6878 lines
123 KiB
HTML
6878 lines
123 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of BUSYBOX</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>BUSYBOX</H1>
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Section: busybox (1)<BR>Updated: 2020-11-11<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
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BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>SYNTAX</H2>
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<PRE>
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busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or
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<applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked
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</PRE>
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
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BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common <FONT SIZE="-1">UNIX</FONT> utilities into a single
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small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities
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you usually find in <FONT SIZE="-1">GNU</FONT> coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox
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generally have fewer options than their full-featured <FONT SIZE="-1">GNU</FONT> cousins; however, the
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options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very
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much like their <FONT SIZE="-1">GNU</FONT> counterparts.
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<P>
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BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind.
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It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or
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features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded
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systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel.
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BusyBox provides a fairly complete <FONT SIZE="-1">POSIX</FONT> environment for any small or embedded
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system.
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<P>
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BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
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components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make
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menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run
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'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.
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<P>
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After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install
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BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory
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specified by <FONT SIZE="-1">CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX</FONT> can be set when configuring BusyBox,
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or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a
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command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled
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any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will
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also be installed in the location pointed to by <FONT SIZE="-1">CONFIG_PREFIX.</FONT>
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>USAGE</H2>
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BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program
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that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there
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is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large
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number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in
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utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common
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operations.
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<P>
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You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
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command line. For example, entering
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<P>
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<PRE>
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/bin/busybox ls
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</PRE>
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<P>
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will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
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<P>
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Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most
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people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.
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<P>
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For example, entering
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<P>
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<PRE>
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ln -s /bin/busybox ls
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./ls
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</PRE>
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<P>
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will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled
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into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these
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links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run
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the 'make install' command.
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<P>
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If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the
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applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>COMMON OPTIONS</H2>
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Most BusyBox applets support the <B>--help</B> argument to provide a terse runtime
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description of their behavior. If the <FONT SIZE="-1">CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE</FONT> option has
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been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available.
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
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<H2>COMMANDS</H2>
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Currently available applets include:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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[, [[, acpid, adjtimex, ar, arch, arp, arping, ash, awk, basename,
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bc, blkdiscard, blockdev, brctl, bunzip2, busybox, bzcat, bzip2,
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cal, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chroot, chvt, clear, cmp,
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cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt,
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depmod, devmem, df, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsdomainname, dos2unix,
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dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, env,
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expand, expr, factor, fallocate, false, fatattr, fdisk, fgrep, find,
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fold, free, freeramdisk, fsfreeze, fstrim, ftpget, ftpput, getopt,
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getty, grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hexdump, hostid,
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hostname, httpd, hwclock, i2cdetect, i2cdump, i2cget, i2cset, id,
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ifconfig, ifdown, ifup, init, insmod, ionice, ip, ipcalc, ipneigh,
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kill, killall, klogd, last, less, link, linux32, linux64, linuxrc,
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ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup,
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ls, lsmod, lsscsi, lzcat, lzma, lzop, md5sum, mdev, microcom, mkdir,
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mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modinfo,
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modprobe, more, mount, mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nl, nologin,
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nproc, nsenter, nslookup, nuke, od, openvt, partprobe, passwd,
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paste, patch, pidof, ping, ping6, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps,
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pwd, rdate, readlink, realpath, reboot, renice, reset, resume, rev,
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rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, run-init, run-parts, sed,
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seq, setkeycodes, setpriv, setsid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum,
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sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, ssl_client, start-stop-daemon,
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stat, static-sh, strings, stty, su, sulogin, svc, svok, swapoff,
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swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, taskset,
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tc, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, time, timeout, top, touch, tr,
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traceroute, traceroute6, true, truncate, tty, tunctl, ubirename,
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udhcpc, udhcpd, uevent, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq,
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unix2dos, unlink, unlzma, unshare, unxz, unzip, uptime, usleep,
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uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, w, watch, watchdog, wc, wget,
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which, who, whoami, xargs, xxd, xz, xzcat, yes, zcat
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</PRE>
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<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
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<H2>COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS</H2>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="1"><B>acpid</B><DD>
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acpid [-df] [-c <FONT SIZE="-1">CONFDIR</FONT>] [-l <FONT SIZE="-1">LOGFILE</FONT>] [-a <FONT SIZE="-1">ACTIONFILE</FONT>] [-M <FONT SIZE="-1">MAPFILE</FONT>] [-e <FONT SIZE="-1">PROC_EVENT_FILE</FONT>] [-p <FONT SIZE="-1">PIDFILE</FONT>]
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<P>
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Listen to <FONT SIZE="-1">ACPI</FONT> events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-d Log to stderr, not log file (implies -f)
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-f Run in foreground
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-c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi]
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-e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event]
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-l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid.log]
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-p FILE Pid file [/var/run/acpid.pid]
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-a FILE Action file [/etc/acpid.conf]
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-M FILE Map file [/etc/acpi.map]
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v
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<DT id="2"><B>adjtimex</B><DD>
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adjtimex [-q] [-o <FONT SIZE="-1">OFF</FONT>] [-f <FONT SIZE="-1">FREQ</FONT>] [-p <FONT SIZE="-1">TCONST</FONT>] [-t <FONT SIZE="-1">TICK</FONT>]
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<P>
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Read or set kernel time variables. See <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+adjtimex">adjtimex</A></B>(2)
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-q Quiet
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-o OFF Time offset, microseconds
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-f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
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-t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000
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(positive -t or -f values make clock run faster)
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-p TCONST
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</PRE>
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<DT id="3"><B>ar</B><DD>
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ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] <FONT SIZE="-1">ARCHIVE FILES</FONT>
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<P>
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Extract or list <FONT SIZE="-1">FILES</FONT> from an ar archive
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-o Preserve original dates
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-p Extract to stdout
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-t List
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-x Extract
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-v Verbose
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</PRE>
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<DT id="4"><B>arch</B><DD>
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arch
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<P>
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Print system architecture
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<DT id="5"><B>arp</B><DD>
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arp
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[-vn]<TT> </TT>[-H <FONT SIZE="-1">HWTYPE</FONT>] [-i <FONT SIZE="-1">IF</FONT>] -a [<FONT SIZE="-1">HOSTNAME</FONT>]<BR>
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[-v]<TT> </TT><TT> </TT> [-i <FONT SIZE="-1">IF</FONT>] -d <FONT SIZE="-1">HOSTNAME</FONT> [pub]<BR>
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[-v]<TT> </TT>[-H <FONT SIZE="-1">HWTYPE</FONT>] [-i <FONT SIZE="-1">IF</FONT>] -s <FONT SIZE="-1">HOSTNAME HWADDR</FONT> [temp]<BR>
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[-v]<TT> </TT>[-H <FONT SIZE="-1">HWTYPE</FONT>] [-i <FONT SIZE="-1">IF</FONT>] -s <FONT SIZE="-1">HOSTNAME HWADDR</FONT> [netmask <FONT SIZE="-1">MASK</FONT>] pub<BR>
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[-v]<TT> </TT>[-H <FONT SIZE="-1">HWTYPE</FONT>] [-i <FONT SIZE="-1">IF</FONT>] -Ds <FONT SIZE="-1">HOSTNAME IFACE</FONT> [netmask <FONT SIZE="-1">MASK</FONT>] pub<BR>
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<P>
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Manipulate <FONT SIZE="-1">ARP</FONT> cache
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-a Display (all) hosts
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-d Delete ARP entry
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-s Set new entry
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-v Verbose
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-n Don't resolve names
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-i IF Network interface
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-D Read HWADDR from IFACE
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-A,-p AF Protocol family
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-H HWTYPE Hardware address type
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</PRE>
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<DT id="6"><B>arping</B><DD>
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arping [-fqbDUA] [-c <FONT SIZE="-1">CNT</FONT>] [-w <FONT SIZE="-1">TIMEOUT</FONT>] [-I <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE</FONT>] [-s <FONT SIZE="-1">SRC_IP</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">DST_IP</FONT>
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<P>
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Send <FONT SIZE="-1">ARP</FONT> requests/replies
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-f Quit on first ARP reply
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-q Quiet
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-b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast
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-D Exit with 1 if DST_IP replies
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-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors
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-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
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-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests
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-w TIMEOUT Seconds to wait for ARP reply
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-I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
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-s SRC_IP Sender IP address
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DST_IP Target IP address
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</PRE>
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<DT id="7"><B>ash</B><DD>
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ash [-/+OPTIONS] [-/+o <FONT SIZE="-1">OPT</FONT>]... [-c '<FONT SIZE="-1">SCRIPT</FONT>' [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARG0</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]] / <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>] / -s [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]]
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<P>
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Unix shell interpreter
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<DT id="8"><B>awk</B><DD>
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awk [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">AWK_PROGRAM</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-v VAR=VAL Set variable
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-F SEP Use SEP as field separator
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-f FILE Read program from FILE
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-e AWK_PROGRAM
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</PRE>
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<DT id="9"><B>basename</B><DD>
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basename <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">SUFFIX</FONT>]
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<P>
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Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>
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<DT id="10"><B>bc</B><DD>
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bc [-sqlw] <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>
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<P>
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Arbitrary precision calculator
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-q Quiet
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-l Load standard math library
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-s Be POSIX compatible
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-w Warn if extensions are used
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<TT>$BC_LINE_LENGTH</TT> changes output width
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<DT id="11"><B>blkdiscard</B><DD>
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blkdiscard [-o <FONT SIZE="-1">OFS</FONT>] [-l <FONT SIZE="-1">LEN</FONT>] [-s] <FONT SIZE="-1">DEVICE</FONT>
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<P>
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Discard sectors on <FONT SIZE="-1">DEVICE</FONT>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-o OFS Byte offset into device
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-l LEN Number of bytes to discard
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-s Perform a secure discard
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</PRE>
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<DT id="12"><B>blockdev</B><DD>
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blockdev <FONT SIZE="-1">OPTION BLOCKDEV</FONT>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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--setro Set ro
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--setrw Set rw
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--getro Get ro
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--getss Get sector size
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--getbsz Get block size
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--setbsz BYTES Set block size
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--getsz Get device size in 512-byte sectors
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--getsize64 Get device size in bytes
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--flushbufs Flush buffers
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--rereadpt Reread partition table
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</PRE>
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<DT id="13"><B>brctl</B><DD>
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brctl <FONT SIZE="-1">COMMAND</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">BRIDGE</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">INTERFACE</FONT>]]
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<P>
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Manage ethernet bridges
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<P>
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Commands:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE
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delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE
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addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE
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delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
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</PRE>
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<DT id="14"><B>bunzip2</B><DD>
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bunzip2 [-cfk] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
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<P>
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Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-c Write to stdout
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-f Force
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-k Keep input files
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</PRE>
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<DT id="15"><B>bzcat</B><DD>
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bzcat [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
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<P>
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Decompress to stdout
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<DT id="16"><B>bzip2</B><DD>
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bzip2 [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
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<P>
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Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-1..9 Compression level
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-d Decompress
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-t Test file integrity
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-c Write to stdout
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-f Force
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-k Keep input files
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</PRE>
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<DT id="17"><B>cal</B><DD>
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cal [-jy] [[<FONT SIZE="-1">MONTH</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">YEAR</FONT>]
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<P>
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Display a calendar
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<P>
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<PRE>
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-j Use julian dates
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|
-y Display the entire year
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="18"><B>cat</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
cat [-nbvteA] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print FILEs to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-n Number output lines
|
|
-b Number nonempty lines
|
|
-v Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x
|
|
-t ...and tabs as ^I
|
|
-e ...and end lines with $
|
|
-A Same as -vte
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="19"><B>chgrp</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... <FONT SIZE="-1">GROUP FILE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change the group membership of each <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> to <FONT SIZE="-1">GROUP</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-R Recurse
|
|
-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
|
|
-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
|
|
-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
|
|
-P Don't traverse symlinks (default)
|
|
-c List changed files
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-f Hide errors
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="20"><B>chmod</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Each <FONT SIZE="-1">MODE</FONT> is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the
|
|
symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-R Recurse
|
|
-c List changed files
|
|
-v List all files
|
|
-f Hide errors
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="21"><B>chown</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
chown [-RhLHPcvf]... USER[:[<FONT SIZE="-1">GRP</FONT>]] <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change the owner and/or group of each <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> to <FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT> and/or <FONT SIZE="-1">GRP</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-R Recurse
|
|
-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
|
|
-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
|
|
-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
|
|
-P Don't traverse symlinks (default)
|
|
-c List changed files
|
|
-v List all files
|
|
-f Hide errors
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="22"><B>chpasswd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
chpasswd [--md5|--encrypted|--crypt-method|--root]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-e,--encrypted Supplied passwords are in encrypted form
|
|
-m,--md5 Encrypt using md5, not des
|
|
-c,--crypt-method ALG des,md5,sha256/512 (default sha256)
|
|
-R,--root DIR Directory to chroot into
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="23"><B>chroot</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
chroot <FONT SIZE="-1">NEWROOT</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">PROG ARGS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> with root directory set to <FONT SIZE="-1">NEWROOT</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="24"><B>chvt</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
chvt N
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
|
|
<DT id="25"><B>clear</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
clear
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clear screen
|
|
<DT id="26"><B>cmp</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
cmp [-l] [-s] <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE1</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE2</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">SKIP1</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">SKIP2</FONT>]]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compare <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE1</FONT> with <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE2</FONT> (or stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
|
|
for all differing bytes
|
|
-s Quiet
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="27"><B>cp</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
cp [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">SOURCE... DEST</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copy <FONT SIZE="-1">SOURCE</FONT>(s) to <FONT SIZE="-1">DEST</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Same as -dpR
|
|
-R,-r Recurse
|
|
-d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R)
|
|
-L Follow all symlinks
|
|
-H Follow symlinks on command line
|
|
-p Preserve file attributes if possible
|
|
-f Overwrite
|
|
-i Prompt before overwrite
|
|
-l,-s Create (sym)links
|
|
-T Treat DEST as a normal file
|
|
-u Copy only newer files
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="28"><B>cpio</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
cpio [-dmvu] [-F <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>] [-R USER[:GRP]] [-H newc] [-tio] [<FONT SIZE="-1">EXTR_FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extract (-i) or list (-t) files from a cpio archive, or
|
|
take file list from stdin and create an archive (-o)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Main operation mode:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-t List
|
|
-i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all)
|
|
-o Create (requires -H newc)
|
|
Options:
|
|
|
|
-H newc Archive format
|
|
-d Make leading directories
|
|
-m Preserve mtime
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-u Overwrite
|
|
-F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file
|
|
-R USER[:GRP] Set owner of created files
|
|
-L Dereference symlinks
|
|
-0 Input is separated by NULs
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="29"><B>crond</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
crond -fbS -l N -L <FONT SIZE="-1">LOGFILE</FONT> -c <FONT SIZE="-1">DIR</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f Foreground
|
|
-b Background (default)
|
|
-S Log to syslog (default)
|
|
-l N Set log level. Most verbose 0, default 8
|
|
-L FILE Log to FILE
|
|
-c DIR Cron dir. Default:/var/spool/cron/crontabs
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="30"><B>crontab</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
crontab [-c <FONT SIZE="-1">DIR</FONT>] [-u <FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT>] [-ler]|[<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Crontab directory
|
|
-u User
|
|
-l List crontab
|
|
-e Edit crontab
|
|
-r Delete crontab
|
|
FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="31"><B>cttyhack</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
cttyhack [<FONT SIZE="-1">PROG ARGS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Give <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> a controlling tty if possible.
