587 lines
15 KiB
HTML
587 lines
15 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of USERMOD</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>USERMOD</H1>
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Section: Comandi per la gestione del si (8)<BR>Updated: 28/05/2020<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NOME</H2>
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usermod - modifica l'account di un utente
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>SINOSSI</H2>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="1">
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<B>usermod</B> [<I>opzioni</I>] <I>LOGIN</I>
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>DESCRIZIONE</H2>
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<P>
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<DD>The
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<B>usermod</B>
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command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line.
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>OPZIONI</H2>
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<P>
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The options which apply to the
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<B>usermod</B>
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command are:
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<P>
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<B>-a</B>, <B>--append</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="2"><DD>
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Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the
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<B>-G</B>
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option.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-b</B>, <B>--badnames</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="3"><DD>
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Allow names that do not conform to standards.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-c</B>, <B>--comment</B> <I>COMMENT</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="4"><DD>
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The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally modified using the
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+chfn">chfn</A></B>(1)
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utility.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-d</B>, <B>--home</B> <I>HOME_DIR</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="5"><DD>
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La nuova directory home dell'utente.
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<P>
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If the
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<B>-m</B>
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option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-e</B>, <B>--expiredate</B> <I>EXPIRE_DATE</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="6"><DD>
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The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format
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<I>YYYY-MM-DD</I>.
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<P>
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An empty
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<I>EXPIRE_DATE</I>
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argument will disable the expiration of the account.
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<P>
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This option requires a
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/etc/shadow
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file. A
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/etc/shadow
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entry will be created if there were none.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-f</B>, <B>--inactive</B> <I>INACTIVE</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="7"><DD>
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Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza di una password prima che l'account venga disabilitato permanentemente.
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<P>
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Il valore 0 disabilita l'account non appena la password è scaduta, e il valore -1 disabilita questa funzionalità.
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<P>
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This option requires a
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/etc/shadow
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file. A
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/etc/shadow
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entry will be created if there were none.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-g</B>, <B>--gid</B> <I>GROUP</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="8"><DD>
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Il nome o numero del gruppo da assegnare alla connessione dell'utente. Il gruppo deve esistere.
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<P>
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Tutti i file nella directory home dell'utente che hanno come gruppo il precedente gruppo primario dell'utente stesso verranno modificati perché abbiano questo nuovo gruppo.
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<P>
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Il gruppo dei file che si trovano all'esterno della directory home dell'utente andrà modificato manualmente.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-G</B>, <B>--groups</B> <I>GROUP1</I>[<I>,GROUP2,...</I>[<I>,GROUPN</I>]]]
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="9"><DD>
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A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
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<B>-g</B>
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option.
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<P>
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If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the
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<B>-a</B>
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option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-l</B>, <B>--login</B> <I>NEW_LOGIN</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="10"><DD>
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The name of the user will be changed from
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<I>LOGIN</I>
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to
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<I>NEW_LOGIN</I>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-L</B>, <B>--lock</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="11"><DD>
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Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with
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<B>-p</B>
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or
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<B>-U</B>.
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<P>
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Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
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<I>EXPIRE_DATE</I>
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to
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<I>1</I>.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-m</B>, <B>--move-home</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="12"><DD>
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Sposta il contenuto della directory home di un utente nella nuova posizione.
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<P>
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This option is only valid in combination with the
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<B>-d</B>
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(or
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<B>--home</B>) option.
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<P>
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<B>usermod</B>
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will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-o</B>, <B>--non-unique</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="13"><DD>
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When used with the
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<B>-u</B>
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option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-p</B>, <B>--password</B> <I>PASSWORD</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="14"><DD>
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The encrypted password, as returned by
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+crypt">crypt</A></B>(3).
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<P>
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<B>Note:</B>
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This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes.
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<P>
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The password will be written in the local
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/etc/passwd
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or
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/etc/shadow
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file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM configuration.
