1909 lines
30 KiB
HTML
1909 lines
30 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of GROPS</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>GROPS</H1>
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Section: User Commands (1)<BR>Updated: 21 March 2020<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
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grops - PostScript driver for groff
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
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[ <B>-glmv</B> ]
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[ <B>-b </B><I>n</I> ]
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[ <B>-c </B><I>n</I> ]
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[ <B>-F </B><I>dir</I> ]
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[ <B>-I </B><I>dir</I> ]
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[ <B>-p </B><I>papersize</I> ]
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[ <B>-P </B><I>prologue</I> ]
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[ <B>-w </B><I>n</I> ]
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[<I>file</I>
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...]
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
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<B>grops</B>
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translates the output of GNU
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<B>troff</B>
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to PostScript.
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Normally
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<B>grops</B>
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should be invoked by using the groff command with a
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<B>-Tps</B>
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option.
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(Actually, this is the default for groff.)
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If no files are given,
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<B>grops</B>
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reads the standard input.
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A filename of
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<B>-</B>
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also causes
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<B>grops</B>
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to read the standard input.
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PostScript output is written to the standard output.
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When
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<B>grops</B>
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is run by
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<B>groff</B>
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options can be passed to
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<B>grops</B>
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using
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<B>groff</B>'s
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<B>-P</B>
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option.
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<P>
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Note that
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<B>grops</B>
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doesn't produce a valid document structure (conforming to the
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Document Structuring Convention) if called with multiple file
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arguments.
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To print such concatenated output it is necessary to deactivate DSC
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handling in the printing program or previewer.
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See section "Font Installation" below for a guide how to install
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fonts for
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<B>grops</B>.
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
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Whitespace is permitted between a command-line option and its argument.
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="1"><B>-b</B><I>n</I>
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<DD>
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Provide workarounds for older printers, broken spoolers, and previewers.
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Normally
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<B>grops</B>
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produces output at PostScript LanguageLevel~2 that conforms to the
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Document Structuring Conventions version 3.0.
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Some older printers, spoolers, and previewers can't handle such
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output.
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The value of~<I>n</I>
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controls what
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<B>grops</B>
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does to make its output acceptable to such programs.
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A value of~0 causes grops not to employ any workarounds.
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<DT id="2"><DD>
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Add~1 if no
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<B>%%BeginDocumentSetup</B>
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and
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<B>%%EndDocumentSetup</B>
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comments should be generated;
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this is needed for early versions of TranScript that get confused by
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anything between the
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<B>%%EndProlog</B>
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comment and the first
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<B>%%Page</B>
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comment.
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<DT id="3"><DD>
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Add~2 if lines in included files beginning with
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<B>%!</B>
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should be stripped out; this is needed for Sun's pageview
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previewer.
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<DT id="4"><DD>
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Add~4 if
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<B>%%Page</B>,
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<B>%%Trailer</B>
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and
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<B>%%EndProlog</B>
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comments should be
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stripped out of included files; this is needed for spoolers that
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don't understand the
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<B>%%BeginDocument</B>
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and
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<B>%%EndDocument</B>
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comments.
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<DT id="5"><DD>
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Add~8 if the first line of the PostScript output should be
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<B>%!PS-Adobe-2.0</B>
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rather than
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<B>%!PS-Adobe-3.0</B>;
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this is needed when using Sun's Newsprint with a printer that
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requires page reversal.
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<DT id="6"><DD>
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Add~16 if no media size information should be included in the
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document (this is, neither use
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<B>%%DocumentMedia</B>
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nor the
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<B>setpagedevice</B>
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PostScript command).
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This was the behaviour of groff version 1.18.1 and earlier; it is
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needed for older printers which don't understand PostScript
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LanguageLevel~2.
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It is also necessary if the output is further processed to get an
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encapsulated PS (EPS) file - see below.
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<DT id="7"><DD>
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The default value can be specified by a
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="8"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="9"><DD>
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<B>broken </B><I>n</I>
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</DL>
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<P>
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command in the
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<I>DESC</I>
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file.
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Otherwise the default value is~0.