|
|
Example for /etc/inittab (for busybox init):
|
|
<TT> </TT>::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh<BR>
|
|
Giving controlling tty to shell running with <FONT SIZE="-1">PID 1:</FONT>
|
|
<TT> </TT>$ exec cttyhack sh<BR>
|
|
Starting interactive shell from boot shell script:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
setsid cttyhack sh
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="32"><B>cut</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
cut [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print selected fields from each input <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
|
|
-c LIST Output only characters from LIST
|
|
-d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
|
|
-s Output only the lines containing delimiter
|
|
-f N Print only these fields
|
|
-n Ignored
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="33"><B>date</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
date [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [+FMT] [<FONT SIZE="-1">TIME</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Display time (using +FMT), or set time
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
[-s,--set] TIME Set time to TIME
|
|
-u,--utc Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
|
|
-R,--rfc-2822 Output RFC-2822 compliant date string
|
|
-I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 compliant date string
|
|
SPEC='date' (default) for date only,
|
|
'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and
|
|
time to the indicated precision
|
|
-r,--reference FILE Display last modification time of FILE
|
|
-d,--date TIME Display TIME, not 'now'
|
|
-D FMT Use FMT for -d TIME conversion
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recognized <FONT SIZE="-1">TIME</FONT> formats:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
hh:mm[:ss]
|
|
[YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
|
|
YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
|
|
[[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
|
|
'date TIME' form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="34"><B>dc</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
dc [-x] [-eSCRIPT]... [-fFILE]... [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tiny <FONT SIZE="-1">RPN</FONT> calculator. Operations:
|
|
+, -, *, /, %, ~, ^, |,
|
|
p - print top of the stack without popping
|
|
f - print entire stack
|
|
k - pop the value and set the precision
|
|
i - pop the value and set input radix
|
|
o - pop the value and set output radix
|
|
Examples: dc -e'2 2 + p' -> 4, dc -e'8 8 * 2 2 + / p' -> 16
|
|
<DT id="35"><B>dd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N]
|
|
<TT> </TT>[conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>[iflag=skip_bytes|fullblock] [oflag=seek_bytes]<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copy a file with converting and formatting
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
|
|
of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
|
|
bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time
|
|
ibs=N Read N bytes at a time
|
|
obs=N Write N bytes at a time
|
|
count=N Copy only N input blocks
|
|
skip=N Skip N input blocks
|
|
seek=N Skip N output blocks
|
|
conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file
|
|
conv=noerror Continue after read errors
|
|
conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros
|
|
conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing
|
|
conv=swab Swap every pair of bytes
|
|
iflag=skip_bytes skip=N is in bytes
|
|
iflag=fullblock Read full blocks
|
|
oflag=seek_bytes seek=N is in bytes
|
|
status=noxfer Suppress rate output
|
|
status=none Suppress all output
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), <FONT SIZE="-1">MB, M, GB, G</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="36"><B>deallocvt</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
deallocvt [N]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
|
|
<DT id="37"><B>depmod</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
depmod [-n] [-b <FONT SIZE="-1">BASE</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">VERSION</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">MODFILES</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Generate modules.dep, alias, and symbols files
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-b BASE Use BASE/lib/modules/VERSION
|
|
-n Dry run: print files to stdout
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="38"><B>devmem</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
devmem <FONT SIZE="-1">ADDRESS</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">WIDTH</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">VALUE</FONT>]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Read/write from physical address
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
ADDRESS Address to act upon
|
|
WIDTH Width (8/16/...)
|
|
VALUE Data to be written
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="39"><B>df</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
df [-PkmhTai] [-B <FONT SIZE="-1">SIZE</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILESYSTEM</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print filesystem usage statistics
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-P POSIX output format
|
|
-k 1024-byte blocks (default)
|
|
-m 1M-byte blocks
|
|
-h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)
|
|
-T Print filesystem type
|
|
-a Show all filesystems
|
|
-i Inodes
|
|
-B SIZE Blocksize
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="40"><B>diff</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L <FONT SIZE="-1">LABEL</FONT>] [-S <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>] [-U <FONT SIZE="-1">LINES</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE1 FILE2</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compare files line by line and output the differences between them.
|
|
This implementation supports unified diffs only.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Treat all files as text
|
|
-b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
|
|
-B Ignore changes whose lines are all blank
|
|
-d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
|
|
-i Ignore case differences
|
|
-L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
|
|
-N Treat absent files as empty
|
|
-q Output only whether files differ
|
|
-r Recurse
|
|
-S Start with FILE when comparing directories
|
|
-T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
|
|
-s Report when two files are the same
|
|
-t Expand tabs to spaces in output
|
|
-U Output LINES lines of context
|
|
-w Ignore all whitespace
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="41"><B>dirname</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
dirname <FONT SIZE="-1">FILENAME</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strip non-directory suffix from <FONT SIZE="-1">FILENAME</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="42"><B>dmesg</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
dmesg [-c] [-n <FONT SIZE="-1">LEVEL</FONT>] [-s <FONT SIZE="-1">SIZE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print or control the kernel ring buffer
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Clear ring buffer after printing
|
|
-n LEVEL Set console logging level
|
|
-s SIZE Buffer size
|
|
-r Print raw message buffer
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="43"><B>dos2unix</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
dos2unix [-ud] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convert <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> in-place from <FONT SIZE="-1">DOS</FONT> to Unix format.
|
|
When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-u dos2unix
|
|
-d unix2dos
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="44"><B>dpkg</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F <FONT SIZE="-1">OPT</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">PACKAGE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Install, remove and manage Debian packages
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-i,--install Install the package
|
|
-l,--list List of installed packages
|
|
--configure Configure an unpackaged package
|
|
-P,--purge Purge all files of a package
|
|
-r,--remove Remove all but the configuration files for a package
|
|
--unpack Unpack a package, but don't configure it
|
|
--force-depends Ignore dependency problems
|
|
--force-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing
|
|
--force-confold Keep old config files when installing
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="45"><B>dpkg-deb</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
dpkg-deb [-cefxX] <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">DIR</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Perform actions on Debian packages (.deb)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c List files
|
|
-f Print control fields
|
|
-e Extract control files to DIR (default: ./DEBIAN)
|
|
-x Extract files to DIR (no default)
|
|
-X Verbose -x
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="46"><B>du</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summarize disk space used for each <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> and/or directory
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Show file sizes too
|
|
-L Follow all symlinks
|
|
-H Follow symlinks on command line
|
|
-d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
|
|
-c Show grand total
|
|
-l Count sizes many times if hard linked
|
|
-s Display only a total for each argument
|
|
-x Skip directories on different filesystems
|
|
-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G)
|
|
-m Sizes in megabytes
|
|
-k Sizes in kilobytes (default)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="47"><B>dumpkmap</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
dumpkmap > keymap
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout
|
|
<DT id="48"><B>dumpleases</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
dumpleases [-r|-a] [-d] [-f <FONT SIZE="-1">LEASEFILE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Display <FONT SIZE="-1">DHCP</FONT> leases granted by udhcpd
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f,--file FILE Lease file
|
|
-r,--remaining Show remaining time
|
|
-a,--absolute Show expiration time
|
|
-d,--decimal Show time in seconds
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="49"><B>echo</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
echo [-neE] [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARG</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print the specified ARGs to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-n Suppress trailing newline
|
|
-e Interpret backslash escapes (i.e., \t=tab)
|
|
-E Don't interpret backslash escapes (default)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="50"><B>ed</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ed [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]
|
|
<DT id="51"><B>env</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [<FONT SIZE="-1">PROG ARGS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print the current environment or run <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> after setting up
|
|
the specified environment
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-, -i Start with an empty environment
|
|
-u Remove variable from the environment
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="52"><B>expand</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
expand [-i] [-t N] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-i Don't convert tabs after non blanks
|
|
-t Tabstops every N chars
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="53"><B>expr</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
expr <FONT SIZE="-1">EXPRESSION</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print the value of <FONT SIZE="-1">EXPRESSION</FONT> to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">EXPRESSION</FONT> may be:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
|
|
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
|
|
ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
|
|
ARG1 <= ARG2
|
|
ARG1 = ARG2
|
|
ARG1 != ARG2
|
|
ARG1 >= ARG2
|
|
ARG1 > ARG2
|
|
ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
|
|
ARG1 - ARG2
|
|
ARG1 * ARG2
|
|
ARG1 / ARG2
|
|
ARG1 % ARG2
|
|
STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
|
|
match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP
|
|
substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
|
|
index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
|
|
length STRING Length of STRING
|
|
quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
|
|
it is a keyword like 'match' or an
|
|
operator like '/'
|
|
(EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
|
|
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
|
|
lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
|
|
\( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number
|
|
of characters matched or 0.
|
|
<DT id="54"><B>factor</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
factor [<FONT SIZE="-1">NUMBER</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print prime factors
|
|
<DT id="55"><B>fallocate</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
fallocate [-o <FONT SIZE="-1">OFS</FONT>] -l <FONT SIZE="-1">LEN FILE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preallocate space for <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-o OFS Offset of range
|
|
-l LEN Length of range
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="56"><B>fatattr</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
fatattr [-+rhsvda] <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change file attributes on <FONT SIZE="-1">FAT</FONT> filesystem
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
- Clear attributes
|
|
+ Set attributes
|
|
r Read only
|
|
h Hidden
|
|
s System
|
|
v Volume label
|
|
d Directory
|
|
a Archive
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="57"><B>fdisk</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
fdisk [-ul] [-C <FONT SIZE="-1">CYLINDERS</FONT>] [-H <FONT SIZE="-1">HEADS</FONT>] [-S <FONT SIZE="-1">SECTORS</FONT>] [-b <FONT SIZE="-1">SSZ</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">DISK</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change partition table
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
|
|
-l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
|
|
-b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors
|
|
-C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
|
|
-H HEADS Typically 255
|
|
-S SECTORS Typically 63
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="58"><B>find</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
find [-HL] [<FONT SIZE="-1">PATH</FONT>]... [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">ACTIONS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Search for files and perform actions on them.
