2343 lines
41 KiB
HTML
2343 lines
41 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of GROFF</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>GROFF</H1>
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Section: User Commands (1)<BR>Updated: 21 March 2020<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
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groff - front-end for the groff document formatting system
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
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[ <B>-abcegijklpstzCEGNRSUVXZ</B> ]
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[ <B>-d </B><I>cs</I> ]
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[ <B>-D </B><I>arg</I> ]
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[ <B>-f </B><I>fam</I> ]
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[ <B>-F </B><I>dir</I> ]
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[ <B>-I </B><I>dir</I> ]
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[ <B>-K </B><I>arg</I> ]
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[ <B>-L </B><I>arg</I> ]
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[ <B>-m </B><I>name</I> ]
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[ <B>-M </B><I>dir</I> ]
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[ <B>-n </B><I>num</I> ]
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[ <B>-o </B><I>list</I> ]
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[ <B>-P </B><I>arg</I> ]
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[ <B>-r </B><I>cn</I> ]
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[ <B>-T </B><I>dev</I> ]
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[ <B>-w </B><I>name</I> ]
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[ <B>-W </B><I>name</I> ]
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[<I>file</I>
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...]
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<B>-h</B>
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<B>--help</B>
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<B>-v</B>
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[<I>option</I>
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...]
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<B>--version</B>
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[<I>option</I>
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...]
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
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This document describes the
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<B>groff</B>
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program, the main front-end for the
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<I>groff</I>
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document formatting system.
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The
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<I>groff</I>
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program and macro suite is the implementation of a
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+roff">roff</A></B>(7)
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system within the free software collection
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GNU
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The
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<I>groff</I>
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system has all features of the classical
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<I>roff</I>,
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but adds many extensions.
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<P>
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The
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<B>groff</B>
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program allows control of the whole
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<I>groff</I>
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system by command-line options.
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This is a great simplification in comparison to the classical case (which
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uses pipes only).
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
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The command line is parsed according to the usual GNU
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convention.
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Whitespace is permitted between a command-line option and its argument.
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Options can be grouped behind a single '-' (minus character).
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A filename of
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<B>-</B>
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(minus character) denotes the standard input.
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<P>
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As
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<B>groff</B>
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is a wrapper program for
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<B>troff</B>
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both programs share a set of options.
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But the
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<B>groff</B>
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program has some additional, native options and gives a new meaning to
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some
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<B>troff</B>
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options.
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On the other hand, not all
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<B>troff</B>
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options can be fed into
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<B>groff</B>.
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H3>Native groff Options</H3>
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The following options either do not exist for
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<B>troff</B>
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or are differently interpreted by
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<B>groff</B>.
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="1"><B>-D </B><I>arg</I>
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<DD>
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Set default input encoding used by
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<B>preconv</B>
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to
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<I>arg</I>.
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Implies
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<B>-k</B>.
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<DT id="2"><B>-e</B>
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<DD>
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Preprocess with
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<B>eqn</B>.
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<DT id="3"><B>-g</B>
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<DD>
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Preprocess with
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<B>grn</B>.
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<DT id="4"><B>-G</B>
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<DD>
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Preprocess with
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<B>grap</B>.
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Implies
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<B>-p</B>.
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<DT id="5"><B>-h</B>
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<DD>
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<B>--help</B>
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Print a help message.
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<DT id="6"><B>-I </B><I>dir</I>
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<DD>
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This option may be used to specify a directory to search for
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files (both those on the command line and those named in
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<B>.psbb</B>
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and
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<B>.so</B>
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requests, and
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<B>\X'ps: import'</B>
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,
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<B>\X'ps: file'</B>
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and
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<B>\X'pdf: pdfpic'</B>
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escapes).
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The current directory is always searched first.
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This option may be specified more than once;
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the directories are searched in the order specified.
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No directory search is performed for files specified using an absolute path.
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This option implies the
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<B>-s</B>
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option.
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<DT id="7"><B>-j</B>
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<DD>
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Preprocess with
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<B>chem</B>.
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Implies
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<B>-p</B>.
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<DT id="8"><B>-k</B>
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<DD>
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Preprocess with
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<B>preconv</B>.
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This is run before any other preprocessor.
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Please refer to
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<B>preconv</B>'s
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manual page for its behaviour if no
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<B>-K</B>
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(or
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<B>-D</B>)
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option is specified.
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<DT id="9"><B>-K </B><I>arg</I>
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<DD>
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Set input encoding used by
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<B>preconv</B>
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to
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<I>arg</I>.
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Implies
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<B>-k</B>.
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<DT id="10"><B>-l</B>
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<DD>
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Send the output to a spooler program for printing.
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The command that should be used for this is specified by the
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<B>print</B>
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command in the device description file, see
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_font">groff_font</A></B>(5).
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If this command is not present, the output is piped into the
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+lpr">lpr</A></B>(1)
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program by default.
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See options
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<B>-L</B>
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and
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<B>-X</B>.
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<DT id="11"><B>-L </B><I>arg</I>
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<DD>
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Pass
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<I>arg</I>
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to the spooler program.
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Several arguments should be passed with a separate
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-L
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option each.
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Note that
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<B>groff</B>
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does not prepend
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'-'
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(a minus sign) to
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<I>arg</I>
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before passing it to the spooler program.
