqualLength.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Constraint_EqualLength.html" title="Constraint EqualLength">Equal Length</a></li></ol>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select all five arcs centered on an endpoint of a line.</li>
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<li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Constraint_EqualLength.png" class="image"><img alt="Constraint EqualLength.png" src="32px-Constraint_EqualLength.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/b/bb/Constraint_EqualLength.png/48px-Constraint_EqualLength.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/b/bb/Constraint_EqualLength.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Constraint_EqualLength.html" title="Constraint EqualLength">Equal Length</a></li>
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<li> Repeat for all five arcs that are not centered on an endpoint.</li></ol>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select the construction line that is closest to the vertical axis.</li>
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<li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Constraint_Vertical.png" class="image"><img alt="Constraint Vertical.png" src="32px-Constraint_Vertical.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/d/d6/Constraint_Vertical.png/48px-Constraint_Vertical.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/d/d6/Constraint_Vertical.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Constraint_Vertical.html" title="Constraint Vertical">Vertical</a></li></ol>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select the endpoint of an arc and the endpoint closest to it.</li>
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<li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Constraint_Tangent.png" class="image"><img alt="Constraint Tangent.png" src="32px-Constraint_Tangent.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/1/1a/Constraint_Tangent.png/48px-Constraint_Tangent.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/1/1a/Constraint_Tangent.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Constraint_Tangent.html" title="Constraint Tangent">Tangent</a></li>
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<li> Repeat for each endpoint, until a closed profile is created.</li></ol>
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<p>As of this step, we have now created a closed profile that can be adjusted with the desired dimensions.
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</p><p><br />
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</p>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Datum_Constraints">Datum Constraints</span></h5>
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<p>These are used to specify the distance between points in a particular direction and the dimensions of curves.
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select the vertically constrained construction line.</li>
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<li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Constraint_VerticalDistance.png" class="image"><img alt="Constraint VerticalDistance.png" src="32px-Constraint_VerticalDistance.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/b/ba/Constraint_VerticalDistance.png/48px-Constraint_VerticalDistance.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/b/ba/Constraint_VerticalDistance.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Constraint_VerticalDistance.html" title="Constraint VerticalDistance">Vertical Distance</a></li>
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<li> Set the length to 30 mm.</li></ol>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select the vertical construction line and the line closest to it</li>
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<li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Constraint_InternalAngle.png" class="image"><img alt="Constraint InternalAngle.png" src="32px-Constraint_InternalAngle.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/7/75/Constraint_InternalAngle.png/48px-Constraint_InternalAngle.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/7/75/Constraint_InternalAngle.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Constraint_InternalAngle.html" title="Constraint InternalAngle">Internal Angle</a></li>
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<li> Set the angle to 72°</li>
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<li> Repeat the same procedure for each pair of adjacent lines.</li></ol>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<ol><li> Select one of the arcs centered on the endpoint of a line.</li>
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<li> Select <a href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Constraint_Radius.png" class="image"><img alt="Constraint Radius.png" src="32px-Constraint_Radius.png" width="32" height="32" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/5/58/Constraint_Radius.png/48px-Constraint_Radius.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/5/58/Constraint_Radius.png 2x" /></a> <a href="Constraint_Radius.html" title="Constraint Radius">Radius</a></li>
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<li> Set the radius to 8 mm.</li>
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<li> Do the same for an arc not centered on an endpoint. Set the radius to 11 mm.</li>
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<li> Set the center circle radius to 10 mm.</li></ol>
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<p>You should end up with a fully constrained sketch. It can be comfirmed by noticing the change in color of all curves.
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</p><p>We are now finished with the basic workflow for the <a href="Sketcher_Module.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Sketcher Module">Sketcher Module</a>.
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</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_Reading">Further Reading</span></h3>
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<ul><li> To understand more about the workbench, see <a href="Sketcher_Workbench.html" title="Sketcher Workbench">Sketcher Workbench</a></li></ul>
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<p><br />
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</p>
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div><div class="printfooter">
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Online version: "<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sketcher_tutorial/es&oldid=224870">http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sketcher_tutorial/es&oldid=224870</a>"</div>
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