|
|
First failed action stops processing of current file.
|
|
Defaults: <FONT SIZE="-1">PATH</FONT> is current directory, action is '-print'
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-L,-follow Follow symlinks
|
|
-H ...on command line only
|
|
-xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems
|
|
-maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
|
|
actions to command line arguments only
|
|
-mindepth N Don't act on first N levels
|
|
-depth Act on directory *after* traversing it
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
( ACTIONS ) Group actions for -o / -a
|
|
! ACT Invert ACT's success/failure
|
|
ACT1 [-a] ACT2 If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2
|
|
ACT1 -o ACT2 If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2
|
|
Note: -a has higher priority than -o
|
|
-name PATTERN Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN
|
|
-iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name
|
|
-path PATTERN Match path to PATTERN
|
|
-ipath PATTERN Case insensitive -path
|
|
-regex PATTERN Match path to regex PATTERN
|
|
-type X File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,s,p)
|
|
-executable File is executable
|
|
-perm MASK At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (-MASK),
|
|
or exactly MASK bits are set in file's mode
|
|
-mtime DAYS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
|
|
or exactly N days in the past
|
|
-mmin MINS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
|
|
or exactly N minutes in the past
|
|
-newer FILE mtime is more recent than FILE's
|
|
-inum N File has inode number N
|
|
-user NAME/ID File is owned by given user
|
|
-group NAME/ID File is owned by given group
|
|
-size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.))
|
|
+/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
|
|
-links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
|
|
or exactly N
|
|
-prune If current file is directory, don't descend into it
|
|
If none of the following actions is specified, -print is assumed
|
|
-print Print file name
|
|
-print0 Print file name, NUL terminated
|
|
-exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by
|
|
file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero
|
|
-exec CMD ARG + Run CMD with {} replaced by list of file names
|
|
-quit Exit
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="59"><B>fold</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
fold [-bs] [-w <FONT SIZE="-1">WIDTH</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wrap input lines in each <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin), writing to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-b Count bytes rather than columns
|
|
-s Break at spaces
|
|
-w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="60"><B>free</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
free [-b/k/m/g]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Display the amount of free and used system memory
|
|
<DT id="61"><B>freeramdisk</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
freeramdisk <FONT SIZE="-1">DEVICE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk
|
|
<DT id="62"><B>fsfreeze</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
fsfreeze --[un]freeze <FONT SIZE="-1">MOUNTPOINT</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flush and halt writes to <FONT SIZE="-1">MOUNTPOINT</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="63"><B>fstrim</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
fstrim [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">MOUNTPOINT</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-o,--offset OFFSET Offset in bytes to discard from
|
|
-l,--length LEN Bytes to discard
|
|
-m,--minimum MIN Minimum extent length
|
|
-v,--verbose Print number of discarded bytes
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="64"><B>ftpget</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ftpget [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">LOCAL_FILE</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">REMOTE_FILE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Download a file via <FONT SIZE="-1">FTP</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Continue previous transfer
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-u USER Username
|
|
-p PASS Password
|
|
-P NUM Port
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="65"><B>ftpput</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ftpput [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">REMOTE_FILE</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">LOCAL_FILE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upload a file to a <FONT SIZE="-1">FTP</FONT> server
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-u USER Username
|
|
-p PASS Password
|
|
-P NUM Port number
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="66"><B>getopt</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
getopt [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [--] <FONT SIZE="-1">OPTSTRING PARAMS</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Allow long options starting with single -
|
|
-l LOPT[,...] Long options to recognize
|
|
-n PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported
|
|
-o OPTSTRING Short options to recognize
|
|
-q No error messages on unrecognized options
|
|
-Q No normal output
|
|
-s SHELL Set shell quoting conventions
|
|
-T Version test (exits with 4)
|
|
-u Don't quote output
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
O=`getopt -l bb: --- ab:c:: ``$@''` || exit 1
|
|
eval set --- ``$O''
|
|
while true; do
|
|
<TT> </TT>case ``$1'' in<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>-a)<TT> </TT>echo A; shift;;<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>-b|--bb) echo ``B:'$2'''; shift 2;;<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>-c)<TT> </TT>case ``$2'' in<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT><TT> </TT>"``)<TT> </TT>echo C; shift 2;;<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT><TT> </TT>*)<TT> </TT>echo ''C:'$2'"; shift 2;;<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT><TT> </TT>esac;;<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>--)<TT> </TT>shift; break;;<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>*)<TT> </TT>echo Error; exit 1;;<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>esac<BR>
|
|
done
|
|
<DT id="67"><B>getty</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
getty [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... <FONT SIZE="-1">TTY</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">TERMTYPE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Open <FONT SIZE="-1">TTY,</FONT> prompt for login name, then invoke /bin/login
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-h Enable hardware RTS/CTS flow control
|
|
-L Set CLOCAL (ignore Carrier Detect state)
|
|
-m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message
|
|
-n Don't prompt for login name
|
|
-w Wait for CR or LF before sending /etc/issue
|
|
-i Don't display /etc/issue
|
|
-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
|
|
-l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login
|
|
-t SEC Terminate after SEC if no login name is read
|
|
-I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else
|
|
-H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">BAUD_RATE</FONT> of 0 leaves it unchanged
|
|
<DT id="68"><B>grep</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
grep [-HhnlLoqvsriwFEz] [-m N] [-A/B/C N] PATTERN/-e <FONT SIZE="-1">PATTERN..</FONT>./-f <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Search for <FONT SIZE="-1">PATTERN</FONT> in FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-H Add 'filename:' prefix
|
|
-h Do not add 'filename:' prefix
|
|
-n Add 'line_no:' prefix
|
|
-l Show only names of files that match
|
|
-L Show only names of files that don't match
|
|
-c Show only count of matching lines
|
|
-o Show only the matching part of line
|
|
-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
|
|
-v Select non-matching lines
|
|
-s Suppress open and read errors
|
|
-r Recurse
|
|
-i Ignore case
|
|
-w Match whole words only
|
|
-x Match whole lines only
|
|
-F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp)
|
|
-E PATTERN is an extended regexp
|
|
-z Input is NUL terminated
|
|
-m N Match up to N times per file
|
|
-A N Print N lines of trailing context
|
|
-B N Print N lines of leading context
|
|
-C N Same as '-A N -B N'
|
|
-e PTRN Pattern to match
|
|
-f FILE Read pattern from file
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="69"><B>groups</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
groups [<FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print the group memberships of <FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT> or for the current process
|
|
<DT id="70"><B>gunzip</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
gunzip [-cfkt] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Write to stdout
|
|
-f Force
|
|
-k Keep input files
|
|
-t Test file integrity
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="71"><B>gzip</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
gzip [-cfkdt] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compress FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-d Decompress
|
|
-t Test file integrity
|
|
-c Write to stdout
|
|
-f Force
|
|
-k Keep input files
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="72"><B>halt</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
halt [-d <FONT SIZE="-1">DELAY</FONT>] [-n] [-f] [-w]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Halt the system
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-d SEC Delay interval
|
|
-n Do not sync
|
|
-f Force (don't go through init)
|
|
-w Only write a wtmp record
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="73"><B>head</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
head [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print first 10 lines of each <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin) to stdout.
|
|
With more than one <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE,</FONT> precede each with a filename header.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-n N[kbm] Print first N lines
|
|
-n -N[kbm] Print all except N last lines
|
|
-c [-]N[kbm] Print first N bytes
|
|
-q Never print headers
|
|
-v Always print headers
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2).
|
|
<DT id="74"><B>hexdump</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
hexdump [-bcCdefnosvx] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-b 1-byte octal display
|
|
-c 1-byte character display
|
|
-d 2-byte decimal display
|
|
-o 2-byte octal display
|
|
-x 2-byte hex display
|
|
-C hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line
|
|
-v Show all (no dup folding)
|
|
-e FORMAT_STR Example: '16/1 "%02x|""\n"'
|
|
-f FORMAT_FILE
|
|
-n LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes
|
|
-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="75"><B>hostid</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
hostid
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine
|
|
<DT id="76"><B>hostname</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
hostname [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">HOSTNAME</FONT> | -F <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Get or set hostname or <FONT SIZE="-1">DNS</FONT> domain name
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-s Short
|
|
-i Addresses for the hostname
|
|
-d DNS domain name
|
|
-f Fully qualified domain name
|
|
-F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="77"><B>httpd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c <FONT SIZE="-1">CONFFILE</FONT>] [-p [<FONT SIZE="-1">IP:</FONT>]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r <FONT SIZE="-1">REALM</FONT>] [-h <FONT SIZE="-1">HOME</FONT>]
|
|
or httpd -d/-e/-m <FONT SIZE="-1">STRING</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Listen for incoming <FONT SIZE="-1">HTTP</FONT> requests
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-i Inetd mode
|
|
-f Don't daemonize
|
|
-v[v] Verbose
|
|
-p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80)
|
|
-u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port
|
|
-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
|
|
-h HOME Home directory (default .)
|
|
-c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf)
|
|
-m STRING MD5 crypt STRING
|
|
-e STRING HTML encode STRING
|
|
-d STRING URL decode STRING
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="78"><B>hwclock</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [--systz] [--localtime] [-u|--utc] [-f|--rtc <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Query and set hardware clock (<FONT SIZE="-1">RTC</FONT>)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-r Show hardware clock time
|
|
-s Set system time from hardware clock
|
|
-w Set hardware clock from system time
|
|
--systz Set in-kernel timezone, correct system time
|
|
if hardware clock is in local time
|
|
-u Assume hardware clock is kept in UTC
|
|
--localtime Assume hardware clock is kept in local time
|
|
-f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="79"><B>i2cdetect</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
i2cdetect -l | -F I2CBUS | [-ya] [-q|-r] I2CBUS [<FONT SIZE="-1">FIRST LAST</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detect I2C chips
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-l List installed buses
|
|
-F BUS# List functionalities on this bus
|
|
-y Disable interactive mode
|
|
-a Force scanning of non-regular addresses
|
|
-q Use smbus quick write commands for probing (default)
|
|
-r Use smbus read byte commands for probing
|
|
FIRST and LAST limit probing range
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="80"><B>i2cdump</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
i2cdump [-fy] [-r <FONT SIZE="-1">FIRST-LAST</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">BUS ADDR</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">MODE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examine I2C registers
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
I2CBUS I2C bus number
|
|
ADDRESS 0x03-0x77
|
|
MODE is:
|
|
|
|
b Byte (default)
|
|
w Word
|
|
W Word on even register addresses
|
|
i I2C block
|
|
s SMBus block
|
|
c Consecutive byte
|
|
Append p for SMBus PEC
|
|
|
|
-f Force access
|
|
-y Disable interactive mode
|
|
-r Limit the number of registers being accessed
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="81"><B>i2cget</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
i2cget [-fy] <FONT SIZE="-1">BUS</FONT> CHIP-ADDRESS [<FONT SIZE="-1">DATA-ADDRESS</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">MODE</FONT>]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Read from I2C/SMBus chip registers
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
I2CBUS I2C bus number
|
|
ADDRESS 0x03-0x77
|
|
MODE is:
|
|
|
|
b Read byte data (default)
|
|
w Read word data
|
|
c Write byte/read byte
|
|
Append p for SMBus PEC
|
|
|
|
-f Force access
|
|
-y Disable interactive mode
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="82"><B>i2cset</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
i2cset [-fy] [-m <FONT SIZE="-1">MASK</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">BUS</FONT> CHIP-ADDRESS DATA-ADDRESS [<FONT SIZE="-1">VALUE</FONT>] ... [<FONT SIZE="-1">MODE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set I2C registers
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
I2CBUS I2C bus number
|
|
ADDRESS 0x03-0x77
|
|
MODE is:
|
|
|
|
c Byte, no value
|
|
b Byte data (default)
|
|
w Word data
|
|
i I2C block data
|
|
s SMBus block data
|
|
Append p for SMBus PEC
|
|
|
|
-f Force access
|
|
-y Disable interactive mode
|
|
-r Read back and compare the result
|
|
-m MASK Mask specifying which bits to write
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="83"><B>id</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
id [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print information about <FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT> or the current user
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-u User ID
|
|
-g Group ID
|
|
-G Supplementary group IDs
|
|
-n Print names instead of numbers
|
|
-r Print real ID instead of effective ID
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="84"><B>ifconfig</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ifconfig [-a] interface [address]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configure a network interface
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
[add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
|
|
[del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
|
|
[[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
|
|
[netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
|
|
[outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
|
|
[hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
|
|
[[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
|
|
[multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic]
|
|
[mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
|
|
[up|down] ...