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<DT id="12"><B>-N</B>
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<DD>
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Don't allow newlines within
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<I>eqn</I>
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delimiters.
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This is the same as the
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<B>-N</B>
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option in
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<B>eqn</B>.
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<DT id="13"><B>-p</B>
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<DD>
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Preprocess with
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<B>pic</B>.
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<DT id="14"><B>-P </B><I>-option</I>
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<DD>
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<B>-P </B><I>-option</I><B> -P </B><I>arg</I>
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Pass
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<I>-option</I>
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or
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<I>-option~arg</I>
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to the postprocessor.
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The option must be specified with the necessary preceding minus
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sign(s)
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'-'
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or
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'--'
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because
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<B>groff</B>
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does not prepend any dashes before passing it to the postprocessor.
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For example, to pass a title to the
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<B>gxditview</B>
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postprocessor, the shell command
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="15"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="16"><DD>
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groff -X -P -title -P 'groff it' foo
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<DT id="17"><DD>
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is equivalent to
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="18"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="19"><DD>
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groff -X -Z foo | gxditview -title 'groff it' -
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<DT id="20"><B>-R</B>
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<DD>
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Preprocess with
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<B>refer</B>.
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No mechanism is provided for passing arguments to
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<B>refer</B>
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because most
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<B>refer</B>
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options have equivalent language elements that can be specified within
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the document.
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See
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+refer">refer</A></B>(1)
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for more details.
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<DT id="21"><B>-s</B>
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<DD>
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Preprocess with
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<B>soelim</B>.
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<DT id="22"><B>-S</B>
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<DD>
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Safer mode.
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Pass the
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<B>-S</B>
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option to
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<B>pic</B>
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and disable the following
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<B>troff</B>
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requests:
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<B>.open</B>,
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<B>.opena</B>,
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<B>.pso</B>,
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<B>.sy</B>,
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and
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<B>.pi</B>.
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For security reasons, safer mode is enabled by default.
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<DT id="23"><B>-t</B>
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<DD>
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Preprocess with
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<B>tbl</B>.
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<DT id="24"><B>-T </B><I>dev</I>
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<DD>
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Set output device to
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<I>dev</I>.
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For this device,
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<B>troff</B>
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generates the
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<I>intermediate</I>
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<I>output</I>;
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see
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_out">groff_out</A></B>(5).
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Then
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<B>groff</B>
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calls a postprocessor to convert
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<B>troff</B>'s
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<I>intermediate output</I>
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to its final format.
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Real devices in
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<B>groff</B>
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are
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="25"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="26"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="27">dvi<DD>
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TeX DVI format (postprocessor is
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<B>grodvi</B>).
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<DT id="28">html<DD>
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xhtml
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HTML and XHTML output (preprocessors are
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<B>soelim</B>
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and
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<B>pre-grohtml</B>,
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postprocessor is
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<B>post-grohtml</B>).
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<DT id="29">lbp<DD>
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Canon CAPSL printers (LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser printers;
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postprocessor is
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<B>grolbp</B>).
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<DT id="30">lj4<DD>
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HP LaserJet4 compatible (or other PCL5 compatible) printers (postprocessor
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is
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<B>grolj4</B>).
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<DT id="31">ps<DD>
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PostScript output (postprocessor is
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<B>grops</B>).
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<DT id="32">pdf<DD>
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Portable Document Format (PDF) output (postprocessor is
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<B>gropdf</B>).
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</DL>
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<DT id="33"><DD>
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For the following TTY output devices (postprocessor is always
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<B>grotty</B>),
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<B>-T</B>
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selects the output encoding:
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="34"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="35"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="36">ascii<DD>
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7bit ASCII.
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<DT id="37">cp1047<DD>
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Latin-1 character set for EBCDIC hosts.
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<DT id="38">latin1<DD>
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ISO 8859-1.
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<DT id="39">utf8<DD>
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Unicode character set in UTF-8 encoding.
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This mode has the most useful fonts for TTY mode, so it is the best
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mode for TTY output.
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</DL>
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<DT id="40"><DD>
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The following arguments select
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<B>gxditview</B>
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as the 'postprocessor' (it is rather a viewing program):
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="41"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="42"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="43">X75<DD>
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75dpi resolution, 10pt document base font.
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<DT id="44">X75-12<DD>
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75dpi resolution, 12pt document base font.
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<DT id="45">X100<DD>
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100dpi resolution, 10pt document base font.
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<DT id="46">X100-12<DD>
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100dpi resolution, 12pt document base font.
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</DL>
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<DT id="47"><DD>
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The default device is
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<B>ps</B>.
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<DT id="48"><B>-U</B>
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<DD>
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Unsafe mode.
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Reverts to the (old) unsafe behaviour; see option
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<B>-S</B>.
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<DT id="49"><B>-v</B>
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<DD>
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<B>--version</B>
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Output version information of
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<B>groff</B>
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and of all programs that are run by it; that is, the given command line
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is parsed in the usual way, passing
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<B>-v</B>
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to all subprograms.
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<DT id="50"><B>-V</B>
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<DD>
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Output the pipeline that would be run by
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<B>groff</B>
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(as a wrapper program) on the standard output, but do not execute it.
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If given more than once,
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the commands are both printed on the standard error and run.
