563 lines
17 KiB
HTML
563 lines
17 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of ENC</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>ENC</H1>
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Section: OpenSSL (1SSL)<BR>Updated: 2021-03-22<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
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openssl-enc, enc - symmetric cipher routines
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
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<B>openssl enc -</B>cipher<B></B>
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[<B>-help</B>]
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[<B>-list</B>]
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[<B>-ciphers</B>]
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[<B>-in filename</B>]
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[<B>-out filename</B>]
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[<B>-pass arg</B>]
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[<B>-e</B>]
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[<B>-d</B>]
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[<B>-a</B>]
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[<B>-base64</B>]
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[<B>-A</B>]
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[<B>-k password</B>]
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[<B>-kfile filename</B>]
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[<B>-K key</B>]
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[<B>-iv </B><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>IV</B></FONT><B></B>]
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[<B>-S salt</B>]
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[<B>-salt</B>]
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[<B>-nosalt</B>]
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[<B>-z</B>]
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[<B>-md digest</B>]
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[<B>-iter count</B>]
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[<B>-pbkdf2</B>]
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[<B>-p</B>]
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[<B>-P</B>]
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[<B>-bufsize number</B>]
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[<B>-nopad</B>]
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[<B>-debug</B>]
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[<B>-none</B>]
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[<B>-rand file...</B>]
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[<B>-writerand file</B>]
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[<B>-engine id</B>]
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<P>
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<B>openssl</B> <I>[cipher]</I> [<B>...</B>]
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
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The symmetric cipher commands allow data to be encrypted or decrypted
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using various block and stream ciphers using keys based on passwords
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or explicitly provided. Base64 encoding or decoding can also be performed
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either by itself or in addition to the encryption or decryption.
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="1"><B>-help</B><DD>
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Print out a usage message.
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<DT id="2"><B>-list</B><DD>
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List all supported ciphers.
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<DT id="3"><B>-ciphers</B><DD>
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Alias of -list to display all supported ciphers.
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<DT id="4"><B>-in filename</B><DD>
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The input filename, standard input by default.
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<DT id="5"><B>-out filename</B><DD>
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The output filename, standard output by default.
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<DT id="6"><B>-pass arg</B><DD>
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The password source. For more information about the format of <B>arg</B>
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see the <B></B><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS</B></FONT><B></B> section in <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+openssl">openssl</A></B>(1).
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<DT id="7"><B>-e</B><DD>
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Encrypt the input data: this is the default.
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<DT id="8"><B>-d</B><DD>
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Decrypt the input data.
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<DT id="9"><B>-a</B><DD>
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Base64 process the data. This means that if encryption is taking place
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the data is base64 encoded after encryption. If decryption is set then
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the input data is base64 decoded before being decrypted.
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<DT id="10"><B>-base64</B><DD>
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Same as <B>-a</B>
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<DT id="11"><B>-A</B><DD>
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If the <B>-a</B> option is set then base64 process the data on one line.
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<DT id="12"><B>-k password</B><DD>
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The password to derive the key from. This is for compatibility with previous
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versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by the <B>-pass</B> argument.
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<DT id="13"><B>-kfile filename</B><DD>
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Read the password to derive the key from the first line of <B>filename</B>.
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This is for compatibility with previous versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by
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the <B>-pass</B> argument.
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<DT id="14"><B>-md digest</B><DD>
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Use the specified digest to create the key from the passphrase.
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The default algorithm is sha-256.
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<DT id="15"><B>-iter count</B><DD>
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Use a given number of iterations on the password in deriving the encryption key.
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High values increase the time required to brute-force the resulting file.
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This option enables the use of <FONT SIZE="-1">PBKDF2</FONT> algorithm to derive the key.
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<DT id="16"><B>-pbkdf2</B><DD>
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Use <FONT SIZE="-1">PBKDF2</FONT> algorithm with default iteration count unless otherwise specified.
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<DT id="17"><B>-nosalt</B><DD>
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Don't use a salt in the key derivation routines. This option <B></B><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>SHOULD NOT</B></FONT><B></B> be
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used except for test purposes or compatibility with ancient versions of
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OpenSSL.
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<DT id="18"><B>-salt</B><DD>
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Use salt (randomly generated or provide with <B>-S</B> option) when
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encrypting, this is the default.
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<DT id="19"><B>-S salt</B><DD>
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The actual salt to use: this must be represented as a string of hex digits.
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<DT id="20"><B>-K key</B><DD>
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The actual key to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
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of hex digits. If only the key is specified, the <FONT SIZE="-1">IV</FONT> must additionally specified
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using the <B>-iv</B> option. When both a key and a password are specified, the
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key given with the <B>-K</B> option will be used and the <FONT SIZE="-1">IV</FONT> generated from the
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password will be taken. It does not make much sense to specify both key
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and password.