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="85"><B>ifdown</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ifdown [-anmvf] [-i <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Deconfigure all interfaces
|
|
-i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
|
|
-n Print out what would happen, but don't do it
|
|
(note: doesn't disable mappings)
|
|
-m Don't run any mappings
|
|
-v Print out what would happen before doing it
|
|
-f Force deconfiguration
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="86"><B>ifup</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ifup [-anmvf] [-i <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Configure all interfaces
|
|
-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces
|
|
-n Print out what would happen, but don't do it
|
|
(note: doesn't disable mappings)
|
|
-m Don't run any mappings
|
|
-v Print out what would happen before doing it
|
|
-f Force configuration
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="87"><B>init</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
init
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Init is the first process started during boot. It never exits.
|
|
It (re)spawns children according to /etc/inittab.
|
|
<DT id="88"><B>insmod</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
insmod <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> [SYMBOL=VALUE]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Load kernel module
|
|
<DT id="89"><B>ionice</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p <FONT SIZE="-1">PID</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change I/O priority and class
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle
|
|
-n Priority
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="90"><B>ip</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ip [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT> := -f[amily] inet|inet6|link | -o[neline]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ip addr add|del <FONT SIZE="-1">IFADDR</FONT> dev <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE</FONT> | show|flush [dev <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE</FONT>] [to <FONT SIZE="-1">PREFIX</FONT>]
|
|
ip route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test <FONT SIZE="-1">ROUTE</FONT>
|
|
ip link set <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE</FONT> [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off]
|
|
<TT> </TT>[promisc on|off] [mtu <FONT SIZE="-1">NUM</FONT>] [name <FONT SIZE="-1">NAME</FONT>] [qlen <FONT SIZE="-1">NUM</FONT>] [address <FONT SIZE="-1">MAC</FONT>]<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>[master <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE</FONT> | nomaster]<BR>
|
|
ip tunnel add|change|del|show [<FONT SIZE="-1">NAME</FONT>]
|
|
<TT> </TT>[mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote <FONT SIZE="-1">ADDR</FONT>] [local <FONT SIZE="-1">ADDR</FONT>] [ttl <FONT SIZE="-1">TTL</FONT>]<BR>
|
|
ip neigh show|flush [to <FONT SIZE="-1">PREFIX</FONT>] [dev <FONT SIZE="-1">DEV</FONT>] [nud <FONT SIZE="-1">STATE</FONT>]
|
|
ip rule [list] | add|del <FONT SIZE="-1">SELECTOR ACTION</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="91"><B>ipcalc</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ipcalc [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] ADDRESS[/PREFIX] [<FONT SIZE="-1">NETMASK</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calculate and display network settings from <FONT SIZE="-1">IP</FONT> address
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-b Broadcast address
|
|
-n Network address
|
|
-m Default netmask for IP
|
|
-p Prefix for IP/NETMASK
|
|
-h Resolved host name
|
|
-s No error messages
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="92"><B>ipneigh</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ipneigh show|flush [to <FONT SIZE="-1">PREFIX</FONT>] [dev <FONT SIZE="-1">DEV</FONT>] [nud <FONT SIZE="-1">STATE</FONT>]
|
|
<DT id="93"><B>kill</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
kill [-l] [-SIG] <FONT SIZE="-1">PID...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Send a signal (default: <FONT SIZE="-1">TERM</FONT>) to given PIDs
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-l List all signal names and numbers
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="94"><B>killall</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] <FONT SIZE="-1">PROCESS_NAME...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Send a signal (default: <FONT SIZE="-1">TERM</FONT>) to given processes
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-l List all signal names and numbers
|
|
-q Don't complain if no processes were killed
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="95"><B>klogd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
klogd [-c N] [-n]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Log kernel messages to syslog
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c N Print to console messages more urgent than prio N (1-8)
|
|
-n Run in foreground
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="96"><B>last</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
last
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Show listing of the last users that logged into the system
|
|
<DT id="97"><B>less</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
less [-EFIMmNSRh~] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
View <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin) one screenful at a time
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-E Quit once the end of a file is reached
|
|
-F Quit if entire file fits on first screen
|
|
-I Ignore case in all searches
|
|
-M,-m Display status line with line numbers
|
|
and percentage through the file
|
|
-N Prefix line number to each line
|
|
-S Truncate long lines
|
|
-R Remove color escape codes in input
|
|
-~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="98"><B>link</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
link <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE LINK</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Create hard <FONT SIZE="-1">LINK</FONT> to <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="99"><B>ln</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ln [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">TARGET...</FONT> LINK|DIR
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Create a link <FONT SIZE="-1">LINK</FONT> or <FONT SIZE="-1">DIR/TARGET</FONT> to the specified <FONT SIZE="-1">TARGET</FONT>(s)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
|
|
-f Remove existing destinations
|
|
-n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
|
|
-b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
|
|
-S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files
|
|
-T 2nd arg must be a DIR
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="100"><B>loadfont</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
loadfont < font
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Load a console font from stdin
|
|
<DT id="101"><B>loadkmap</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
loadkmap < keymap
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin
|
|
<DT id="102"><B>logger</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
logger [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">MESSAGE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write <FONT SIZE="-1">MESSAGE</FONT> (or stdin) to syslog
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-s Log to stderr as well as the system log
|
|
-t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
|
|
-p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="103"><B>login</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
login [-p] [-h <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT>] [[-f] <FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Begin a new session on the system
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f Don't authenticate (user already authenticated)
|
|
-h HOST Host user came from (for network logins)
|
|
-p Preserve environment
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="104"><B>logname</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
logname
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print the name of the current user
|
|
<DT id="105"><B>logread</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
logread [-fF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f Output data as log grows
|
|
-F Same as -f, but dump buffer first
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="106"><B>losetup</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
losetup [-r] [-o <FONT SIZE="-1">OFS</FONT>] {-f|LOOPDEV} <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> - associate loop devices
|
|
<TT> </TT>losetup -d <FONT SIZE="-1">LOOPDEV</FONT> - disassociate<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>losetup -a - show status<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>losetup -f - show next free loop device<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE
|
|
-r Read-only
|
|
-f Show/use next free loop device
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="107"><B>ls</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [-w <FONT SIZE="-1">WIDTH</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
List directory contents
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-1 One column output
|
|
-a Include entries which start with .
|
|
-A Like -a, but exclude . and ..
|
|
-x List by lines
|
|
-d List directory entries instead of contents
|
|
-L Follow symlinks
|
|
-H Follow symlinks on command line
|
|
-R Recurse
|
|
-p Append / to dir entries
|
|
-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
|
|
-l Long listing format
|
|
-i List inode numbers
|
|
-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
|
|
-s List allocated blocks
|
|
-lc List ctime
|
|
-lu List atime
|
|
--full-time List full date and time
|
|
-h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G)
|
|
--group-directories-first
|
|
-S Sort by size
|
|
-X Sort by extension
|
|
-v Sort by version
|
|
-t Sort by mtime
|
|
-tc Sort by ctime
|
|
-tu Sort by atime
|
|
-r Reverse sort order
|
|
-w N Format N columns wide
|
|
--color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="108"><B>lsmod</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
lsmod
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
List loaded kernel modules
|
|
<DT id="109"><B>lzcat</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
lzcat [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decompress to stdout
|
|
<DT id="110"><B>lzma</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
lzma -d [-cfk] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decompress <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-d Decompress
|
|
-c Write to stdout
|
|
-f Force
|
|
-k Keep input files
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="111"><B>lzop</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
lzop [-cfUvd123456789CF] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-1..9 Compression level
|
|
-d Decompress
|
|
-c Write to stdout
|
|
-f Force
|
|
-U Delete input files
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-F Don't store or verify checksum
|
|
-C Also write checksum of compressed block
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="112"><B>md5sum</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
md5sum [-c[sw]] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print or check <FONT SIZE="-1">MD5</FONT> checksums
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Check sums against list in FILEs
|
|
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
|
|
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="113"><B>mdev</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mdev [-s]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mdev -s is to be run during boot to scan /sys and populate /dev.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bare mdev is a kernel hotplug helper. To activate it:
|
|
<TT> </TT>echo /sbin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines
|
|
<TT> </TT>[-][ENV=regex;]...DEVNAME <FONT SIZE="-1">UID:GID PERM</FONT> [>|=PATH]|[!] [@|$|*PROG]<BR>
|
|
where <FONT SIZE="-1">DEVNAME</FONT> is device name regex, <TT>@major</TT>,minor[-minor2], or
|
|
environment variable regex. A common use of the latter is
|
|
to load modules for hotplugged devices:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$MODALIAS=.* 0:0 660 @modprobe "$MODALIAS"
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
If /dev/mdev.seq file exists, mdev will wait for its value
|
|
to match <TT>$SEQNUM</TT> variable. This prevents plug/unplug races.
|
|
To activate this feature, create empty /dev/mdev.seq at boot.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
If /dev/mdev.log file exists, debug log will be appended to it.
|
|
<DT id="114"><B>microcom</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
microcom [-d <FONT SIZE="-1">DELAY</FONT>] [-t <FONT SIZE="-1">TIMEOUT</FONT>] [-s <FONT SIZE="-1">SPEED</FONT>] [-X] <FONT SIZE="-1">TTY</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copy bytes for stdin to <FONT SIZE="-1">TTY</FONT> and from <FONT SIZE="-1">TTY</FONT> to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every
|
|
next byte to it
|
|
-t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms
|
|
-s Set serial line to SPEED
|
|
-X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="115"><B>mkdir</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mkdir [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">DIRECTORY...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Create <FONT SIZE="-1">DIRECTORY</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-m MODE Mode
|
|
-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="116"><B>mkdosfs</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mkdosfs [-v] [-n <FONT SIZE="-1">LABEL</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">BLOCKDEV</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">KBYTES</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Make a <FONT SIZE="-1">FAT32</FONT> filesystem
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-n LBL Volume label
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="117"><B>mke2fs</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mke2fs [-Fn] [-b <FONT SIZE="-1">BLK_SIZE</FONT>] [-i <FONT SIZE="-1">INODE_RATIO</FONT>] [-I <FONT SIZE="-1">INODE_SIZE</FONT>] [-m <FONT SIZE="-1">RESERVED_PERCENT</FONT>] [-L <FONT SIZE="-1">LABEL</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">BLOCKDEV</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">KBYTES</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes
|
|
-F Force
|
|
-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
|
|
-I BYTES Inode size (min 128)
|
|
-L LBL Volume label
|
|
-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
|
|
-n Dry run
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="118"><B>mkfifo</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mkfifo [-m <FONT SIZE="-1">MODE</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">NAME</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Create named pipe
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-m MODE Mode (default a=rw)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="119"><B>mknod</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mknod [-m <FONT SIZE="-1">MODE</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">NAME TYPE</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">MAJOR MINOR</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw)
|
|
TYPE:
|
|
b Block device
|
|
c or u Character device
|
|
p Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="120"><B>mkpasswd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mkpasswd [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">PASSWORD</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">SALT</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+crypt">crypt</A></B>(3) hashed <FONT SIZE="-1">PASSWORD</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-P,--password-fd N Read password from fd N
|
|
-m,--method TYPE des,md5,sha256/512 (default sha256)
|
|
-S,--salt SALT
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="121"><B>mkswap</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mkswap [-L <FONT SIZE="-1">LBL</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">BLOCKDEV</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">KBYTES</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepare <FONT SIZE="-1">BLOCKDEV</FONT> to be used as swap partition
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-L LBL Label
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="122"><B>mktemp</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mktemp [-dt] [-p <FONT SIZE="-1">DIR</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">TEMPLATE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Create a temporary file with name based on <FONT SIZE="-1">TEMPLATE</FONT> and print its name.