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<DT id="51"><B>-X</B>
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<DD>
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Use
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<B>gxditview</B>
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instead of using the usual postprocessor to (pre)view a document.
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The printing spooler behavior as outlined with options
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<B>-l</B>
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and
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<B>-L</B>
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is carried over to
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gxditview">gxditview</A></B>(1)
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by determining an argument for the
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<B>-printCommand</B>
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option of
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gxditview">gxditview</A></B>(1).
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This sets the default
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<B>Print</B>
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action and the corresponding menu entry to that value.
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<B>-X</B>
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only produces good results with
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<B>-Tps</B>,
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<B>-TX75</B>,
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<B>-TX75-12</B>,
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<B>-TX100</B>,
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and
|
|
<B>-TX100-12</B>.
|
|
|
|
The default resolution for previewing
|
|
<B>-Tps</B>
|
|
|
|
output is 75dpi; this can be changed by passing the
|
|
<B>-resolution</B>
|
|
|
|
option to
|
|
<B>gxditview</B>,
|
|
|
|
for example
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="52"><DD>
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="53"><DD>
|
|
|
|
groff -X -P-resolution -P100 -man foo.1
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<DT id="54"><B>-z</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Suppress output generated by
|
|
<B>troff</B>.
|
|
|
|
Only error messages are printed.
|
|
<DT id="55"><B>-Z</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Do not automatically postprocess
|
|
<I>groff intermediate output</I>
|
|
|
|
in the usual manner.
|
|
This will cause the
|
|
<B>troff</B>
|
|
|
|
<I>output</I>
|
|
|
|
to appear on standard output,
|
|
replacing the usual postprocessor output; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_out">groff_out</A></B>(5).
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Transparent Options</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following options are transparently handed over to the formatter
|
|
program
|
|
<B>troff</B>
|
|
|
|
that is called by
|
|
<B>groff</B>
|
|
|
|
subsequently.
|
|
These options are described in more detail in
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="56"><B>-a</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
ASCII approximation of output.
|
|
<DT id="57"><B>-b</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Backtrace on error or warning.
|
|
<DT id="58"><B>-c</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Disable color output.
|
|
Please consult the
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grotty">grotty</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
man page for more details.
|
|
<DT id="59"><B>-C</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Enable compatibility mode.
|
|
<DT id="60"><B>-d </B><I>cs</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
|
|
<B>-d </B><I>name</I><B>=</B><I>s</I>
|
|
|
|
Define string.
|
|
<DT id="61"><B>-E</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Disable
|
|
<B>troff</B>
|
|
|
|
error messages.
|
|
<DT id="62"><B>-f </B><I>fam</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Set default font family.
|
|
<DT id="63"><B>-F </B><I>dir</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Set path for device
|
|
<I>DESC</I>
|
|
|
|
files.
|
|
<DT id="64"><B>-i</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Process standard input after the specified input files.
|
|
<DT id="65"><B>-m </B><I>name</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Include macro file
|
|
name<I>.tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
(or
|
|
<I>tmac.</I>name);
|
|
|
|
see also
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_tmac">groff_tmac</A></B>(5).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="66"><B>-M </B><I>dir</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Path for macro files.
|
|
<DT id="67"><B>-n </B><I>num</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Number the first page
|
|
<I>num</I>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="68"><B>-o </B><I>list</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Output only pages in
|
|
<I>list</I>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="69"><B>-r </B><I>cn</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
|
|
<B>-r </B><I>name</I><B>=</B><I>n</I>
|
|
|
|
Set number register.
|
|
<DT id="70"><B>-w </B><I>name</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Enable warning
|
|
<I>name</I>.
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
for names.
|
|
<DT id="71"><B>-W </B><I>name</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
disable warning
|
|
<I>name</I>.
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
for names.
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
|
|
<H2>USING GROFF</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<I>groff system</I>
|
|
|
|
implements the infrastructure of classical roff; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+roff">roff</A></B>(7)
|
|
|
|
for a survey on how a
|
|
<I>roff</I>
|
|
|
|
system works in general.
|
|
Due to the front-end programs available within the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
system, using
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
is much easier than
|
|
<I>classical roff</I>.
|
|
|
|
This section gives an overview of the parts that constitute the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
system.
|
|
It complements
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+roff">roff</A></B>(7)
|
|
|
|
with
|
|
<I>groff</I>-specific
|
|
|
|
features.
|
|
This section can be regarded as a guide to the documentation around
|
|
the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
system.
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Paper Size</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<I>virtual</I>
|
|
|
|
paper size used by
|
|
<B>troff</B>
|
|
|
|
to format the input is controlled globally with the requests
|
|
<B>.po</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>.pl</B>,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>.ll</B>.
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_tmac">groff_tmac</A></B>(5)
|
|
|
|
for the 'papersize' macro package which provides a convenient
|
|
interface.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<I>physical</I>
|
|
|
|
paper size, giving the actual dimensions of the paper sheets, is
|
|
controlled by output devices like
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
with the command-line options
|
|
<B>-p</B>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>-l</B>.