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<P>
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Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-R</B>, <B>--root</B> <I>CHROOT_DIR</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="15"><DD>
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Apply changes in the
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<I>CHROOT_DIR</I>
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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<I>CHROOT_DIR</I>
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directory.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-P</B>, <B>--prefix</B> <I>PREFIX_DIR</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="16"><DD>
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Apply changes in the
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<I>PREFIX_DIR</I>
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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<I>PREFIX_DIR</I>
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directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-s</B>, <B>--shell</B> <I>SHELL</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="17"><DD>
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Il nome della nuova shell di login dell'utente. Lasciando questo campo vuoto si fa in modo che il sistema selezioni la shell di login predefinita.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-u</B>, <B>--uid</B> <I>UID</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="18"><DD>
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Il nuovo valore numerico dell'ID utente.
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<P>
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This value must be unique, unless the
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<B>-o</B>
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option is used. The value must be non-negative.
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<P>
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La casella di posta dell'utente e ogni altro file di proprietà dell'utente che si trovi all'interno della directory home avrà l'ID utente cambiato automaticamente.
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<P>
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La proprietà dei file esterni alla directory home dell'utente va corretta manualmente.
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<P>
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No checks will be performed with regard to the
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<B>UID_MIN</B>,
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<B>UID_MAX</B>,
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<B>SYS_UID_MIN</B>, or
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<B>SYS_UID_MAX</B>
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from
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/etc/login.defs.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-U</B>, <B>--unlock</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="19"><DD>
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Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted password. You can't use this option with
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<B>-p</B>
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or
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<B>-L</B>.
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<P>
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Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
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<I>EXPIRE_DATE</I>
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(for example to
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<I>99999</I>, or to the
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<B>EXPIRE</B>
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value from
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/etc/default/useradd).
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-v</B>, <B>--add-subuids</B> <I>FIRST</I>-<I>LAST</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="20"><DD>
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Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account.
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<P>
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This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.
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<P>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<B>SUB_UID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_UID_MAX</B>, or
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<B>SUB_UID_COUNT</B>
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from /etc/login.defs.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-V</B>, <B>--del-subuids</B> <I>FIRST</I>-<I>LAST</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="21"><DD>
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Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account.
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<P>
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This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both
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<B>--del-subuids</B>
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and
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<B>--add-subuids</B>
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are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.
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<P>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<B>SUB_UID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_UID_MAX</B>, or
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<B>SUB_UID_COUNT</B>
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from /etc/login.defs.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-w</B>, <B>--add-subgids</B> <I>FIRST</I>-<I>LAST</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="22"><DD>
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Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account.
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<P>
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This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.
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<P>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<B>SUB_GID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_GID_MAX</B>, or
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<B>SUB_GID_COUNT</B>
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from /etc/login.defs.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-W</B>, <B>--del-subgids</B> <I>FIRST</I>-<I>LAST</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="23"><DD>
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Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account.
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<P>
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This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both
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<B>--del-subgids</B>
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and
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<B>--add-subgids</B>
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are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.
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<P>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<B>SUB_GID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_GID_MAX</B>, or
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<B>SUB_GID_COUNT</B>
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from /etc/login.defs.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-Z</B>, <B>--selinux-user</B> <I>SEUSER</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="24"><DD>
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Il nuovo utente SELinux per il login dell'utente.
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<P>
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A blank
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<I>SEUSER</I>
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will remove the SELinux user mapping for user
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<I>LOGIN</I>
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(if any).
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>AVVISI/CAVEAT</H2>
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<P>
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You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed.
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<B>usermod</B>
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checks this on Linux. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in.
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<P>
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You must change the owner of any
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<B>crontab</B>
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files or
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<B>at</B>
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jobs manually.
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<P>
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Si devono apportare tutte le modifiche che riguardano NIS sul server NIS.
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
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<H2>CONFIGURAZIONE</H2>
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<P>
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The following configuration variables in
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/etc/login.defs
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change the behavior of this tool:
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<P>
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<B>LASTLOG_UID_MAX</B> (number)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="25"><DD>
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Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them.