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</DL>
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<DT id="10"><B>-c</B><I>n</I>
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<DD>
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Print
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<I>n</I>
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copies of each page.
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<DT id="11"><B>-F</B><I>dir</I>
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<DD>
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Prepend directory
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dir<I>/dev</I>name
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to the search path for prologue, font, and device description files;
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<I>name</I>
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is the name of the device, usually
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<B>ps</B>.
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<DT id="12"><B>-g</B>
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<DD>
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Guess the page length.
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This generates PostScript code that guesses the page length.
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The guess is correct only if the imageable area is vertically
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centered on the page.
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This option allows you to generate documents that can be printed
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both on letter (8.5×11) paper and on A4 paper without change.
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<DT id="13"><B>-I</B><I>dir</I>
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<DD>
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This option may be used to add a directory to the search path for
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files on the command line and files named in
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<B>\X'ps: import'</B>
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and
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<B>\X'ps: file'</B>
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escapes.
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The search path is initialized with the current directory.
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This option may be specified more than once; the directories are then
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searched in the order specified (but before the current directory).
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If you want to make the current directory be read before other directories,
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add
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<B>-I.</B>
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at the appropriate place.
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<DT id="14"><DD>
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No directory search is performed for files with an absolute file name.
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<DT id="15"><B>-l</B>
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<DD>
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Print the document in landscape format.
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<DT id="16"><B>-m</B>
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<DD>
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Turn manual feed on for the document.
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<DT id="17"><B>-p</B><I>paper-size</I>
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<DD>
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Set physical dimension of output medium.
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This overrides the
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<B>papersize</B>,
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<B>paperlength</B>,
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and
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<B>paperwidth</B>
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commands in the
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<I>DESC</I>
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file; it accepts the same arguments as the
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<B>papersize</B>
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command.
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See
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<B>groff_font (5)</B>
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for details.
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<DT id="18"><B>-P</B><I>prologue-file</I>
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<DD>
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Use the file
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<I>prologue-file</I>
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(in the font path) as the prologue instead of the default prologue file
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<B>prologue</B>.
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This option overrides the environment variable
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<I>GROPS_PROLOGUE.</I>
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<DT id="19"><B>-w</B><I>n</I>
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<DD>
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Lines should be drawn using a thickness of
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<I>n</I>~thousandths of an em.
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If this option is not given, the line thickness defaults to 0.04~em.
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<DT id="20"><B>-v</B>
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<DD>
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Print the version number.
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>USAGE</H2>
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The input to
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<B>grops</B>
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must be in the format output by
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1).
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This is described in
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_out">groff_out</A></B>(5).
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<P>
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In addition, the device and font description files for the device used
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must meet certain requirements:
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The resolution must be an integer multiple of~72 times the
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<B>sizescale</B>.
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The
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<B>ps</B>
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device uses a resolution of 72000 and a sizescale of 1000.
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<P>
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The device description file must contain a valid paper size; see
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_font">groff_font</A></B>(5)
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for more information.
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<P>
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Each font description file must contain a command
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="21"><DD>
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<B>internalname </B><I>psname</I>
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</DL>
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<P>
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which says that the PostScript name of the font is
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<I>psname</I>.
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It may also contain a command
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="22"><DD>
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<B>encoding </B><I>enc_file</I>
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</DL>
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<P>
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which says that
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the PostScript font should be reencoded using the encoding described in
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<I>enc_file</I>;
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this file should consist of a sequence of lines of the form:
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="23"><DD>
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<I>pschar code</I>
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</DL>
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<P>
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where
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<I>pschar</I>
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is the PostScript name of the character,
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and
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<I>code</I>
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is its position in the encoding expressed as a decimal integer; valid
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values are in the range 0 to~255.
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Lines starting with
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<B>#</B>
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and blank lines are ignored.
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The code for each character given in the font file must correspond
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to the code for the character in encoding file, or to the code in the default
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encoding for the font if the PostScript font is not to be reencoded.
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This code can be used with the
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<B>\N</B>
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escape sequence in
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<B>troff</B>
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to select the character,
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even if the character does not have a groff name.