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_font">groff_font</A></B>(5)
|
|
|
|
and the man pages of the output devices for more details.
|
|
<B>groff</B>
|
|
|
|
uses the command-line option
|
|
<B>-P</B>
|
|
|
|
to pass options to output devices; for example, the following selects
|
|
A4 paper in landscape orientation for the PS device:
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="72"><DD>
|
|
|
|
groff -Tps -P-pa4 -P-l ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Front-ends</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<B>groff</B>
|
|
|
|
program is a wrapper around the
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
program.
|
|
It allows one to specify the preprocessors by command-line options and
|
|
automatically runs the postprocessor that is appropriate for the
|
|
selected device.
|
|
Doing so, the sometimes tedious piping mechanism of classical
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+roff">roff</A></B>(7)
|
|
|
|
can be avoided.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grog">grog</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
program can be used for guessing the correct
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
command line to format a file.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+groffer">groffer</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
program is an all-around viewer for
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
files and man pages.
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAK"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Preprocessors</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
preprocessors are reimplementations of the classical preprocessors
|
|
with moderate extensions.
|
|
The standard preprocessors distributed with the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
package are
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="73"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+eqn">eqn</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for mathematical formulae,
|
|
<DT id="74"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grn">grn</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for including
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gremlin">gremlin</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
pictures,
|
|
<DT id="75"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pic">pic</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for drawing diagrams,
|
|
<DT id="76"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+chem">chem</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for chemical structure diagrams,
|
|
<DT id="77"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+refer">refer</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for bibliographic references,
|
|
<DT id="78"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+soelim">soelim</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for including macro files from standard locations,
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="79"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+tbl">tbl</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for tables.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
A new preprocessor not available in classical
|
|
<I>troff</I>
|
|
|
|
is
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+preconv">preconv</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
which converts various input encodings to something
|
|
<B>groff</B>
|
|
|
|
can understand.
|
|
It is always run first before any other preprocessor.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Besides these, there are some internal preprocessors that are
|
|
automatically run with some devices.
|
|
These aren't visible to the user.
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAL"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Macro Packages</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Macro packages can be included by option
|
|
<B>-m</B>.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
system implements and extends all classical macro packages in a
|
|
compatible way and adds some packages of its own.
|
|
Actually, the following macro packages come with
|
|
<I>groff</I>:
|
|
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="80"><B>man</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
The traditional man page format; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_man">groff_man</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
It can be specified on the command line as
|
|
<B>-man</B>
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
<B>-m~man</B>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="81"><B>mandoc</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
The general package for man pages; it automatically recognizes
|
|
whether the documents uses the
|
|
<I>man</I>
|
|
|
|
or the
|
|
<I>mdoc</I>
|
|
|
|
format and branches to the corresponding macro package.
|
|
It can be specified on the command line as
|
|
<B>-mandoc</B>
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
<B>-m~mandoc</B>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="82"><B>mdoc</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
The BSD-style man page format; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_mdoc">groff_mdoc</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
It can be specified on the command line as
|
|
<B>-mdoc</B>
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
<B>-m~mdoc</B>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="83"><B>me</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
The classical
|
|
<I>me</I>
|
|
|
|
document format; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_me">groff_me</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
It can be specified on the command line as
|
|
<B>-me</B>
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
<B>-m~me</B>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="84"><B>mm</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
The classical
|
|
<I>mm</I>
|
|
|
|
document format; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_mm">groff_mm</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
It can be specified on the command line as
|
|
<B>-mm</B>
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
<B>-m~mm</B>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="85"><B>ms</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
The classical
|
|
<I>ms</I>
|
|
|
|
document format; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_ms">groff_ms</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
It can be specified on the command line as
|
|
<B>-ms</B>
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
<B>-m~ms</B>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="86"><B>www</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
HTML-like macros for inclusion in arbitrary
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
documents; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_www">groff_www</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Details on the naming of macro files and their placement can be found
|
|
in
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_tmac">groff_tmac</A></B>(5);
|
|
|
|
this man page also documents some other, minor auxiliary macro packages
|
|
not mentioned here.
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAM"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Programming Language</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
General concepts common to all
|
|
<I>roff</I>
|
|
|
|
programming languages are described in
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+roff">roff</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
extensions to the classical
|
|
<I>troff</I>
|
|
|
|
language are documented in
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_diff">groff_diff</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
An overview of language features,
|
|
including all supported escapes and requests,
|
|
can be found in
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff">groff</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAN"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Formatters</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The central
|
|
<I>roff</I>
|
|
|
|
formatter within the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
system is
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
It provides the features of both the classical
|
|
<I>troff</I>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>nroff</I>,
|
|
|
|
as well as the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
extensions.
|
|
The command-line option
|
|
<B>-C</B>
|
|
|
|
switches
|
|
<B>troff</B>
|
|
|
|
into
|
|
<I>compatibility mode</I>
|
|
|
|
which tries to emulate classical
|
|
<I>roff</I>
|
|
|
|
as much as possible.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
There is a shell script
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+nroff">nroff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
that emulates the behavior of classical
|
|
<B>nroff</B>.
|
|
|
|
It tries to automatically select the proper output encoding, according to
|
|
the current locale.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The formatter program generates
|
|
<I>intermediate output</I>;
|
|
|
|
see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_out">groff_out</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAO"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Devices</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
In
|
|
<I>roff</I>,
|
|
|
|
the output targets are called
|
|
<I>devices</I>.
|
|
|
|
A device can be a piece of hardware, e.g., a printer, or a software
|
|
file format.
|
|
A device is specified by the option
|
|
<B>-T</B>.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
devices are as follows.