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<DT id="21"><B>-iv </B><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>IV</B></FONT><B></B><DD>
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The actual <FONT SIZE="-1">IV</FONT> to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
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of hex digits. When only the key is specified using the <B>-K</B> option, the
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<FONT SIZE="-1">IV</FONT> must explicitly be defined. When a password is being specified using
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one of the other options, the <FONT SIZE="-1">IV</FONT> is generated from this password.
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<DT id="22"><B>-p</B><DD>
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Print out the key and <FONT SIZE="-1">IV</FONT> used.
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<DT id="23"><B>-P</B><DD>
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Print out the key and <FONT SIZE="-1">IV</FONT> used then immediately exit: don't do any encryption
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or decryption.
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<DT id="24"><B>-bufsize number</B><DD>
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Set the buffer size for I/O.
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<DT id="25"><B>-nopad</B><DD>
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Disable standard block padding.
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<DT id="26"><B>-debug</B><DD>
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Debug the BIOs used for I/O.
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<DT id="27"><B>-z</B><DD>
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Compress or decompress clear text using zlib before encryption or after
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decryption. This option exists only if OpenSSL with compiled with zlib
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or zlib-dynamic option.
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<DT id="28"><B>-none</B><DD>
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Use <FONT SIZE="-1">NULL</FONT> cipher (no encryption or decryption of input).
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<DT id="29"><B>-rand file...</B><DD>
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A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
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generator.
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Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
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The separator is <B>;</B> for MS-Windows, <B>,</B> for OpenVMS, and <B>:</B> for
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all others.
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<DT id="30">[<B>-writerand file</B>]<DD>
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Writes random data to the specified <I>file</I> upon exit.
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This can be used with a subsequent <B>-rand</B> flag.
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>NOTES</H2>
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The program can be called either as <B>openssl cipher</B> or
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<B>openssl enc -cipher</B>. The first form doesn't work with
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engine-provided ciphers, because this form is processed before the
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configuration file is read and any ENGINEs loaded.
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Use the <B>list</B> command to get a list of supported ciphers.
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<P>
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Engines which provide entirely new encryption algorithms (such as the ccgost
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engine which provides gost89 algorithm) should be configured in the
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configuration file. Engines specified on the command line using -engine
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options can only be used for hardware-assisted implementations of
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ciphers which are supported by the OpenSSL core or another engine specified
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in the configuration file.
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<P>
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When the enc command lists supported ciphers, ciphers provided by engines,
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specified in the configuration files are listed too.
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<P>
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A password will be prompted for to derive the key and <FONT SIZE="-1">IV</FONT> if necessary.
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<P>
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The <B>-salt</B> option should <B></B><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>ALWAYS</B></FONT><B></B> be used if the key is being derived
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from a password unless you want compatibility with previous versions of
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OpenSSL.
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<P>
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Without the <B>-salt</B> option it is possible to perform efficient dictionary
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attacks on the password and to attack stream cipher encrypted data. The reason
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for this is that without the salt the same password always generates the same
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encryption key. When the salt is being used the first eight bytes of the
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encrypted data are reserved for the salt: it is generated at random when
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encrypting a file and read from the encrypted file when it is decrypted.
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<P>
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Some of the ciphers do not have large keys and others have security
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implications if not used correctly. A beginner is advised to just use
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a strong block cipher, such as <FONT SIZE="-1">AES,</FONT> in <FONT SIZE="-1">CBC</FONT> mode.
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<P>
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All the block ciphers normally use PKCS#5 padding, also known as standard
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block padding. This allows a rudimentary integrity or password check to
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be performed. However since the chance of random data passing the test
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is better than 1 in 256 it isn't a very good test.
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<P>
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If padding is disabled then the input data must be a multiple of the cipher
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block length.
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<P>
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All <FONT SIZE="-1">RC2</FONT> ciphers have the same key and effective key length.
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<P>
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Blowfish and <FONT SIZE="-1">RC5</FONT> algorithms use a 128 bit key.
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
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<H2>SUPPORTED CIPHERS</H2>
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Note that some of these ciphers can be disabled at compile time
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and some are available only if an appropriate engine is configured
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in the configuration file. The output of the <B>enc</B> command run with
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the <B>-ciphers</B> option (that is <B>openssl enc -ciphers</B>) produces a
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list of ciphers, supported by your version of OpenSSL, including
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ones provided by configured engines.
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<P>
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The <B>enc</B> program does not support authenticated encryption modes
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like <FONT SIZE="-1">CCM</FONT> and <FONT SIZE="-1">GCM,</FONT> and will not support such modes in the future.