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Every character in the font file must exist in the PostScript font, and
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the widths given in the font file must match the widths used
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in the PostScript font.
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<B>grops</B>
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assumes that a character with a groff name of
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<B>space</B>
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is blank (makes no marks on the page);
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it can make use of such a character to generate more efficient and
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compact PostScript output.
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<P>
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Note that
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<B>grops</B>
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is able to display all glyphs in a PostScript font, not only 256.
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<I>enc_file</I>
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(or the default encoding if no encoding file specified) just defines the
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order of glyphs for the first 256 characters; all other glyphs are
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accessed with additional encoding vectors which
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<B>grops</B>
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produces on the fly.
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<P>
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<B>grops</B>
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can automatically include the downloadable fonts necessary
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to print the document.
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Such fonts must be in PFA format.
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Use
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pfbtops">pfbtops</A></B>(1)
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to convert a Type~1 font in PFB format.
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Any downloadable fonts which should, when required, be included by
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<B>grops</B>
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must be listed in the file
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<I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:font/devps/download</I>;
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this should consist of lines of the form
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="24"><DD>
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<I>font filename</I>
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</DL>
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<P>
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where
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<I>font</I>
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is the PostScript name of the font,
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and
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<I>filename</I>
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is the name of the file containing the font;
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lines beginning with
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<B>#</B>
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and blank lines are ignored;
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fields may be separated by tabs or spaces;
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<I>filename</I>
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is searched for using the same mechanism that is used
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for groff font metric files.
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The
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<I>download</I>
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file itself is also searched for using this mechanism;
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currently, only the first found file in the font path is used.
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<P>
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If the file containing a downloadable font or imported document
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conforms to the Adobe Document Structuring Conventions,
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then
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<B>grops</B>
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interprets any comments in the files sufficiently to ensure that its
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own output is conforming.
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It also supplies any needed font resources that are listed in the
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<I>download</I>
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file
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as well as any needed file resources.
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It is also able to handle inter-resource dependencies.
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For example, suppose that you have a downloadable font called
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Garamond, and also a downloadable font called Garamond-Outline which
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depends on Garamond (typically it would be defined to copy
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Garamond's font dictionary, and change the PaintType), then it is
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necessary for Garamond to appear before Garamond-Outline in the
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PostScript document.
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<B>grops</B>
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handles this automatically provided that the downloadable font file
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for Garamond-Outline indicates its dependence on Garamond by means of
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the Document Structuring Conventions, for example by beginning with
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the following lines
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="25"><DD>
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<B>%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-Font</B>
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<BR>
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<B>%%DocumentNeededResources: font Garamond</B>
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<BR>
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<B>%%EndComments</B>
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<BR>
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<B>%%IncludeResource: font Garamond</B>
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</DL>
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<P>
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In this case both Garamond and Garamond-Outline would need to be listed
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in the
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<I>download</I>
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file.
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A downloadable font should not include its own name in a
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<B>%%DocumentSuppliedResources</B>
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comment.
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<P>
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<B>grops</B>
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does not interpret
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<B>%%DocumentFonts</B>
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comments.
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The
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<B>%%DocumentNeededResources</B>,
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<B>%%DocumentSuppliedResources</B>,
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<B>%%IncludeResource</B>,
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<B>%%BeginResource</B>,
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and
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<B>%%EndResource</B>
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comments
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(or possibly the old
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<B>%%DocumentNeededFonts</B>,
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<B>%%DocumentSuppliedFonts</B>,
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<B>%%IncludeFont</B>,
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<B>%%BeginFont</B>,
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and
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<B>%%EndFont</B>
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comments)
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should be used.
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<P>
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In the default setup
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there are styles called
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<B>R</B>,
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<B>I</B>,
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<B>B</B>,
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and
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<B>BI</B>
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mounted at font positions 1 to~4.