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="87"><B>ascii</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Text output using the
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+ascii">ascii</A></B>(7)
|
|
|
|
character set.
|
|
<DT id="88"><B>cp1047</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Text output using the EBCDIC code page IBM cp1047 (e.g., OS/390 Unix).
|
|
<DT id="89"><B>dvi</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
TeX DVI format.
|
|
<DT id="90"><B>html</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
HTML output.
|
|
<DT id="91"><B>latin1</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Text output using the ISO Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) character set; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+iso_8859_1">iso_8859_1</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="92"><B>lbp</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Output for Canon CAPSL printers (LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser
|
|
printers).
|
|
<DT id="93"><B>lj4</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
HP LaserJet4-compatible (or other PCL5-compatible) printers.
|
|
<DT id="94"><B>ps</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
PostScript output; suitable for printers and previewers like
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gv">gv</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="95"><B>pdf</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
PDF files; suitable for viewing with tools such as
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+evince">evince</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+okular">okular</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="96"><B>utf8</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Text output using the Unicode (ISO 10646) character set with UTF-8
|
|
encoding; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+unicode">unicode</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="97"><B>xhtml</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
XHTML output.
|
|
<DT id="98"><B>X75</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
75dpi X Window System output suitable for the previewers
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1x+xditview">xditview</A></B>(1x)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gxditview">gxditview</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
A variant for a 12pt document base font is
|
|
<B>X75-12</B>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="99"><B>X100</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
100dpi X Window System output suitable for the previewers
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1x+xditview">xditview</A></B>(1x)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gxditview">gxditview</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
A variant for a 12pt document base font is
|
|
<B>X100-12</B>.
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The postprocessor to be used for a device is specified by the
|
|
<B>postpro</B>
|
|
|
|
command in the device description file; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_font">groff_font</A></B>(5).
|
|
|
|
This can be overridden with the
|
|
<B>-X</B>
|
|
|
|
option.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The default device is
|
|
<B>ps</B>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAP"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Postprocessors</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
provides 3~hardware postprocessors:
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="100"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grolbp">grolbp</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for some Canon printers,
|
|
<DT id="101"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grolj4">grolj4</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for printers compatible to the HP LaserJet~4 and PCL5,
|
|
<DT id="102"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grotty">grotty</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for text output using various encodings, e.g., on text-oriented
|
|
terminals or line printers.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Today, most printing or drawing hardware is handled by the operating
|
|
system, by device drivers, or by software interfaces, usually
|
|
accepting PostScript.
|
|
Consequently, there isn't an urgent need for more hardware device
|
|
postprocessors.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
software devices for conversion into other document file formats are
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="103"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grodvi">grodvi</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for the DVI format,
|
|
<DT id="104"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grohtml">grohtml</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for HTML and XHTML formats,
|
|
<DT id="105"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grops">grops</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for PostScript.
|
|
<DT id="106"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gropdf">gropdf</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
for PDF.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Combined with the many existing free conversion tools this should
|
|
be sufficient to convert a
|
|
<I>troff</I>
|
|
|
|
document into virtually any existing data format.
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAQ"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Utilities</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following utility programs around
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
are available.
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="107"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+addftinfo">addftinfo</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Add information to
|
|
<I>troff</I>
|
|
|
|
font description files for use with
|
|
<I>groff</I>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="108"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+afmtodit">afmtodit</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Create font description files for PostScript device.
|
|
<DT id="109"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+eqn2graph">eqn2graph</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Convert an
|
|
<B>eqn</B>
|
|
|
|
image into a cropped image.
|
|
<DT id="110"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gdiffmk">gdiffmk</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Mark differences between
|
|
<I>groff</I>,
|
|
|
|
<I>nroff</I>,
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
<I>troff</I>
|
|
|
|
files.
|
|
<DT id="111"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grap2graph">grap2graph</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Convert a
|
|
<B>grap</B>
|
|
|
|
diagram into a cropped bitmap image.
|
|
<DT id="112"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+groffer">groffer</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
General viewer program for
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
files and man pages.
|
|
<DT id="113"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gxditview">gxditview</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
The
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
X viewer, the GNU version of
|
|
<B>xditview</B>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="114"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+hpftodit">hpftodit</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Create font description files for lj4 device.
|
|
<DT id="115"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+indxbib">indxbib</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Make inverted index for bibliographic databases.
|
|
<DT id="116"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+lkbib">lkbib</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Search bibliographic databases.
|
|
<DT id="117"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+lookbib">lookbib</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Interactively search bibliographic databases.
|
|
<DT id="118"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pdfroff">pdfroff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Create PDF documents using
|
|
<B>groff</B>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="119"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pfbtops">pfbtops</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Translate a PostScript font in .pfb format to ASCII.
|
|
<DT id="120"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pic2graph">pic2graph</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Convert a
|
|
<B>pic</B>
|
|
|
|
diagram into a cropped image.
|
|
<DT id="121"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+tfmtodit">tfmtodit</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Create font description files for TeX DVI device.
|
|
<DT id="122"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1x+xditview">xditview</A></B>(1x)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
<I>roff</I>
|
|
|
|
viewer historically distributed with the X Window System.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="123"><B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+xtotroff">xtotroff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Convert X font metrics into GNU
|
|
<I>troff</I>
|
|
|
|
font metrics.