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The <B>enc</B> interface by necessity must begin streaming output (e.g.,
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to standard output when <B>-out</B> is not used) before the authentication
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tag could be validated, leading to the usage of <B>enc</B> in pipelines
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that begin processing untrusted data and are not capable of rolling
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back upon authentication failure. The <FONT SIZE="-1">AEAD</FONT> modes currently in common
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use also suffer from catastrophic failure of confidentiality and/or
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integrity upon reuse of key/iv/nonce, and since <B>enc</B> places the
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entire burden of key/iv/nonce management upon the user, the risk of
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exposing <FONT SIZE="-1">AEAD</FONT> modes is too great to allow. These key/iv/nonce
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management issues also affect other modes currently exposed in <B>enc</B>,
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but the failure modes are less extreme in these cases, and the
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functionality cannot be removed with a stable release branch.
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For bulk encryption of data, whether using authenticated encryption
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modes or other modes, <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+cms">cms</A></B>(1) is recommended, as it provides a
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standard data format and performs the needed key/iv/nonce management.
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<P>
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<PRE>
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base64 Base 64
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bf-cbc Blowfish in CBC mode
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bf Alias for bf-cbc
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blowfish Alias for bf-cbc
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bf-cfb Blowfish in CFB mode
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bf-ecb Blowfish in ECB mode
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bf-ofb Blowfish in OFB mode
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cast-cbc CAST in CBC mode
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cast Alias for cast-cbc
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cast5-cbc CAST5 in CBC mode
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cast5-cfb CAST5 in CFB mode
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cast5-ecb CAST5 in ECB mode
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cast5-ofb CAST5 in OFB mode
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chacha20 ChaCha20 algorithm
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des-cbc DES in CBC mode
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des Alias for des-cbc
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des-cfb DES in CFB mode
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des-ofb DES in OFB mode
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des-ecb DES in ECB mode
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des-ede-cbc Two key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
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des-ede Two key triple DES EDE in ECB mode
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des-ede-cfb Two key triple DES EDE in CFB mode
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des-ede-ofb Two key triple DES EDE in OFB mode
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des-ede3-cbc Three key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
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des-ede3 Three key triple DES EDE in ECB mode
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des3 Alias for des-ede3-cbc
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des-ede3-cfb Three key triple DES EDE CFB mode
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des-ede3-ofb Three key triple DES EDE in OFB mode
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desx DESX algorithm.
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gost89 GOST 28147-89 in CFB mode (provided by ccgost engine)
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gost89-cnt `GOST 28147-89 in CNT mode (provided by ccgost engine)
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idea-cbc IDEA algorithm in CBC mode
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idea same as idea-cbc
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idea-cfb IDEA in CFB mode
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idea-ecb IDEA in ECB mode
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idea-ofb IDEA in OFB mode
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rc2-cbc 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
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rc2 Alias for rc2-cbc
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rc2-cfb 128 bit RC2 in CFB mode
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rc2-ecb 128 bit RC2 in ECB mode
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rc2-ofb 128 bit RC2 in OFB mode
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rc2-64-cbc 64 bit RC2 in CBC mode
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rc2-40-cbc 40 bit RC2 in CBC mode
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rc4 128 bit RC4
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rc4-64 64 bit RC4
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rc4-40 40 bit RC4
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rc5-cbc RC5 cipher in CBC mode
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rc5 Alias for rc5-cbc
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rc5-cfb RC5 cipher in CFB mode
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rc5-ecb RC5 cipher in ECB mode
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rc5-ofb RC5 cipher in OFB mode
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seed-cbc SEED cipher in CBC mode
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seed Alias for seed-cbc
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seed-cfb SEED cipher in CFB mode
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seed-ecb SEED cipher in ECB mode
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seed-ofb SEED cipher in OFB mode
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sm4-cbc SM4 cipher in CBC mode
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sm4 Alias for sm4-cbc
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sm4-cfb SM4 cipher in CFB mode
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sm4-ctr SM4 cipher in CTR mode
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sm4-ecb SM4 cipher in ECB mode
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sm4-ofb SM4 cipher in OFB mode
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aes-[128|192|256]-cbc 128/192/256 bit AES in CBC mode
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aes[128|192|256] Alias for aes-[128|192|256]-cbc
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aes-[128|192|256]-cfb 128/192/256 bit AES in 128 bit CFB mode
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aes-[128|192|256]-cfb1 128/192/256 bit AES in 1 bit CFB mode