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">TEMPLATE</FONT> must end with <FONT SIZE="-1">XXXXXX</FONT> (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
|
|
Without <FONT SIZE="-1">TEMPLATE,</FONT> -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-d Make directory, not file
|
|
-q Fail silently on errors
|
|
-t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE
|
|
-p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies -t)
|
|
-u Do not create anything; print a name
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Base directory is: -p <FONT SIZE="-1">DIR,</FONT> else <TT>$TMPDIR</TT>, else /tmp
|
|
<DT id="123"><B>modinfo</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
modinfo [-adlpn0] [-F keyword] <FONT SIZE="-1">MODULE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Shortcut for '-F author'
|
|
-d Shortcut for '-F description'
|
|
-l Shortcut for '-F license'
|
|
-p Shortcut for '-F parm'
|
|
-F keyword Keyword to look for
|
|
-0 Separate output with NULs
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="124"><B>modprobe</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
modprobe [-alrqvsDb] <FONT SIZE="-1">MODULE</FONT> [SYMBOL=VALUE]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Load multiple MODULEs
|
|
-l List (MODULE is a pattern)
|
|
-r Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean
|
|
-q Quiet
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-s Log to syslog
|
|
-D Show dependencies
|
|
-b Apply blacklist to module names too
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="125"><B>more</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
more [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
View <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin) one screenful at a time
|
|
<DT id="126"><B>mount</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mount [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [-o <FONT SIZE="-1">OPT</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">DEVICE NODE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Mount all filesystems in fstab
|
|
-f Dry run
|
|
-i Don't run mount helper
|
|
-r Read-only mount
|
|
-t FSTYPE[,...] Filesystem type(s)
|
|
-T FILE Read FILE instead of /etc/fstab
|
|
-O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)
|
|
-o OPT:
|
|
loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
|
|
[a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous
|
|
[no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times
|
|
[no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories
|
|
[no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
|
|
[no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files
|
|
[no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files
|
|
[no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs
|
|
[r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
|
|
[r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
|
|
[r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
|
|
[un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
|
|
[r]bind Bind a file or directory [recursively] to another location
|
|
move Relocate an existing mount point
|
|
remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags
|
|
ro Same as -r
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are filesystem-specific -o flags.
|
|
<DT id="127"><B>mt</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mt [-f device] opcode value
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Control magnetic tape drive operation
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Available Opcodes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase
|
|
fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2
|
|
ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity
|
|
setpart tell unload unlock weof wset
|
|
<DT id="128"><B>mv</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
mv [-fin] <FONT SIZE="-1">SOURCE DEST</FONT>
|
|
or: mv [-fin] <FONT SIZE="-1">SOURCE... DIRECTORY</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rename <FONT SIZE="-1">SOURCE</FONT> to <FONT SIZE="-1">DEST,</FONT> or move <FONT SIZE="-1">SOURCE</FONT>(s) to <FONT SIZE="-1">DIRECTORY</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f Don't prompt before overwriting
|
|
-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite
|
|
-n Don't overwrite an existing file
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="129"><B>nameif</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
nameif [-s] [-c <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">IFNAME HWADDR</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rename network interface while it in the down state.
|
|
The device with address <FONT SIZE="-1">HWADDR</FONT> is renamed to <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE.</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c FILE Configuration file (default: /etc/mactab)
|
|
-s Log to syslog
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="130"><B>nc</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
nc [-iN] [-wN] [-l] [-p <FONT SIZE="-1">PORT</FONT>] [-f FILE|IPADDR <FONT SIZE="-1">PORT</FONT>] [-e <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Open a pipe to <FONT SIZE="-1">IP:PORT</FONT> or <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-l Listen mode, for inbound connects
|
|
(use -ll with -e for persistent server)
|
|
-p PORT Local port
|
|
-w SEC Connect timeout
|
|
-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent
|
|
-f FILE Use file (ala /dev/ttyS0) instead of network
|
|
-e PROG Run PROG after connect
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="131"><B>netstat</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-en]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Display networking information
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-r Routing table
|
|
-a All sockets
|
|
-l Listening sockets
|
|
Else: connected sockets
|
|
-t TCP sockets
|
|
-u UDP sockets
|
|
-w Raw sockets
|
|
-x Unix sockets
|
|
Else: all socket types
|
|
-e Other/more information
|
|
-n Don't resolve names
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="132"><B>nl</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
nl [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-b STYLE Which lines to number - a: all, t: nonempty, n: none
|
|
-i N Line number increment
|
|
-s STRING Use STRING as line number separator
|
|
-v N Start from N
|
|
-w N Width of line numbers
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="133"><B>nologin</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
nologin
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Politely refuse a login
|
|
<DT id="134"><B>nproc</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
nproc --all --ignore=N
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print number of available CPUs
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
--all Number of installed CPUs
|
|
--ignore=N Exclude N CPUs
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="135"><B>nsenter</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
nsenter [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-t PID Target process to get namespaces from
|
|
-m[FILE] Enter mount namespace
|
|
-u[FILE] Enter UTS namespace (hostname etc)
|
|
-i[FILE] Enter System V IPC namespace
|
|
-n[FILE] Enter network namespace
|
|
-p[FILE] Enter pid namespace
|
|
-U[FILE] Enter user namespace
|
|
-S UID Set uid in entered namespace
|
|
-G GID Set gid in entered namespace
|
|
--preserve-credentials Don't touch uids or gids
|
|
-r[DIR] Set root directory
|
|
-w[DIR] Set working directory
|
|
-F Don't fork before exec'ing PROG
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="136"><B>nslookup</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
nslookup [-type=QUERY_TYPE] [-debug] <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">DNS_SERVER</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Query <FONT SIZE="-1">DNS</FONT> about <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">QUERY_TYPE:</FONT> soa,ns,a,aaaa,cname,mx,txt,ptr,any
|
|
<DT id="137"><B>nuke</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
nuke <FONT SIZE="-1">DIR...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remove DIRs
|
|
<DT id="138"><B>od</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
od [-abcdfhilovxs] [-t <FONT SIZE="-1">TYPE</FONT>] [-A <FONT SIZE="-1">RADIX</FONT>] [-N <FONT SIZE="-1">SIZE</FONT>] [-j <FONT SIZE="-1">SKIP</FONT>] [-S <FONT SIZE="-1">MINSTR</FONT>] [-w <FONT SIZE="-1">WIDTH</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default
|
|
<DT id="139"><B>openvt</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
openvt [-c N] [-sw] [<FONT SIZE="-1">PROG ARGS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Start <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> on a new virtual terminal
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c N Use specified VT
|
|
-s Switch to the VT
|
|
-w Wait for PROG to exit
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="140"><B>partprobe</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
partprobe <FONT SIZE="-1">DEVICE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ask kernel to rescan partition table
|
|
<DT id="141"><B>passwd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
passwd [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change <FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT>'s password (default: current user)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a ALG des,md5,sha256/512 (default sha256)
|
|
-d Set password to ''
|
|
-l Lock (disable) account
|
|
-u Unlock (enable) account
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="142"><B>paste</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
paste [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab
|
|
-s Serial: one file at a time
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="143"><B>patch</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
patch [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">ORIGFILE</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">PATCHFILE</FONT>]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-p N Strip N leading components from file names
|
|
-i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
|
|
-R Reverse patch
|
|
-N Ignore already applied patches
|
|
-E Remove output files if they become empty
|
|
--dry-run Don't actually change files
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="144"><B>pidof</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
pidof [<FONT SIZE="-1">NAME</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
|
|
<DT id="145"><B>ping</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ping [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Send <FONT SIZE="-1">ICMP ECHO_REQUEST</FONT> packets to network hosts
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
|
|
-c CNT Send only CNT pings
|
|
-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56)
|
|
-i SECS Interval
|
|
-A Ping as soon as reply is recevied
|
|
-t TTL Set TTL
|
|
-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address
|
|
-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10)
|
|
(after all -c CNT packets are sent)
|
|
-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
|
|
(can exit earlier with -c CNT)
|
|
-q Quiet, only display output at start
|
|
and when finished
|
|
-p HEXBYTE Pattern to use for payload
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="146"><B>ping6</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ping6 [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Send <FONT SIZE="-1">ICMP ECHO_REQUEST</FONT> packets to network hosts
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c CNT Send only CNT pings
|
|
-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56)
|
|
-i SECS Interval
|
|
-A Ping as soon as reply is recevied
|
|
-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address
|
|
-q Quiet, only display output at start
|
|
and when finished
|
|
-p HEXBYTE Pattern to use for payload
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="147"><B>pivot_root</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
pivot_root <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Move the current root file system to <FONT SIZE="-1">PUT_OLD</FONT> and make <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_ROOT</FONT>
|
|
the new root file system
|
|
<DT id="148"><B>poweroff</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
poweroff [-d <FONT SIZE="-1">DELAY</FONT>] [-n] [-f]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Halt and shut off power
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-d SEC Delay interval
|
|
-n Do not sync
|
|
-f Force (don't go through init)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="149"><B>printf</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
printf <FONT SIZE="-1">FORMAT</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARG</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Format and print <FONT SIZE="-1">ARG</FONT>(s) according to <FONT SIZE="-1">FORMAT</FONT> (a-la C printf)
|
|
<DT id="150"><B>ps</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ps [-o <FONT SIZE="-1">COL1</FONT>,COL2=HEADER] [-T]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Show list of processes
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display
|
|
-T Show threads
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="151"><B>pwd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
pwd
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print the full filename of the current working directory
|
|
<DT id="152"><B>rdate</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
rdate [-s/-p] <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set and print time from <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT> using <FONT SIZE="-1">RFC 868</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-s Only set system time
|
|
-p Only print time
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="153"><B>readlink</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
readlink [-fnv] <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Display the value of a symlink
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks
|
|
-n Don't add newline
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="154"><B>realpath</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
realpath <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return the absolute pathnames of given <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="155"><B>reboot</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
reboot [-d <FONT SIZE="-1">DELAY</FONT>] [-n] [-f]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reboot the system
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-d SEC Delay interval
|
|
-n Do not sync
|
|
-f Force (don't go through init)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="156"><B>renice</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
renice [-n] <FONT SIZE="-1">PRIORITY</FONT> [[-p | -g | -u] <FONT SIZE="-1">ID...</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change scheduling priority of a running process
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-n Add PRIORITY to current nice value
|
|
Without -n, nice value is set to PRIORITY
|
|
-p Process ids (default)
|
|
-g Process group ids
|
|
-u Process user names
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="157"><B>reset</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
reset
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reset the screen
|
|
<DT id="158"><B>resume</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
resume <FONT SIZE="-1">BLOCKDEV</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">OFFSET</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restore system state from 'suspend-to-disk' data in <FONT SIZE="-1">BLOCKDEV</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="159"><B>rev</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
rev [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reverse lines of <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="160"><B>rm</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
rm [-irf] <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remove (unlink) FILEs
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-i Always prompt before removing
|
|
-f Never prompt
|
|
-R,-r Recurse
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="161"><B>rmdir</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
rmdir [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">DIRECTORY...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remove <FONT SIZE="-1">DIRECTORY</FONT> if it is empty
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-p Include parents
|
|
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="162"><B>rmmod</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
rmmod [-wfa] [<FONT SIZE="-1">MODULE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unload kernel modules
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-w Wait until the module is no longer used
|
|
-f Force unload
|
|
-a Remove all unused modules (recursively)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="163"><B>route</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
route [{add|del|delete}]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edit kernel routing tables
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-n Don't resolve names
|
|
-e Display other/more information
|
|
-A inet{6} Select address family
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="164"><B>rpm</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
rpm -i <FONT SIZE="-1">PACKAGE</FONT>.rpm; rpm -qp[ildc] <FONT SIZE="-1">PACKAGE</FONT>.rpm
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manipulate <FONT SIZE="-1">RPM</FONT> packages
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commands:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-i Install package
|
|
-qp Query package
|
|
-qpi Show information
|
|
-qpl List contents
|
|
-qpd List documents
|
|
-qpc List config files
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="165"><B>rpm2cpio</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
rpm2cpio <FONT SIZE="-1">PACKAGE</FONT>.rpm
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Output a cpio archive of the rpm file
|
|
<DT id="166"><B>run-init</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
run-init [-d <FONT SIZE="-1">CAP,CAP...</FONT>] [-n] [-c <FONT SIZE="-1">CONSOLE_DEV</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
chroot to <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_ROOT,</FONT> delete all in /, move <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_ROOT</FONT> to /,
|
|
execute <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_INIT. PID</FONT> must be 1. <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_ROOT</FONT> must be a mountpoint.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch
|
|
-d CAPS Drop capabilities
|
|
-n Dry run
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="167"><B>run-parts</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
run-parts [-a <FONT SIZE="-1">ARG</FONT>]... [-u <FONT SIZE="-1">UMASK</FONT>] [--reverse] [--test] [--exit-on-error] <FONT SIZE="-1">DIRECTORY</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run a bunch of scripts in <FONT SIZE="-1">DIRECTORY</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a ARG Pass ARG as argument to scripts
|
|
-u UMASK Set UMASK before running scripts
|
|
--reverse Reverse execution order
|
|
--test Dry run
|
|
--exit-on-error Exit if a script exits with non-zero
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="168"><B>sed</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sed [-i[<FONT SIZE="-1">SFX</FONT>]] [-nrE] [-f <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]... [-e <FONT SIZE="-1">CMD</FONT>]... [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
or: sed [-i[<FONT SIZE="-1">SFX</FONT>]] [-nrE] <FONT SIZE="-1">CMD</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
|
|
-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
|
|
-i[SFX] Edit files in-place (otherwise sends to stdout)
|
|
Optionally back files up, appending SFX
|
|
-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
|
|
-r,-E Use extended regex syntax
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string.