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAR"> </A>
|
|
<H2>ENVIRONMENT</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normally, the path separator in the following environment variables is
|
|
the colon; this may vary depending on the operating system.
|
|
For example, DOS and Windows use a semicolon instead.
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="124"><I>GROFF_BIN_PATH</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
This search path, followed by
|
|
<I>PATH</I>,
|
|
|
|
is used for commands that are executed by
|
|
<B>groff</B>.
|
|
|
|
If it is not set then the directory where the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
binaries were installed is prepended to
|
|
<I>PATH</I>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="125"><I>GROFF_COMMAND_PREFIX</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
When there is a need to run different
|
|
<I>roff</I>
|
|
|
|
implementations at the same time
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
provides the facility to prepend a prefix to most of its programs that
|
|
could provoke name clashings at run time (default is to have none).
|
|
Historically, this prefix was the character
|
|
<B>g</B>,
|
|
|
|
but it can be anything.
|
|
For example,
|
|
<B>gtroff</B>
|
|
|
|
stood for
|
|
<I>groff</I>'s
|
|
|
|
<B>troff</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>gtbl</B>
|
|
|
|
for the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
version of
|
|
<B>tbl</B>.
|
|
|
|
By setting
|
|
<I>GROFF_COMMAND_PREFIX</I>
|
|
|
|
to different values, the different
|
|
<I>roff</I>
|
|
|
|
installations can be addressed.
|
|
More exactly, if it is set to prefix
|
|
<I>xxx</I>
|
|
|
|
then
|
|
<B>groff</B>
|
|
|
|
as a wrapper program internally calls
|
|
<I>xxx</I><B>troff</B>
|
|
|
|
instead of
|
|
<B>troff</B>.
|
|
|
|
This also applies to the preprocessors
|
|
<B>eqn</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>grn</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>pic</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>refer</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>tbl</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>soelim</B>,
|
|
|
|
and to the utilities
|
|
<B>indxbib</B>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>lookbib</B>.
|
|
|
|
This feature does not apply to any programs different from the ones
|
|
above (most notably
|
|
<B>groff</B>
|
|
|
|
itself) since they are unique to the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
package.
|
|
<DT id="126"><I>GROFF_ENCODING</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
The value of this environment value is passed to the
|
|
<B>preconv</B>
|
|
|
|
preprocessor to select the encoding of input files.
|
|
Setting this option implies
|
|
<B>groff</B>'s
|
|
|
|
command-line option
|
|
<B>-k</B>
|
|
|
|
(this is,
|
|
<B>groff</B>
|
|
|
|
actually always calls
|
|
<B>preconv</B>).
|
|
|
|
If set without a value,
|
|
<B>groff</B>
|
|
|
|
calls
|
|
<B>preconv</B>
|
|
|
|
without arguments.
|
|
An explicit
|
|
<B>-K</B>
|
|
|
|
command-line option overrides the value of
|
|
<I>GROFF_ENCODING</I>.
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+preconv">preconv</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
for details.
|
|
<DT id="127"><I>GROFF_FONT_PATH</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
A list of directories in which to search for the
|
|
<I>dev</I>name
|
|
|
|
directory in addition to the default ones.
|
|
See
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_font">groff_font</A></B>(5)
|
|
|
|
for more details.
|
|
<DT id="128"><I>GROFF_TMAC_PATH</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
A list of directories in which to search for macro files in addition
|
|
to the default directories.
|
|
See
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_tmac">groff_tmac</A></B>(5)
|
|
|
|
for more details.
|
|
<DT id="129"><I>GROFF_TMPDIR</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
The directory in which temporary files are created.
|
|
If this is not set but the environment variable
|
|
<I>TMPDIR</I>
|
|
|
|
instead, temporary files are created in the directory
|
|
<I>TMPDIR</I>.
|
|
|
|
On MS-DOS and Windows platforms, the environment variables
|
|
<I>TMP</I>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>TEMP</I>
|
|
|
|
(in that order) are searched also, after
|
|
<I>GROFF_TMPDIR</I>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>TMPDIR</I>.
|
|
|
|
Otherwise, temporary files are created in
|
|
<I>/tmp</I>.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+refer">refer</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+groffer">groffer</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grohtml">grohtml</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grops">grops</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
commands use temporary files.
|
|
<DT id="130"><I>GROFF_TYPESETTER</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Preset the default device.
|
|
If this is not set the
|
|
<B>ps</B>
|
|
|
|
device is used as default.
|
|
This device name is overwritten by the option
|
|
<B>-T</B>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAS"> </A>
|
|
<H2>EXAMPLES</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following example illustrates the power of the
|
|
<B>groff</B>
|
|
|
|
program as a wrapper around
|
|
<B>troff</B>.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
To process a
|
|
<I>roff</I>
|
|
|
|
file using the preprocessors
|
|
<B>tbl</B>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>pic</B>
|
|
|
|
and the
|
|
<B>me</B>
|
|
|
|
macro set, classical
|
|
<I>troff</I>
|
|
|
|
had to be called by
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="131"><DD>
|
|
|
|
pic foo.me | tbl | troff -me -Tlatin1 | grotty
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Using
|
|
<B>groff</B>,
|
|
|
|
this pipe can be shortened to the equivalent command
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="132"><DD>
|
|
|
|
groff -p -t -me -T latin1 foo.me
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
An even easier way to call this is to use
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grog">grog</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
to guess the preprocessor and macro options and execute the generated
|
|
command (by using backquotes to specify shell command substitution)
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="133"><DD>
|
|
|
|
`grog -Tlatin1 foo.me`
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The simplest way is to view the contents in an automated way by
|
|
calling
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="134"><DD>
|
|
|
|
groffer foo.me
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAT"> </A>
|
|
<H2>BUGS</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
On EBCDIC hosts (e.g., OS/390 Unix), output
|
|
devices
|
|
<B>ascii</B>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>latin1</B>
|
|
|
|
aren't available.