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<P>
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No
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<B>LASTLOG_UID_MAX</B>
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option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>MAIL_DIR</B> (string)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="26"><DD>
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La directory di spool per la posta. Questa è necessaria per manipolare la casella di posta quando il corrispondente account utente viene modificato o cancellato. Se non è specificata viene utilizzato un valore impostato al momento della compilazione.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>MAIL_FILE</B> (string)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="27"><DD>
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Imposta la posizione delle caselle di posta degli utenti relative alla loro directory home.
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</DL>
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<P>
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The
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<B>MAIL_DIR</B>
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and
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<B>MAIL_FILE</B>
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variables are used by
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<B>useradd</B>,
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<B>usermod</B>, and
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<B>userdel</B>
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to create, move, or delete the user's mail spool.
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<P>
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<B>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</B> (number)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="28"><DD>
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Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
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/etc/group
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(with the same name, same password, and same GID).
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<P>
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Il valore predefinito è 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo.
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<P>
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Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file «group». Questo è utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri.
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<P>
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Se si deve impostare questo limite, si può usare 25.
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<P>
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Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all'interno del pacchetto Shadow). Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>SUB_GID_MIN</B> (number), <B>SUB_GID_MAX</B> (number), <B>SUB_GID_COUNT</B> (number)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="29"><DD>
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If
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/etc/subuid
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exists, the commands
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<B>useradd</B>
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and
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<B>newusers</B>
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(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate
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<B>SUB_GID_COUNT</B>
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unused group IDs from the range
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<B>SUB_GID_MIN</B>
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to
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<B>SUB_GID_MAX</B>
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for each new user.
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<P>
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The default values for
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<B>SUB_GID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_GID_MAX</B>,
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<B>SUB_GID_COUNT</B>
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are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>SUB_UID_MIN</B> (number), <B>SUB_UID_MAX</B> (number), <B>SUB_UID_COUNT</B> (number)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="30"><DD>
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If
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/etc/subuid
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exists, the commands
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<B>useradd</B>
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and
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<B>newusers</B>
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(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate
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<B>SUB_UID_COUNT</B>
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unused user IDs from the range
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<B>SUB_UID_MIN</B>
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to
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<B>SUB_UID_MAX</B>
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for each new user.
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<P>
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The default values for
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<B>SUB_UID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_UID_MAX</B>,
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<B>SUB_UID_COUNT</B>
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are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
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<H2>FILE</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
/etc/group
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="31"><DD>
|
|
Informazioni sugli account di gruppo.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
/etc/gshadow
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="32"><DD>
|
|
Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
/etc/login.defs
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="33"><DD>
|
|
Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
/etc/passwd
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="34"><DD>
|
|
Informazioni sugli account utente.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
/etc/shadow
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="35"><DD>
|
|
Informazioni sicure sugli account utente.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
/etc/subgid
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="36"><DD>
|
|
Per user subordinate group IDs.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
/etc/subuid
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="37"><DD>
|
|
Per user subordinate user IDs.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
|
|
<H2>VEDERE ANCHE</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+chfn">chfn</A></B>(1),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+chsh">chsh</A></B>(1),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+passwd">passwd</A></B>(1),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+crypt">crypt</A></B>(3),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+gpasswd">gpasswd</A></B>(8),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+groupadd">groupadd</A></B>(8),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+groupdel">groupdel</A></B>(8),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+groupmod">groupmod</A></B>(8),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+login.defs">login.defs</A></B>(5),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+subgid">subgid</A></B>(5), <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+subuid">subuid</A></B>(5),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+useradd">useradd</A></B>(8),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+userdel">userdel</A></B>(8).
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<HR>
|
|
<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="38"><A HREF="#lbAB">NOME</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="39"><A HREF="#lbAC">SINOSSI</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="40"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIZIONE</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="41"><A HREF="#lbAE">OPZIONI</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="42"><A HREF="#lbAF">AVVISI/CAVEAT</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="43"><A HREF="#lbAG">CONFIGURAZIONE</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="44"><A HREF="#lbAH">FILE</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="45"><A HREF="#lbAI">VEDERE ANCHE</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
This document was created by
|
|
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
|
|
using the manual pages.<BR>
|
|
Time: 00:05:05 GMT, March 31, 2021
|
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</BODY>
|
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</HTML>
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