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The fonts are grouped into families
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<B>A</B>,
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<B>BM</B>,
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<B>C</B>,
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<B>H</B>,
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<B>HN</B>,
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<B>N</B>,
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<B>P</B>,
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and~<B>T</B>
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having members in each of these styles:
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="26"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="27"><B>AR</B>
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<DD>
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AvantGarde-Book
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<B>AI</B>
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AvantGarde-BookOblique
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>AB</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AvantGarde-Demi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<B>ABI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
AvantGarde-DemiOblique
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>BMR</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bookman-Light
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
<B>BMI</B>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
Bookman-LightItalic
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<B>BMB</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bookman-Demi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
<B>BMBI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bookman-DemiItalic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>CR</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
Courier
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
<B>CI</B>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
Courier-Oblique
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<B>CB</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Courier-Bold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
<B>CBI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Courier-BoldOblique
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>HR</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Helvetica
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>HI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Helvetica-Oblique
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>HB</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Helvetica-Bold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>HBI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Helvetica-BoldOblique
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>HNR</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Helvetica-Narrow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>HNI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>HNB</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Helvetica-Narrow-Bold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>HNBI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>NR</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NewCenturySchlbk-Roman
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>NI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NewCenturySchlbk-Italic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>NB</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NewCenturySchlbk-Bold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>NBI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>PR</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palatino-Roman
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>PI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palatino-Italic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>PB</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palatino-Bold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>PBI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palatino-BoldItalic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>TR</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Times-Roman
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>TI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Times-Italic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>TB</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Times-Bold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>TBI</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Times-BoldItalic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
There is also the following font which is not a member of a family:
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="28"><DD>
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="29"><B>ZCMI</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ZapfChancery-MediumItalic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
There are also some special fonts called
|
|
<B>S</B>
|
|
|
|
for the PS Symbol font, and
|
|
<B>SS</B>,
|
|
|
|
containing slanted lowercase Greek letters taken from PS Symbol.
|
|
Zapf Dingbats is available as
|
|
<B>ZD</B>,
|
|
|
|
and a reversed version of ZapfDingbats (with symbols pointing in the opposite
|
|
direction) is available as
|
|
<B>ZDR</B>;
|
|
|
|
most characters in these fonts are unnamed and must be accessed using
|
|
<B>\N</B>.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The default color for
|
|
<B>\m</B>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>\M</B>
|
|
|
|
is black; for colors defined in the 'rgb' color space
|
|
<B>setrgbcolor</B>
|
|
|
|
is used, for 'cmy' and 'cmyk'
|
|
<B>setcmykcolor</B>,
|
|
|
|
and for 'gray'
|
|
<B>setgray</B>.
|
|
|
|
Note that
|
|
<B>setcmykcolor</B>
|
|
|
|
is a PostScript LanguageLevel~2 command and thus not available on some
|
|
older printers.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
understands various X~commands produced using the
|
|
<B>\X</B>
|
|
|
|
escape sequence;
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
only interprets commands that begin with a
|
|
<B>ps:</B>
|
|
|
|
tag.
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="30"><B>\X'ps: exec </B><I>code</I><B>'</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
This executes the arbitrary PostScript commands in
|
|
<I>code</I>.
|
|
|
|
The PostScript currentpoint is set to the position of the
|
|
<B>\X</B>
|
|
|
|
command before executing
|
|
<I>code</I>.
|
|
|
|
The origin is at the top left corner of the page,
|
|
and y~coordinates increase down the page.
|
|
A procedure~<B>u</B>
|
|
|
|
is defined that converts groff units to the coordinate system in
|
|
effect (provided the user doesn't change the scale).
|
|
For example,
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="31"><DD>
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="32"><DD>
|
|
<B>.nr x 1i</B>
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
<B>\X'ps: exec \nx u 0 rlineto stroke'</B>
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<DT id="33"><DD>
|
|
draws a horizontal line one inch long.
|
|
<I>code</I>
|
|
|
|
may make changes to the graphics state,
|
|
but any changes persist only to the end of the page.
|
|
A dictionary containing the definitions specified by the
|
|
<B>def</B>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>mdef</B>
|
|
|
|
is on top of the dictionary stack.
|
|
If your code adds definitions to this dictionary,
|
|
you should allocate space for them using
|
|
<B>\X'ps mdef</B><I> n</I><B>'</B>.
|
|
|
|
Any definitions persist only until the end of the page.