|
|
Similarly, output for EBCDIC code page
|
|
<B>cp1047</B>
|
|
|
|
is not available on ASCII based operating systems.
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAU"> </A>
|
|
<H2>INSTALLATION DIRECTORIES</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
installs files in varying locations depending on its compile-time
|
|
configuration.
|
|
On this installation, the following locations are used.
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="135"><I>/etc/:X11/:app-defaults</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Application defaults directory for
|
|
<I><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gxditview">gxditview</A></I>(1).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="136"><I>/usr/:bin</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Directory containing
|
|
<I>groff</I>'s
|
|
|
|
executable commands.
|
|
<DT id="137"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:eign</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
List of common words for
|
|
<I><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+indxbib">indxbib</A></I>(1).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="138"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Directory for data files.
|
|
<DT id="139"><I>/usr/:dict/:papers/:Ind</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Default index for
|
|
<I><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+lkbib">lkbib</A></I>(1)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+refer">refer</A></I>(1).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="140"><I>/usr/:share/:doc/:groff-base</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Documentation directory.
|
|
<DT id="141"><I>/usr/:share/:doc/:groff-base/:examples</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Example directory.
|
|
<DT id="142"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:font</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Font directory.
|
|
<DT id="143"><I>/usr/:share/:doc/:groff-base/:html</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
HTML documentation directory.
|
|
<DT id="144"><I>/usr/:lib/:font</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Legacy font directory.
|
|
<DT id="145"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:site-font</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Local font directory.
|
|
<DT id="146"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:site-tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Local macro package
|
|
(<I>tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
file) directory.
|
|
<DT id="147"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Macro package
|
|
(<I>tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
file) directory.
|
|
<DT id="148"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:oldfont</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Font directory for compatibility with old versions of
|
|
<I>groff</I>;
|
|
|
|
see
|
|
<I><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grops">grops</A></I>(1).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="149"><I>/usr/:share/:doc/:groff-base/:pdf</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
PDF documentation directory.
|
|
<DT id="150"><I>/usr/:lib/:groff/:site-tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
System macro package
|
|
(<I>tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
file) directory.
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAV"> </A>
|
|
<H3>groff Macro Directory</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
This contains all information related to macro packages.
|
|
Note that more than a single directory is searched for those files
|
|
as documented in
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_tmac">groff_tmac</A></B>(5).
|
|
|
|
For the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
installation corresponding to this document, it is located at
|
|
<I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:tmac</I>.
|
|
|
|
The following files contained in the
|
|
<I>groff macro directory</I>
|
|
|
|
have a special meaning:
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="151"><I>troffrc</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Initialization file for
|
|
<I>troff</I>.
|
|
|
|
This is interpreted by
|
|
<B>troff</B>
|
|
|
|
before reading the macro sets and any input.
|
|
<DT id="152"><I>troffrc-end</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Final startup file for
|
|
<I>troff</I>.
|
|
|
|
It is parsed after all macro sets have been read.
|
|
<DT id="153">name<I>.tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
|
|
<I>tmac.</I>name
|
|
|
|
Macro file for macro package
|
|
<I>name</I>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAW"> </A>
|
|
<H3>groff Font Directory</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
This contains all information related to output devices.
|
|
Note that more than a single directory is searched for those files; see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
For the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
installation corresponding to this document, it is located at
|
|
<I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:font</I>.
|
|
|
|
The following files contained in the
|
|
<I>groff font directory</I>
|
|
|
|
have a special meaning:
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="154"><I>dev</I>name<I>/DESC</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Device description file for device
|
|
<I>name</I>,
|
|
|
|
see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_font">groff_font</A></B>(5).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="155"><I>dev</I>name<I>/</I>F
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Font file for font
|
|
<I>F</I>
|
|
|
|
of device
|
|
<I>name</I>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAX"> </A>
|
|
<H2>AVAILABILITY</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Information on how to get
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
and related information is available at the
|
|
|
|
groff page of the GNU website
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Three
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
mailing lists are available:
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="156"><DD>
|
|
|
|
bug tracker activity (read-only)
|
|
|
|
<DT id="157"><DD>
|
|
|
|
general discussion
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<DT id="158"><DD>
|
|
|
|
commit activity (read-only)
|
|
|
|
which reports changes to
|
|
<I>groff</I>'s
|
|
|
|
source code repository by its developers.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Details on repository access and much more can be found in the file
|
|
<I>README</I>
|
|
|
|
at the top directory of the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
source package.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
A free implementation of the
|
|
<B>grap</B>
|
|
|
|
preprocessor, written by
|
|
|
|
Ted Faber
|
|
|
|
can be found at the
|
|
|
|
grap website
|
|
|
|
This is the only
|
|
<I>grap</I>
|
|
|
|
supported by
|
|
<I>groff</I>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAY"> </A>
|
|
<H2>AUTHORS</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>groff</B>
|
|
|
|
was written by
|
|
|
|
James Clark
|
|
|
|
This document was rewritten, enhanced, and put under the FDL license in
|
|
2002 by
|
|
|
|
Bernd Warken
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAZ"> </A>
|
|
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<I>Groff: The GNU Implementation of troff</I>,
|
|
|
|
by Trent A. Fisher and Werner Lemberg,
|
|
is the primary
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
manual.
|
|
You can browse it interactively with "info groff".