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aes-[128|192|256]-cfb8 128/192/256 bit AES in 8 bit CFB mode
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aes-[128|192|256]-ctr 128/192/256 bit AES in CTR mode
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aes-[128|192|256]-ecb 128/192/256 bit AES in ECB mode
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aes-[128|192|256]-ofb 128/192/256 bit AES in OFB mode
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aria-[128|192|256]-cbc 128/192/256 bit ARIA in CBC mode
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aria[128|192|256] Alias for aria-[128|192|256]-cbc
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aria-[128|192|256]-cfb 128/192/256 bit ARIA in 128 bit CFB mode
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aria-[128|192|256]-cfb1 128/192/256 bit ARIA in 1 bit CFB mode
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aria-[128|192|256]-cfb8 128/192/256 bit ARIA in 8 bit CFB mode
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aria-[128|192|256]-ctr 128/192/256 bit ARIA in CTR mode
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aria-[128|192|256]-ecb 128/192/256 bit ARIA in ECB mode
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aria-[128|192|256]-ofb 128/192/256 bit ARIA in OFB mode
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camellia-[128|192|256]-cbc 128/192/256 bit Camellia in CBC mode
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camellia[128|192|256] Alias for camellia-[128|192|256]-cbc
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camellia-[128|192|256]-cfb 128/192/256 bit Camellia in 128 bit CFB mode
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camellia-[128|192|256]-cfb1 128/192/256 bit Camellia in 1 bit CFB mode
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camellia-[128|192|256]-cfb8 128/192/256 bit Camellia in 8 bit CFB mode
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camellia-[128|192|256]-ctr 128/192/256 bit Camellia in CTR mode
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camellia-[128|192|256]-ecb 128/192/256 bit Camellia in ECB mode
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camellia-[128|192|256]-ofb 128/192/256 bit Camellia in OFB mode
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</PRE>
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<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
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<H2>EXAMPLES</H2>
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Just base64 encode a binary file:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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openssl base64 -in file.bin -out file.b64
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Decode the same file
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<P>
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<PRE>
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openssl base64 -d -in file.b64 -out file.bin
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Encrypt a file using <FONT SIZE="-1">AES-128</FONT> using a prompted password
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and <FONT SIZE="-1">PBKDF2</FONT> key derivation:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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openssl enc -aes128 -pbkdf2 -in file.txt -out file.aes128
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Decrypt a file using a supplied password:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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openssl enc -aes128 -pbkdf2 -d -in file.aes128 -out file.txt \
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-pass pass:<password>
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Encrypt a file then base64 encode it (so it can be sent via mail for example)
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using <FONT SIZE="-1">AES-256</FONT> in <FONT SIZE="-1">CTR</FONT> mode and <FONT SIZE="-1">PBKDF2</FONT> key derivation:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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openssl enc -aes-256-ctr -pbkdf2 -a -in file.txt -out file.aes256
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Base64 decode a file then decrypt it using a password supplied in a file:
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|
<P>
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|
|
<PRE>
|
|
openssl enc -aes-256-ctr -pbkdf2 -d -a -in file.aes256 -out file.txt \
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-pass file:<passfile>
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</PRE>
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<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
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|
<H2>BUGS</H2>
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The <B>-A</B> option when used with large files doesn't work properly.
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|
<P>
|
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|
|
The <B>enc</B> program only supports a fixed number of algorithms with
|
|
certain parameters. So if, for example, you want to use <FONT SIZE="-1">RC2</FONT> with a
|
|
76 bit key or <FONT SIZE="-1">RC4</FONT> with an 84 bit key you can't use this program.
|
|
<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A>
|
|
<H2>HISTORY</H2>
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The default digest was changed from <FONT SIZE="-1">MD5</FONT> to <FONT SIZE="-1">SHA256</FONT> in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The <B>-list</B> option was added in OpenSSL 1.1.1e.
|
|
<A NAME="lbAK"> </A>
|
|
<H2>COPYRIGHT</H2>
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|
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Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the ``License''). You may not use
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
|
in the file <FONT SIZE="-1">LICENSE</FONT> in the source distribution or at
|
|
<<A HREF="https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html">https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html</A>>.
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|
<P>
|
|
|
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<HR>
|
|
<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
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<DL>
|
|
<DT id="31"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="32"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
|
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<DT id="33"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
|
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<DT id="34"><A HREF="#lbAE">OPTIONS</A><DD>
|
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<DT id="35"><A HREF="#lbAF">NOTES</A><DD>
|
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<DT id="36"><A HREF="#lbAG">SUPPORTED CIPHERS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="37"><A HREF="#lbAH">EXAMPLES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="38"><A HREF="#lbAI">BUGS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="39"><A HREF="#lbAJ">HISTORY</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="40"><A HREF="#lbAK">COPYRIGHT</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
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<HR>
|
|
This document was created by
|
|
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
|
|
using the manual pages.<BR>
|
|
Time: 00:05:11 GMT, March 31, 2021
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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