|
|
Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).
|
|
<DT id="169"><B>seq</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
seq [-w] [-s <FONT SIZE="-1">SEP</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FIRST</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">INC</FONT>]] <FONT SIZE="-1">LAST</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print numbers from <FONT SIZE="-1">FIRST</FONT> to <FONT SIZE="-1">LAST,</FONT> in steps of <FONT SIZE="-1">INC.
|
|
FIRST, INC</FONT> default to 1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-w Pad to last with leading zeros
|
|
-s SEP String separator
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="170"><B>setkeycodes</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
setkeycodes { <FONT SIZE="-1">SCANCODE KEYCODE</FONT> }...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Modify kernel's scancode-to-keycode map,
|
|
allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">SCANCODE</FONT> is either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), <FONT SIZE="-1">KEYCODE</FONT> is decimal.
|
|
<DT id="171"><B>setpriv</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
setpriv [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> with different privilege settings
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-d,--dump<TT> </TT><TT> </TT>Show current capabilities<BR>
|
|
--nnp,--no-new-privs<TT> </TT>Ignore setuid/setgid bits and file capabilities<BR>
|
|
--inh-caps <FONT SIZE="-1">CAP,CAP</FONT><TT> </TT>Set inheritable capabilities<BR>
|
|
--ambient-caps <FONT SIZE="-1">CAP,CAP</FONT><TT> </TT>Set ambient capabilities<BR>
|
|
<DT id="172"><B>setsid</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
setsid [-c] <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG ARGS</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> in a new session. <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> will have no controlling terminal
|
|
and will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Set controlling terminal to stdin
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="173"><B>sh</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh [-/+OPTIONS] [-/+o <FONT SIZE="-1">OPT</FONT>]... [-c '<FONT SIZE="-1">SCRIPT</FONT>' [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARG0</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]] / <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>] / -s [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unix shell interpreter
|
|
<DT id="174"><B>sha1sum</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sha1sum [-c[sw]] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print or check <FONT SIZE="-1">SHA1</FONT> checksums
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Check sums against list in FILEs
|
|
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
|
|
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="175"><B>sha256sum</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sha256sum [-c[sw]] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print or check <FONT SIZE="-1">SHA256</FONT> checksums
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Check sums against list in FILEs
|
|
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
|
|
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="176"><B>sha512sum</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sha512sum [-c[sw]] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print or check <FONT SIZE="-1">SHA512</FONT> checksums
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Check sums against list in FILEs
|
|
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
|
|
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="177"><B>shred</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
shred <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overwrite/delete FILEs
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f Chmod to ensure writability
|
|
-n N Overwrite N times (default 3)
|
|
-z Final overwrite with zeros
|
|
-u Remove file
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="178"><B>shuf</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
shuf [-e|-i L-H] [-n <FONT SIZE="-1">NUM</FONT>] [-o <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>] [-z] [FILE|ARG...]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Randomly permute lines
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-e Treat ARGs as lines
|
|
-i L-H Treat numbers L-H as lines
|
|
-n NUM Output at most NUM lines
|
|
-o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output
|
|
-z End lines with zero byte, not newline
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="179"><B>sleep</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sleep [N]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can
|
|
have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays
|
|
<DT id="180"><B>sort</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sort [-nrugMcszbdfiokt] [-o <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>] [-k start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t <FONT SIZE="-1">CHAR</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sort lines of text
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-o FILE Output to FILE
|
|
-c Check whether input is sorted
|
|
-b Ignore leading blanks
|
|
-f Ignore case
|
|
-i Ignore unprintable characters
|
|
-d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
|
|
-n Sort numbers
|
|
-g General numerical sort
|
|
-M Sort month
|
|
-V Sort version
|
|
-t CHAR Field separator
|
|
-k N[,M] Sort by Nth field
|
|
-r Reverse sort order
|
|
-s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically)
|
|
-u Suppress duplicate lines
|
|
-z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="181"><B>ssl_client</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ssl_client [-e] -s <FONT SIZE="-1">FD</FONT> [-r <FONT SIZE="-1">FD</FONT>] [-n <FONT SIZE="-1">SNI</FONT>]
|
|
<DT id="182"><B>start-stop-daemon</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
start-stop-daemon [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [-S|-K] ... [-- <FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS...</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Search for matching processes, and then
|
|
-K: stop all matching processes
|
|
-S: start a process unless a matching process is found
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Process matching:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-u USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes
|
|
-n NAME Match processes with NAME
|
|
in comm field in /proc/PID/stat
|
|
-x EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command
|
|
command in /proc/PID/cmdline
|
|
-p FILE Match a process with PID from FILE
|
|
All specified conditions must match
|
|
-S only:
|
|
-x EXECUTABLE Program to run
|
|
-a NAME Zeroth argument
|
|
-b Background
|
|
-N N Change nice level
|
|
-c USER[:[GRP]] Change user/group
|
|
-m Write PID to pidfile specified by -p
|
|
-K only:
|
|
-s SIG Signal to send
|
|
-t Match only, exit with 0 if found
|
|
Other:
|
|
|
|
-o Exit with status 0 if nothing is done
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-q Quiet
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="183"><B>stat</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
stat [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Display file (default) or filesystem status
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c FMT Use the specified format
|
|
-f Display filesystem status
|
|
-L Follow links
|
|
-t Terse display
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">FMT</FONT> sequences for files:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
%a Access rights in octal
|
|
%A Access rights in human readable form
|
|
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
|
|
%B Size in bytes of each block reported by %b
|
|
%d Device number in decimal
|
|
%D Device number in hex
|
|
%f Raw mode in hex
|
|
%F File type
|
|
%g Group ID
|
|
%G Group name
|
|
%h Number of hard links
|
|
%i Inode number
|
|
%n File name
|
|
%N File name, with -> TARGET if symlink
|
|
%o I/O block size
|
|
%s Total size in bytes
|
|
%t Major device type in hex
|
|
%T Minor device type in hex
|
|
%u User ID
|
|
%U User name
|
|
%x Time of last access
|
|
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
|
|
%y Time of last modification
|
|
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
|
|
%z Time of last change
|
|
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">FMT</FONT> sequences for file systems:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
|
|
%b Total data blocks
|
|
%c Total file nodes
|
|
%d Free file nodes
|
|
%f Free blocks
|
|
%i File System ID in hex
|
|
%l Maximum length of filenames
|
|
%n File name
|
|
%s Block size (for faster transfer)
|
|
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
|
|
%t Type in hex
|
|
%T Type in human readable form
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="184"><B>strings</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
strings [-fo] [-t o/d/x] [-n <FONT SIZE="-1">LEN</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Display printable strings in a binary file
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f Precede strings with filenames
|
|
-o Precede strings with octal offsets
|
|
-t o/d/x Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16
|
|
-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="185"><B>stty</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
stty [-a|g] [-F <FONT SIZE="-1">DEVICE</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">SETTING</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline,
|
|
and deviations from stty sane
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin
|
|
-a Print all current settings in human-readable form
|
|
-g Print in stty-readable form
|
|
[SETTING] See manpage
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="186"><B>su</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
su [-lmp] [-] [-s <FONT SIZE="-1">SH</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">SCRIPT ARGS /</FONT> -c '<FONT SIZE="-1">CMD</FONT>' <FONT SIZE="-1">ARG0 ARGS</FONT>]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run shell under <FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT> (by default, root)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-,-l Clear environment, go to home dir, run shell as login shell
|
|
-p,-m Do not set new $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME
|
|
-c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c'
|
|
-s SH Shell to use instead of user's default
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="187"><B>sulogin</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sulogin [-t N] [<FONT SIZE="-1">TTY</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Single user login
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-t N Timeout
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="188"><B>svc</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
svc [-udopchaitkx] <FONT SIZE="-1">SERVICE_DIR...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Control services monitored by runsv supervisor
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-u If service is not running, start it; restart if it stops
|
|
-d If service is running, send TERM+CONT signals; do not restart it
|
|
-o Once: if service is not running, start it; do not restart it
|
|
-pchaitk Send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, TERM, KILL signal to service
|
|
-x Exit: runsv will exit as soon as the service is down
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="189"><B>svok</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
svok <FONT SIZE="-1">SERVICE_DIR</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Check whether runsv supervisor is running.
|
|
Exit code is 0 if it does, 100 if it does not,
|
|
111 (with error message) if <FONT SIZE="-1">SERVICE_DIR</FONT> does not exist.
|
|
<DT id="190"><B>swapoff</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
swapoff [-a] [<FONT SIZE="-1">DEVICE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stop swapping on <FONT SIZE="-1">DEVICE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Stop swapping on all swap devices
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="191"><B>swapon</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
swapon [-a] [-e] [-d[<FONT SIZE="-1">POL</FONT>]] [<FONT SIZE="-1">DEVICE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Start swapping on <FONT SIZE="-1">DEVICE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Start swapping on all swap devices
|
|
-d[POL] Discard blocks at swapon (POL=once),
|
|
as freed (POL=pages), or both (POL omitted)
|
|
-e Silently skip devices that do not exist
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="192"><B>switch_root</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
switch_root [-c <FONT SIZE="-1">CONSOLE_DEV</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
chroot to <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_ROOT,</FONT> delete all in /, move <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_ROOT</FONT> to /,
|
|
execute <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_INIT. PID</FONT> must be 1. <FONT SIZE="-1">NEW_ROOT</FONT> must be a mountpoint.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="193"><B>sync</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sync [-df] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write all buffered blocks (in FILEs) to disk
|
|
<TT> </TT>-d<TT> </TT>Avoid syncing metadata<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>-f<TT> </TT>Sync filesystems underlying FILEs<BR>
|
|
<DT id="194"><B>sysctl</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sysctl -p [-enq] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>] / [-enqaw] [KEY[=VALUE]]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Show/set kernel parameters
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-p Set values from FILEs (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
|
|
-e Don't warn about unknown keys
|
|
-n Don't show key names
|
|
-q Quiet
|
|
-a Show all values
|
|
-w Set values
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="195"><B>syslogd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
syslogd [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
System logging utility
|
|
(this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-n Run in foreground
|
|
-R HOST[:PORT] Log to HOST:PORT (default PORT:514)
|
|
-L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R)
|
|
-C[size_kb] Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it)
|
|
-O FILE Log to FILE (default: /var/log/messages, stdout if -)
|
|
-l N Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1-8)
|
|
-S Smaller output
|
|
-t Strip client-generated timestamps
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="196"><B>tac</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
tac [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse
|
|
<DT id="197"><B>tail</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
tail [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print last 10 lines of each <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin) to stdout.
|
|
With more than one <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE,</FONT> precede each with a filename header.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f Print data as file grows
|
|
-c [+]N[kbm] Print last N bytes
|
|
-n N[kbm] Print last N lines
|
|
-n +N[kbm] Start on Nth line and print the rest
|
|
-q Never print headers
|
|
-s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with -f
|
|
-v Always print headers
|
|
-F Same as -f, but keep retrying
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2).