|
|
If you use the
|
|
<B>\Y</B>
|
|
|
|
escape sequence with an argument that names a macro,
|
|
<I>code</I>
|
|
|
|
can extend over multiple lines.
|
|
For example,
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="34"><DD>
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="35"><DD>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
<B>.nr x 1i
|
|
.de y
|
|
ps: exec
|
|
\nx u 0 rlineto
|
|
stroke
|
|
..
|
|
\Yy
|
|
</B></PRE>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
is another way to draw a horizontal line one inch long.
|
|
Note the single backslash before 'nx' - the only reason to
|
|
use a number register while defining the macro 'y' is to
|
|
convert a user-specified dimension '1i' to internal groff
|
|
units which are in turn converted to PS units with the
|
|
<B>u</B>
|
|
|
|
procedure.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
wraps user-specified PostScript code into a dictionary, nothing more.
|
|
In particular, it doesn't start and end the inserted code with
|
|
<B>save</B>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>restore</B>,
|
|
|
|
respectively.
|
|
This must be supplied by the user, if necessary.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<DT id="36"><B>\X'ps: file </B><I>name</I><B>'</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
This is the same as the
|
|
<B>exec</B>
|
|
|
|
command except that the PostScript code is read from file
|
|
<I>name</I>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="37"><B>\X'ps: def </B><I>code</I><B>'</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Place a PostScript definition contained in
|
|
<I>code</I>
|
|
|
|
in the prologue.
|
|
There should be at most one definition per
|
|
<B>\X</B>
|
|
|
|
command.
|
|
Long definitions can be split over several
|
|
<B>\X</B>
|
|
|
|
commands;
|
|
all the
|
|
<I>code</I>
|
|
|
|
arguments are simply joined together separated by newlines.
|
|
The definitions are placed in a dictionary which is automatically
|
|
pushed on the dictionary stack when an
|
|
<B>exec</B>
|
|
|
|
command is executed.
|
|
If you use the
|
|
<B>\Y</B>
|
|
|
|
escape sequence with an argument that names a macro,
|
|
<I>code</I>
|
|
|
|
can extend over multiple lines.
|
|
<DT id="38"><B>\X'ps: mdef </B><I>n code</I><B>'</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Like
|
|
<B>def</B>,
|
|
|
|
except that
|
|
<I>code</I>
|
|
|
|
may contain up to
|
|
<I>n</I>~definitions.
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
needs to know how many definitions
|
|
<I>code</I>
|
|
|
|
contains
|
|
so that it can create an appropriately sized PostScript dictionary
|
|
to contain them.
|
|
<DT id="39"><B>\X'ps: import </B><I>file llx lly urx ury width </I>[ height ]<B>'</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Import a PostScript graphic from
|
|
<I>file</I>.
|
|
|
|
The arguments
|
|
<I>llx</I>,
|
|
|
|
<I>lly</I>,
|
|
|
|
<I>urx</I>,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>ury</I>
|
|
|
|
give the bounding box of the graphic in the default PostScript
|
|
coordinate system; they should all be integers;
|
|
<I>llx</I>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>lly</I>
|
|
|
|
are the x and y~coordinates of the lower left
|
|
corner of the graphic;
|
|
<I>urx</I>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>ury</I>
|
|
|
|
are the x and y~coordinates of the upper right corner of the graphic;
|
|
<I>width</I>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>height</I>
|
|
|
|
are integers that give the desired width and height in groff
|
|
units of the graphic.
|
|
<DT id="40"><DD>
|
|
The graphic is scaled so that it has this width and height
|
|
and translated so that the lower left corner of the graphic is
|
|
located at the position associated with
|
|
<B>\X</B>
|
|
|
|
command.
|
|
If the height argument is omitted it is scaled uniformly in the
|
|
x and y~directions so that it has the specified width.
|
|
<DT id="41"><DD>
|
|
Note that the contents of the
|
|
<B>\X</B>
|
|
|
|
command are not interpreted by
|
|
<B>troff</B>;
|
|
|
|
so vertical space for the graphic is not automatically added,
|
|
and the
|
|
<I>width</I>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>height</I>
|
|
|
|
arguments are not allowed to have attached scaling indicators.