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Due to its complex structure, the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
system has many man pages.
|
|
They can be read with
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+man">man</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+groffer">groffer</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
But there are special sections of
|
|
<I>man pages</I>.
|
|
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
has man pages in sections
|
|
<B>1</B>,<B> 5</B>,<B>and</B> 7<B>.</B>
|
|
|
|
When there are several
|
|
<I>man pages</I>
|
|
|
|
with the same name in the same
|
|
<I>man</I>
|
|
|
|
section, the one with the lowest section is should as first.
|
|
The other man pages can be shown anyway by adding the section number
|
|
as argument before the man page name.
|
|
Reading the man page about the
|
|
<I>groff</I>
|
|
|
|
language is done by one of
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="159"><DD>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
<B>man 7 groff</B>
|
|
<B>groffer 7 groff</B>
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="160">Introduction, history and further readings:<DD>
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+roff">roff</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="161">Viewer for groff files:<DD>
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+groffer">groffer</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gxditview">gxditview</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1x+xditview">xditview</A></B>(1x).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="162">Wrapper programs for formatters:<DD>
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+groff">groff</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grog">grog</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="163">Roff preprocessors:<DD>
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+eqn">eqn</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grn">grn</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pic">pic</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+chem">chem</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+preconv">preconv</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+refer">refer</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+soelim">soelim</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+tbl">tbl</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grap">grap</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="164">Roff language with the groff extensions:<DD>
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff">groff</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_char">groff_char</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_diff">groff_diff</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_font">groff_font</A></B>(5).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="165">Roff formatter programs:<DD>
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+nroff">nroff</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+ditroff">ditroff</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="166">The intermediate output language:<DD>
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_out">groff_out</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="167">Postprocessors for the output devices:<DD>
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grodvi">grodvi</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grohtml">grohtml</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grolbp">grolbp</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grolj4">grolj4</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+lj4_font">lj4_font</A></B>(5),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grops">grops</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gropdf">gropdf</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grotty">grotty</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="168">Groff macro packages and macro-specific utilities:<DD>
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_tmac">groff_tmac</A></B>(5),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_man">groff_man</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_mdoc">groff_mdoc</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_me">groff_me</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_mm">groff_mm</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_mmse">groff_mmse</A></B>(7)
|
|
|
|
(only in Swedish locales),
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_mom">groff_mom</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_ms">groff_ms</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_www">groff_www</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_trace">groff_trace</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+mmroff">mmroff</A></B>(7).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="169">The following utilities are available:<DD>
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+addftinfo">addftinfo</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+afmtodit">afmtodit</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+eqn2graph">eqn2graph</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gdiffmk">gdiffmk</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+grap2graph">grap2graph</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+groffer">groffer</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gxditview">gxditview</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+hpftodit">hpftodit</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+indxbib">indxbib</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+lkbib">lkbib</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+lookbib">lookbib</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pdfroff">pdfroff</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pfbtops">pfbtops</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pic2graph">pic2graph</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+tfmtodit">tfmtodit</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+xtotroff">xtotroff</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<HR>
|
|
<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="170"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="171"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="172"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="173"><A HREF="#lbAE">OPTIONS</A><DD>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="174"><A HREF="#lbAF">Native groff Options</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="175"><A HREF="#lbAG">Transparent Options</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<DT id="176"><A HREF="#lbAH">USING GROFF</A><DD>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="177"><A HREF="#lbAI">Paper Size</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="178"><A HREF="#lbAJ">Front-ends</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="179"><A HREF="#lbAK">Preprocessors</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="180"><A HREF="#lbAL">Macro Packages</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="181"><A HREF="#lbAM">Programming Language</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="182"><A HREF="#lbAN">Formatters</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="183"><A HREF="#lbAO">Devices</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="184"><A HREF="#lbAP">Postprocessors</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="185"><A HREF="#lbAQ">Utilities</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<DT id="186"><A HREF="#lbAR">ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="187"><A HREF="#lbAS">EXAMPLES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="188"><A HREF="#lbAT">BUGS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="189"><A HREF="#lbAU">INSTALLATION DIRECTORIES</A><DD>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="190"><A HREF="#lbAV">groff Macro Directory</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="191"><A HREF="#lbAW">groff Font Directory</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<DT id="192"><A HREF="#lbAX">AVAILABILITY</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="193"><A HREF="#lbAY">AUTHORS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="194"><A HREF="#lbAZ">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
This document was created by
|
|
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
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using the manual pages.<BR>
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Time: 00:05:15 GMT, March 31, 2021
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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