|
|
<DT id="198"><B>tar</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
tar c|x|t [-ZzJjahmvokO] [-f <FONT SIZE="-1">TARFILE</FONT>] [-C <FONT SIZE="-1">DIR</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Create, extract, or list files from a tar file
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
c Create
|
|
x Extract
|
|
t List
|
|
-f FILE Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out)
|
|
-C DIR Change to DIR before operation
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-O Extract to stdout
|
|
-m Don't restore mtime
|
|
-o Don't restore user:group
|
|
-k Don't replace existing files
|
|
-Z (De)compress using compress
|
|
-z (De)compress using gzip
|
|
-J (De)compress using xz
|
|
-j (De)compress using bzip2
|
|
-a (De)compress using lzma
|
|
-h Follow symlinks
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="199"><B>taskset</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
taskset [-p] [<FONT SIZE="-1">HEXMASK</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">PID</FONT> | <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG ARGS</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set or get <FONT SIZE="-1">CPU</FONT> affinity
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-p Operate on an existing PID
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="200"><B>tc</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
tc <FONT SIZE="-1">OBJECT CMD</FONT> [dev <FONT SIZE="-1">STRING</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">OBJECT:</FONT> qdisc|class|filter
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">CMD:</FONT> add|del|change|replace|show
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
qdisc [handle <FONT SIZE="-1">QHANDLE</FONT>] [root|ingress|parent <FONT SIZE="-1">CLASSID</FONT>]
|
|
<TT> </TT>[[<FONT SIZE="-1">QDISC_KIND</FONT>] [help|OPTIONS]]<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT><FONT SIZE="-1">QDISC_KIND</FONT> := [p|b]fifo|tbf|prio|cbq|red|etc.<BR>
|
|
qdisc show [dev <FONT SIZE="-1">STRING</FONT>] [ingress]
|
|
class [classid <FONT SIZE="-1">CLASSID</FONT>] [root|parent <FONT SIZE="-1">CLASSID</FONT>]
|
|
<TT> </TT>[[<FONT SIZE="-1">QDISC_KIND</FONT>] [help|OPTIONS] ]<BR>
|
|
class show [ dev <FONT SIZE="-1">STRING</FONT> ] [root|parent <FONT SIZE="-1">CLASSID</FONT>]
|
|
filter [pref <FONT SIZE="-1">PRIO</FONT>] [protocol <FONT SIZE="-1">PROTO</FONT>]
|
|
<TT> </TT>[root|classid <FONT SIZE="-1">CLASSID</FONT>] [handle <FONT SIZE="-1">FILTERID</FONT>]<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>[[<FONT SIZE="-1">FILTER_TYPE</FONT>] [help|OPTIONS]]<BR>
|
|
filter show [dev <FONT SIZE="-1">STRING</FONT>] [root|parent <FONT SIZE="-1">CLASSID</FONT>]
|
|
<DT id="201"><B>tee</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
tee [-ai] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copy stdin to each <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE,</FONT> and also to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite
|
|
-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="202"><B>telnet</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
telnet [-a] [-l <FONT SIZE="-1">USER</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">PORT</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Connect to telnet server
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Automatic login with $USER variable
|
|
-l USER Automatic login as USER
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="203"><B>telnetd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
telnetd [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handle incoming telnet connections
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect
|
|
-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
|
|
-K Close connection as soon as login exits
|
|
(normally wait until all programs close slave pty)
|
|
-p PORT Port to listen on
|
|
-b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to
|
|
-F Run in foreground
|
|
-i Inetd mode
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="204"><B>tftp</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
tftp [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">PORT</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfer a file from/to tftp server
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-l FILE Local FILE
|
|
-r FILE Remote FILE
|
|
-g Get file
|
|
-p Put file
|
|
-b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="205"><B>time</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
time [-vpa] [-o <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG ARGS</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG,</FONT> display resource usage when it exits
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-p POSIX output format
|
|
-f FMT Custom format
|
|
-o FILE Write result to FILE
|
|
-a Append (else overwrite)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="206"><B>timeout</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
timeout [-s <FONT SIZE="-1">SIG</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">SECS PROG ARGS</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Runs <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG.</FONT> Sends <FONT SIZE="-1">SIG</FONT> to it if it is not gone in <FONT SIZE="-1">SECS</FONT> seconds.
|
|
Default <FONT SIZE="-1">SIG: TERM.</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="207"><B>top</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provide a view of process activity in real time.
|
|
Read the status of all processes from /proc each <FONT SIZE="-1">SECONDS</FONT>
|
|
and display a screenful of them.
|
|
Keys:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
N/M/P/T: sort by pid/mem/cpu/time
|
|
R: reverse sort
|
|
H: toggle threads
|
|
Q,^C: exit
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-b Batch mode
|
|
-n N Exit after N iterations
|
|
-d N Delay between updates
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="208"><B>touch</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
touch [-c] [-d <FONT SIZE="-1">DATE</FONT>] [-t <FONT SIZE="-1">DATE</FONT>] [-r <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Don't create files
|
|
-h Don't follow links
|
|
-d DT Date/time to use
|
|
-t DT Date/time to use
|
|
-r FILE Use FILE's date/time
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="209"><B>tr</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
tr [-cds] <FONT SIZE="-1">STRING1</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">STRING2</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Take complement of STRING1
|
|
-d Delete input characters coded STRING1
|
|
-s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="210"><B>traceroute</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
traceroute [-46FIlnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m <FONT SIZE="-1">MAXTTL</FONT>] [-q <FONT SIZE="-1">PROBES</FONT>] [-p <FONT SIZE="-1">PORT</FONT>]
|
|
<TT> </TT>[-t <FONT SIZE="-1">TOS</FONT>] [-w <FONT SIZE="-1">WAIT_SEC</FONT>] [-s <FONT SIZE="-1">SRC_IP</FONT>] [-i <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE</FONT>]<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>[-z <FONT SIZE="-1">PAUSE_MSEC</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">BYTES</FONT>]<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trace the route to <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
|
|
-F Set don't fragment bit
|
|
-l Display TTL value of the returned packet
|
|
-n Print numeric addresses
|
|
-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-f N First number of hops (default 1)
|
|
-m N Max number of hops
|
|
-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3)
|
|
-p N Base UDP port number used in probes
|
|
(default 33434)
|
|
-s IP Source address
|
|
-i IFACE Source interface
|
|
-t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
|
|
-w SEC Time to wait for a response (default 3)
|
|
-g IP Loose source route gateway (8 max)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="211"><B>traceroute6</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
traceroute6 [-nrv] [-m <FONT SIZE="-1">MAXTTL</FONT>] [-q <FONT SIZE="-1">PROBES</FONT>] [-p <FONT SIZE="-1">PORT</FONT>]
|
|
<TT> </TT>[-t <FONT SIZE="-1">TOS</FONT>] [-w <FONT SIZE="-1">WAIT_SEC</FONT>] [-s <FONT SIZE="-1">SRC_IP</FONT>] [-i <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE</FONT>]<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT><FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">BYTES</FONT>]<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trace the route to <FONT SIZE="-1">HOST</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-n Print numeric addresses
|
|
-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
|
|
-v Verbose
|
|
-m N Max number of hops
|
|
-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3)
|
|
-p N Base UDP port number used in probes
|
|
(default 33434)
|
|
-s IP Source address
|
|
-i IFACE Source interface
|
|
-t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
|
|
-w SEC Time wait for a response (default 3)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="212"><B>truncate</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
truncate [-c] -s <FONT SIZE="-1">SIZE FILE...</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Truncate FILEs to the given size
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Do not create files
|
|
-s SIZE Truncate to SIZE
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="213"><B>tty</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
tty
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print file name of stdin's terminal
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-s Print nothing, only return exit status
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="214"><B>tunctl</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Create or delete tun interfaces
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f name tun device (/dev/net/tun)
|
|
-t name Create iface 'name'
|
|
-d name Delete iface 'name'
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="215"><B>ubirename</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
ubirename <FONT SIZE="-1">UBI_DEVICE OLD_VOLNAME NEW_VOLNAME</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">OLD2 NEW2</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rename <FONT SIZE="-1">UBI</FONT> volumes on <FONT SIZE="-1">UBI_DEVICE</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="216"><B>udhcpc</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
udhcpc [-fbqRB] [-a[<FONT SIZE="-1">MSEC</FONT>]] [-t N] [-T <FONT SIZE="-1">SEC</FONT>] [-A SEC/-n]
|
|
<TT> </TT>[-i <FONT SIZE="-1">IFACE</FONT>] [-s <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT>] [-p <FONT SIZE="-1">PIDFILE</FONT>]<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>[-oC] [-r <FONT SIZE="-1">IP</FONT>] [-V <FONT SIZE="-1">VENDOR</FONT>] [-F <FONT SIZE="-1">NAME</FONT>] [-x <FONT SIZE="-1">OPT:VAL</FONT>]... [-O <FONT SIZE="-1">OPT</FONT>]...<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
|
|
-s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /etc/udhcpc/default.script)
|
|
-p FILE Create pidfile
|
|
-B Request broadcast replies
|
|
-t N Send up to N discover packets (default 3)
|
|
-T SEC Pause between packets (default 3)
|
|
-A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20)
|
|
-n Exit if lease is not obtained
|
|
-q Exit after obtaining lease
|
|
-R Release IP on exit
|
|
-f Run in foreground
|
|
-b Background if lease is not obtained
|
|
-S Log to syslog too
|
|
-a[MSEC] Validate offered address with ARP ping
|
|
-r IP Request this IP address
|
|
-o Don't request any options (unless -O is given)
|
|
-O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative)
|
|
-x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative)
|
|
Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts:
|
|
-x hostname:bbox - option 12
|
|
-x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time)
|
|
-x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id)
|
|
-x 14:'"dumpfile"' - option 14 (shell-quoted)
|
|
-F NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME
|
|
-V VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION')
|
|
-C Don't send MAC as client identifier
|
|
Signals:
|
|
|
|
USR1 Renew lease
|
|
USR2 Release lease
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="217"><B>udhcpd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
udhcpd [-fS] [-I <FONT SIZE="-1">ADDR</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">CONFFILE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">DHCP</FONT> server
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-f Run in foreground
|
|
-S Log to syslog too
|
|
-I ADDR Local address
|
|
-a MSEC Timeout for ARP ping (default 2000)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="218"><B>uevent</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
uevent [<FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
uevent runs <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> for every netlink notification.
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT>'s environment contains data passed from the kernel.
|
|
Typical usage (daemon for dynamic device node creation):
|
|
<TT> </TT># uevent mdev & mdev -s<BR>
|
|
<DT id="219"><B>umount</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
umount [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unmount file systems
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Unmount all file systems
|
|
-r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
|
|
-l Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
|
|
-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
|
|
-d Free loop device if it has been used
|
|
-t FSTYPE[,...] Unmount only these filesystem type(s)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="220"><B>uname</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
uname [-amnrspvio]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print system information
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Print all
|
|
-m The machine (hardware) type
|
|
-n Hostname
|
|
-r Kernel release
|
|
-s Kernel name (default)
|
|
-p Processor type
|
|
-v Kernel version
|
|
-i The hardware platform
|
|
-o OS name
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="221"><B>uncompress</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
uncompress [-cf] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decompress .Z file[s]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Write to stdout
|
|
-f Overwrite
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="222"><B>unexpand</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
unexpand [-fa][-t N] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Convert all blanks
|
|
-f Convert only leading blanks
|
|
-t N Tabstops every N chars
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="223"><B>uniq</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
uniq [-cdu][-f,s,w N] [<FONT SIZE="-1">INPUT</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">OUTPUT</FONT>]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discard duplicate lines
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
|
|
-d Only print duplicate lines
|
|
-u Only print unique lines
|
|
-i Ignore case
|
|
-f N Skip first N fields
|
|
-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
|
|
-w N Compare N characters in line
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="224"><B>unix2dos</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
unix2dos [-ud] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convert <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> in-place from Unix to <FONT SIZE="-1">DOS</FONT> format.
|
|
When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-u dos2unix
|
|
-d unix2dos
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="225"><B>unlink</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
unlink <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Delete <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> by calling <B>unlink()</B>
|
|
<DT id="226"><B>unlzma</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
unlzma [-cfk] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decompress <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Write to stdout
|
|
-f Force
|
|
-k Keep input files
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="227"><B>unshare</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
unshare [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">ARGS</FONT>]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-m,--mount[=FILE] Unshare mount namespace
|
|
-u,--uts[=FILE] Unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc.)