|
|
<DT id="42"><DD>
|
|
If the PostScript file complies with the Adobe Document Structuring
|
|
Conventions and contains a
|
|
<B>%%BoundingBox</B>
|
|
|
|
comment, then the bounding box can be automatically
|
|
extracted from within groff by using the
|
|
<B>psbb</B>
|
|
|
|
request.
|
|
<DT id="43"><DD>
|
|
See
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_tmac">groff_tmac</A></B>(5)
|
|
|
|
for a description of the
|
|
<B>PSPIC</B>
|
|
|
|
macro which provides a convenient high-level interface for inclusion of
|
|
PostScript graphics.
|
|
<DT id="44"><B>\X'ps: invis'</B>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
|
|
<B>\X'ps: endinvis'</B>
|
|
|
|
No output is generated for text and drawing commands
|
|
that are bracketed with these
|
|
<B>\X</B>
|
|
|
|
commands.
|
|
These commands are intended for use when output from
|
|
<B>troff</B>
|
|
|
|
is previewed before being processed with
|
|
<B>grops</B>;
|
|
|
|
if the previewer is unable to display certain characters
|
|
or other constructs, then other substitute characters or constructs
|
|
can be used for previewing by bracketing them with these
|
|
<B>\X</B>
|
|
|
|
commands.
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="45"><DD>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
For example,
|
|
<B>gxditview</B>
|
|
|
|
is not able to display a proper
|
|
<B>\(em</B>
|
|
|
|
character because the standard X11 fonts do not provide it;
|
|
this problem can be overcome by executing the following
|
|
request
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="46"><DD>
|
|
<B>
|
|
</B><PRE>
|
|
.char \(em \X'ps: invis'\
|
|
\Z'\v'-.25m'\h'.05m'\D'l .9m 0'\h'.05m''\
|
|
\X'ps: endinvis'\(em
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
In this case,
|
|
<B>gxditview</B>
|
|
|
|
is unable to display the
|
|
<B>\(em</B>
|
|
|
|
character and draws the line,
|
|
whereas
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
prints the
|
|
<B>\(em</B>
|
|
|
|
character
|
|
and ignores the line (this code is already in file
|
|
<B>Xps.tmac</B>
|
|
|
|
which is loaded if a document intended for
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
is previewed with
|
|
<B>gxditview</B>).
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
If a PostScript procedure
|
|
<B>BPhook</B>
|
|
|
|
has been defined via a
|
|
'<B>ps: def</B>'
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
'<B>ps: mdef</B>'
|
|
|
|
device command, it is executed at the beginning of every page (before
|
|
anything is drawn or written by groff).
|
|
For example, to underlay the page contents with the word
|
|
'DRAFT' in light gray, you might use
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="47"><DD>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
<B>.de XX
|
|
ps: def
|
|
/BPhook
|
|
{ gsave .9 setgray clippath pathbbox exch 2 copy
|
|
.5 mul exch .5 mul translate atan rotate pop pop
|
|
/NewCenturySchlbk-Roman findfont 200 scalefont setfont
|
|
(DRAFT) dup stringwidth pop -.5 mul -70 moveto show
|
|
grestore }
|
|
def
|
|
..
|
|
.devicem XX
|
|
</B></PRE>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Or, to cause lines and polygons to be drawn with square linecaps
|
|
and mitered linejoins instead of the round linecaps and linejoins
|
|
normally used by
|
|
<B>grops</B>,
|
|
|
|
use
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="48"><DD>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
<B>.de XX
|
|
ps: def
|
|
/BPhook { 2 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin } def
|
|
..
|
|
.devicem XX
|
|
</B></PRE>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
(square linecaps, as opposed to butt linecaps (0 setlinecap),
|
|
give true corners in boxed tables even though the lines are
|
|
drawn unconnected).
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
|
|
<H3>Encapsulated PostScript</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
itself doesn't emit bounding box information.
|
|
With the help of Ghostscript the following simple script,
|
|
<B>groff2eps</B>,
|
|
|
|
produces an encapsulated PS file.
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="49"><DD>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
<B>#! /bin/sh
|
|
groff -P-b16 $1 > $1.ps
|
|
gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=bbox -- $1.ps 2> $1.bbox
|
|
sed -e "/ha%%Orientation/r $1.bbox" \
|
|
-e "/ha%!PS-Adobe-3.0/s/$/ EPSF-3.0/" $1.ps > $1.eps
|
|
rm $1.ps $1.bbox
|
|
</B></PRE>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Just say
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="50"><DD>
|
|
<B>groff2eps foo</B>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
to convert file
|
|
<B>foo</B>
|
|
|
|
to
|
|
<B>foo.eps</B>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
|
|
<H3>TrueType and other font formats</H3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
TrueType fonts can be used with
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
if converted first to
|
|
<B>Type~42</B>
|
|
|
|
format, a special PostScript wrapper equivalent to the PFA format
|
|
mentioned in
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pfbtops">pfbtops</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
There are several different methods to generate a type42 wrapper and
|
|
most of them involve the use of a PostScript interpreter such as
|
|
Ghostscript - see
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+gs">gs</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Yet, the easiest method involves the use of the application
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+ttftot42">ttftot42</A></B>(1).
|
|
|
|
This program uses
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+freetype">freetype</A></B>(3)
|
|
|
|
(version 1.3.1) to generate type42
|
|
font wrappers and well-formed AFM files that can be fed to
|
|
the
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+afmtodit">afmtodit</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
script to create appropriate metric files.
|
|
The resulting font wrappers should be added to the
|
|
<I>download</I>
|
|
|
|
file.
|
|
<B>ttftot42</B>
|
|
|
|
source code can be downloaded from
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="ftp://:www.giga.or.at/:pub/:nih/:ttftot42/">ftp://:www.giga.or.at/:pub/:nih/:ttftot42/</A>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Another solution for creating type42 wrappers is to use FontForge,
|
|
available from
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="http://:fontforge.sf.net">http://:fontforge.sf.net</A>
|
|
|
|
This font editor can convert most outline font formats.
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
|
|
<H2>FONT INSTALLATION</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
This section gives a summary of the above explanations; it can serve
|
|
as a step-by-step font installation guide for
|
|
<B>grops</B>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="51"><DD>
|
|
•
|
|
|
|
Convert your font to something groff understands.
|
|
This is either a PostScript Type~1 font in PFA format or a PostScript
|
|
Type~42 font, together with an AFM file.
|
|
<DT id="52"><DD>
|
|
The very first characters in a PFA file look like this:
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="53"><DD>
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="54"><DD>
|
|
<B>%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0:</B>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<DT id="55"><DD>
|
|
A PFB file has this also in the first line, but the string is
|
|
preceded with some binary bytes.
|
|
<DT id="56"><DD>
|
|
The very first characters in a Type~42 font file look like this:
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="57"><DD>
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="58"><DD>
|
|
<B>%!PS-TrueTypeFont</B>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<DT id="59"><DD>
|
|
This is a wrapper format for TrueType fonts.
|
|
Old PS printers might not support it (this is, they don't have a
|
|
built-in TrueType font interpreter).
|
|
<DT id="60"><DD>
|
|
If your font is in PFB format (such fonts normally have
|
|
<I>.pfb</I>
|
|
|
|
as the file extension), you might use groff's
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pfbtops">pfbtops</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
program to convert it to PFA.
|
|
For TrueType fonts, try
|
|
<B>ttftot42</B>
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
<B>fontforge</B>.
|
|
|
|
For all other font formats use
|
|
<B>fontforge</B>
|
|
|
|
which can convert most outline font formats.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="61"><DD>
|
|
•
|
|
|
|
Convert the AFM file to a groff font description file with the
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+afmtodit">afmtodit</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
program.
|
|
An example call is
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="62"><DD>
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="63"><DD>
|
|
afmtodit Foo-Bar-Bold.afm textmap FBB
|
|
</DL>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<DT id="64"><DD>
|
|
which converts the metric file
|
|
<I>Foo-Bar-Bold.afm</I>
|
|
|
|
to the groff
|
|
font
|
|
<I>FBB</I>.