|
|
-i,--ipc[=FILE] Unshare System V IPC namespace
|
|
-n,--net[=FILE] Unshare network namespace
|
|
-p,--pid[=FILE] Unshare PID namespace
|
|
-U,--user[=FILE] Unshare user namespace
|
|
-f,--fork Fork before execing PROG
|
|
-r,--map-root-user Map current user to root (implies -U)
|
|
--mount-proc[=DIR] Mount /proc filesystem first (implies -m)
|
|
--propagation slave|shared|private|unchanged
|
|
Modify mount propagation in mount namespace
|
|
--setgroups allow|deny Control the setgroups syscall in user namespaces
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="228"><B>unxz</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
unxz [-cfk] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decompress <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Write to stdout
|
|
-f Force
|
|
-k Keep input files
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="229"><B>unzip</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
unzip [-lnojpq] FILE[.zip] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]... [-x <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE...</FONT>] [-d <FONT SIZE="-1">DIR</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extract FILEs from <FONT SIZE="-1">ZIP</FONT> archive
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-l List contents (with -q for short form)
|
|
-n Never overwrite files (default: ask)
|
|
-o Overwrite
|
|
-j Do not restore paths
|
|
-p Print to stdout
|
|
-q Quiet
|
|
-x FILE Exclude FILEs
|
|
-d DIR Extract into DIR
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="230"><B>uptime</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
uptime
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Display the time since the last boot
|
|
<DT id="231"><B>usleep</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
usleep N
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pause for N microseconds
|
|
<DT id="232"><B>uudecode</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
uudecode [-o <FONT SIZE="-1">OUTFILE</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">INFILE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uudecode a file
|
|
Finds <FONT SIZE="-1">OUTFILE</FONT> in uuencoded source unless -o is given
|
|
<DT id="233"><B>uuencode</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
uuencode [-m] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">STORED_FILENAME</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uuencode <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin) to stdout
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="234"><B>vconfig</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
vconfig <FONT SIZE="-1">COMMAND</FONT> [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Create and remove virtual ethernet devices
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
add IFACE VLAN_ID
|
|
rem VLAN_NAME
|
|
set_flag IFACE 0|1 VLAN_QOS
|
|
set_egress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS
|
|
set_ingress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS
|
|
set_name_type NAME_TYPE
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="235"><B>vi</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
vi [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edit <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available)
|
|
-R Read-only
|
|
-H List available features
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="236"><B>w</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
w
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Show who is logged on
|
|
<DT id="237"><B>watch</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
watch [-n <FONT SIZE="-1">SEC</FONT>] [-t] <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG ARGS</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> periodically
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-n Loop period in seconds (default 2)
|
|
-t Don't print header
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="238"><B>watchdog</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] <FONT SIZE="-1">DEV</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Periodically write to watchdog device <FONT SIZE="-1">DEV</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60)
|
|
-t N Reset every N seconds (default 30)
|
|
-F Run in foreground
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds
|
|
<DT id="239"><B>wc</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
wc [-cmlwL] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Count lines, words, and bytes for each <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-c Count bytes
|
|
-m Count characters
|
|
-l Count newlines
|
|
-w Count words
|
|
-L Print longest line length
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="240"><B>wget</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
wget [-c|--continue] [--spider] [-q|--quiet] [-O|--output-document <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]
|
|
<TT> </TT>[--header 'header: value'] [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P <FONT SIZE="-1">DIR</FONT>]<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>[--no-check-certificate]<BR>
|
|
<TT> </TT>[-S|--server-response] [-U|--user-agent <FONT SIZE="-1">AGENT</FONT>] <FONT SIZE="-1">URL...</FONT><BR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retrieve files via <FONT SIZE="-1">HTTP</FONT> or <FONT SIZE="-1">FTP</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
--spider Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists
|
|
--no-check-certificate Don't validate the server's certificate
|
|
-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
|
|
-q Quiet
|
|
-P DIR Save to DIR (default .)
|
|
-S Show server response
|
|
-O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout)
|
|
-U STR Use STR for User-Agent header
|
|
-Y on/off Use proxy
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="241"><B>which</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
which [<FONT SIZE="-1">COMMAND</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Locate a <FONT SIZE="-1">COMMAND</FONT>
|
|
<DT id="242"><B>who</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
who [-a]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Show who is logged on
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-a Show all
|
|
-H Print column headers
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="243"><B>whoami</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
whoami
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print the user name associated with the current effective user id
|
|
<DT id="244"><B>xargs</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
xargs [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">PROG ARGS</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run <FONT SIZE="-1">PROG</FONT> on every item given by stdin
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-p Ask user whether to run each command
|
|
-r Don't run command if input is empty
|
|
-0 Input is separated by NULs
|
|
-a FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
|
|
-t Print the command on stderr before execution
|
|
-e[STR] STR stops input processing
|
|
-n N Pass no more than N args to PROG
|
|
-s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes
|
|
-I STR Replace STR within PROG ARGS with input line
|
|
-P N Run up to N PROGs in parallel
|
|
-x Exit if size is exceeded
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="245"><B>xxd</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
xxd [<FONT SIZE="-1">OPTIONS</FONT>] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hex dump <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-g N Bytes per group
|
|
-c N Bytes per line
|
|
-p Show only hex bytes, assumes -c30
|
|
-l LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes
|
|
-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="246"><B>xz</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
xz -d [-cfk] [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decompress <FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT> (or stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
-d Decompress
|
|
-c Write to stdout
|
|
-f Force
|
|
-k Keep input files
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="247"><B>xzcat</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
xzcat [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decompress to stdout
|
|
<DT id="248"><B>yes</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
yes [<FONT SIZE="-1">STRING</FONT>]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repeatedly output a line with <FONT SIZE="-1">STRING,</FONT> or 'y'
|
|
<DT id="249"><B>zcat</B><DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
zcat [<FONT SIZE="-1">FILE</FONT>]...
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decompress to stdout
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
|
|
<H2>LIBC NSS</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">GNU</FONT> Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (<FONT SIZE="-1">NSS</FONT>) to configure the behavior
|
|
of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads
|
|
system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented
|
|
using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the
|
|
/lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make
|
|
use of <FONT SIZE="-1">NSS.</FONT> Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions
|
|
that require <FONT SIZE="-1">NSS.</FONT>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
If you enable <FONT SIZE="-1">CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP,</FONT> BusyBox will use internal functions to
|
|
directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without
|
|
using <FONT SIZE="-1">NSS.</FONT> This may allow you to run your system without the need for
|
|
installing any of the <FONT SIZE="-1">NSS</FONT> configuration files and libraries.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require
|
|
that you install at least some of the glibc <FONT SIZE="-1">NSS</FONT> stuff (in particular,
|
|
/etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*).
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In
|
|
addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the
|
|
use of any <FONT SIZE="-1">NSS</FONT> support files or libraries.
|
|
<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A>
|
|
<H2>MAINTAINER</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denis Vlasenko <<A HREF="mailto:vda.linux@googlemail.com">vda.linux@googlemail.com</A>>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAK"> </A>
|
|
<H2>AUTHORS</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or
|
|
not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be
|
|
listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be
|
|
listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is
|
|
incorrect, please send in an update.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Emanuele Aina <<A HREF="mailto:emanuele.aina@tiscali.it">emanuele.aina@tiscali.it</A>>
|
|
<BR> run-parts
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Erik Andersen <<A HREF="mailto:andersen@codepoet.org">andersen@codepoet.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
|
|
core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
|
|
Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
|
|
nobody is going to actually read.
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Laurence Anderson <<A HREF="mailto:l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk">l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Jeff Angielski <<A HREF="mailto:jeff@theptrgroup.com">jeff@theptrgroup.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
ftpput, ftpget
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Edward Betts <<A HREF="mailto:edward@debian.org">edward@debian.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
expr, hostid, logname, whoami
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
John Beppu <<A HREF="mailto:beppu@codepoet.org">beppu@codepoet.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
du, nslookup, sort
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Brian Candler <<A HREF="mailto:B.Candler@pobox.com">B.Candler@pobox.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
tiny-ls(ls)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Randolph Chung <<A HREF="mailto:tausq@debian.org">tausq@debian.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
fbset, ping, hostname
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Dave Cinege <<A HREF="mailto:dcinege@psychosis.com">dcinege@psychosis.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
|
|
various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Jordan Crouse <<A HREF="mailto:jordan@cosmicpenguin.net">jordan@cosmicpenguin.net</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
ipcalc
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Magnus Damm <<A HREF="mailto:damm@opensource.se">damm@opensource.se</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
tftp client insmod powerpc support
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Larry Doolittle <<A HREF="mailto:ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov">ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Glenn Engel <<A HREF="mailto:glenne@engel.org">glenne@engel.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
httpd
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Gennady Feldman <<A HREF="mailto:gfeldman@gena01.com">gfeldman@gena01.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
|
|
logread), various fixes.
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Karl M. Hegbloom <<A HREF="mailto:karlheg@debian.org">karlheg@debian.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Daniel Jacobowitz <<A HREF="mailto:dan@debian.org">dan@debian.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
mktemp.c
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Matt Kraai <<A HREF="mailto:kraai@alumni.cmu.edu">kraai@alumni.cmu.edu</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
documentation, bugfixes, test suite
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Stephan Linz <<A HREF="mailto:linz@li-pro.net">linz@li-pro.net</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
John Lombardo <<A HREF="mailto:john@deltanet.com">john@deltanet.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
tr
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Glenn McGrath <<A HREF="mailto:bug1@iinet.net.au">bug1@iinet.net.au</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
|
|
nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
|
|
Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Manuel Novoa <FONT SIZE="-1">III</FONT> <<A HREF="mailto:mjn3@codepoet.org">mjn3@codepoet.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
|
|
mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
|
|
get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines
|
|
|
|
also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
|
|
ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
|
|
mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
|
|
interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Vladimir Oleynik <<A HREF="mailto:dzo@simtreas.ru">dzo@simtreas.ru</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
|
|
ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
|
|
locale, various fixes
|
|
and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Bruce Perens <<A HREF="mailto:bruce@pixar.com">bruce@pixar.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
|
|
still be found hiding here and there...
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Tim Riker <<A HREF="mailto:Tim@Rikers.org">Tim@Rikers.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
bug fixes, member of fan club
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Kent Robotti <<A HREF="mailto:robotti@metconnect.com">robotti@metconnect.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Chip Rosenthal <<A HREF="mailto:chip@unicom.com">chip@unicom.com</A>>, <<A HREF="mailto:crosenth@covad.com">crosenth@covad.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Pavel Roskin <<A HREF="mailto:proski@gnu.org">proski@gnu.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Lots of bugs fixes and patches.
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Gyepi Sam <<A HREF="mailto:gyepi@praxis-sw.com">gyepi@praxis-sw.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Remote logging feature for syslogd
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Linus Torvalds <<A HREF="mailto:torvalds@transmeta.com">torvalds@transmeta.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Mark Whitley <<A HREF="mailto:markw@codepoet.org">markw@codepoet.org</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
|
|
style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Charles P. Wright <<A HREF="mailto:cpwright@villagenet.com">cpwright@villagenet.com</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
gzip, mini-netcat(nc)
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Enrique Zanardi <<A HREF="mailto:ezanardi@ull.es">ezanardi@ull.es</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Tito Ragusa <<A HREF="mailto:farmatito@tiscali.it">farmatito@tiscali.it</A>>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
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Paul Fox <<A HREF="mailto:pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us">pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us</A>>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Roberto A. Foglietta <<A HREF="mailto:me@roberto.foglietta.name">me@roberto.foglietta.name</A>>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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port: dnsd
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <<A HREF="mailto:rep.dot.nop@gmail.com">rep.dot.nop@gmail.com</A>>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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misc
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Mike Frysinger <<A HREF="mailto:vapier@gentoo.org">vapier@gentoo.org</A>>
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<P>
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<PRE>
|
|
initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Jie Zhang <<A HREF="mailto:jie.zhang@analog.com">jie.zhang@analog.com</A>>
|
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<P>
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<PRE>
|
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fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes)
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
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<DT id="251"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNTAX</A><DD>
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<DT id="252"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
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<DT id="253"><A HREF="#lbAE">USAGE</A><DD>
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<DT id="254"><A HREF="#lbAF">COMMON OPTIONS</A><DD>
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<DT id="255"><A HREF="#lbAG">COMMANDS</A><DD>
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<DT id="256"><A HREF="#lbAH">COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS</A><DD>
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<DT id="257"><A HREF="#lbAI">LIBC NSS</A><DD>
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<DT id="258"><A HREF="#lbAJ">MAINTAINER</A><DD>
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<DT id="259"><A HREF="#lbAK">AUTHORS</A><DD>
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</DL>
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<HR>
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This document was created by
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
|
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using the manual pages.<BR>
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Time: 00:05:08 GMT, March 31, 2021
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