|
|
|
|
If you have a font family which comes with normal, bold, italic,
|
|
and bold italic faces, it is recommended to use the letters
|
|
<B>R</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>B</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>I</B>,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>BI</B>,
|
|
|
|
respectively, as postfixes in the groff font names to make groff's
|
|
'.fam' request work.
|
|
An example is groff's built-in Times-Roman font: The font family
|
|
name is
|
|
<B>T</B>,
|
|
|
|
and the groff font names are
|
|
<B>TR</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>TB</B>,
|
|
|
|
<B>TI</B>,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>TBI</B>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DT id="65"><DD>
|
|
•
|
|
|
|
Install both the groff font description files and the fonts in a
|
|
<I>devps</I>
|
|
|
|
subdirectory of the font path which groff finds.
|
|
See section "Environment" in
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
for the actual value of the font path.
|
|
Note that groff doesn't use the AFM files (but it is a good idea
|
|
to store them anyway).
|
|
|
|
<DT id="66"><DD>
|
|
•
|
|
|
|
Register all fonts which must be downloaded to the printer in the
|
|
<I>devps/download</I>
|
|
|
|
file.
|
|
Only the first occurrence of this file in the font path is read.
|
|
This means that you should copy the default
|
|
<I>download</I>
|
|
|
|
file to the first directory in your font path and add your fonts there.
|
|
To continue the above example we assume that the PS font name for
|
|
<I>Foo-Bar-Bold.pfa</I>
|
|
|
|
is 'XY-Foo-Bar-Bold' (the PS font name is stored in the
|
|
<B>internalname</B>
|
|
|
|
field in the
|
|
<I>FBB</I>
|
|
|
|
file),
|
|
thus the following line should be added to
|
|
<I>download</I>.
|
|
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="67"><DD>
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="68"><DD>
|
|
<B>XY-Foo-Bar-Bold Foo-Bar-Bold.pfa</B>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A>
|
|
<H2>OLD FONTS</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
groff versions 1.19.2 and earlier contain a slightly different set of
|
|
the 35 Adobe core fonts; the difference is mainly the lack of the
|
|
'Euro' glyph and a reduced set of kerning pairs.
|
|
For backwards compatibility, these old fonts are installed also in the
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="69"><DD>
|
|
<I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:oldfont/devps</I>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
directory.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
To use them, make sure that
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
finds the fonts before the default system fonts (with the same names):
|
|
Either add command-line option
|
|
<B>-F</B>
|
|
|
|
to
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="70"><DD>
|
|
<B>groff -Tps -P-F -P/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:oldfont ...</B>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
or add the directory to groff's font path environment variable
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="71"><DD>
|
|
<B>GROFF_FONT_PATH=/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:oldfont</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAK"> </A>
|
|
<H2>ENVIRONMENT</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="72"><I>GROPS_PROLOGUE</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
If this is set to
|
|
<I>foo</I>,
|
|
|
|
then
|
|
<B>grops</B>
|
|
|
|
uses the file
|
|
<I>foo</I>
|
|
|
|
(in the font path) instead of the default prologue file
|
|
<B>prologue</B>.
|
|
|
|
The option
|
|
<B>-P</B>
|
|
|
|
overrides this environment variable.
|
|
<DT id="73"><I>GROFF_FONT_PATH</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
A list of directories in which to search for the
|
|
<I>dev</I>name
|
|
|
|
directory in addition to the default ones.
|
|
See
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_font">groff_font</A></B>(5)
|
|
|
|
for more details.
|
|
<DT id="74"><I>SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
A timestamp (expressed as seconds since the Unix epoch) to use as the
|
|
creation timestamp in place of the current time.
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAL"> </A>
|
|
<H2>FILES</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="75"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:font/devps/DESC</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Device description file.
|
|
<DT id="76"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:font/devps/</I>F
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Font description file for font
|
|
<I>F</I>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="77"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:font/devps/download</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
List of downloadable fonts.
|
|
<DT id="78"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:font/devps/text.enc</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Encoding used for text fonts.
|
|
<DT id="79"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:tmac/ps.tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Macros for use with
|
|
<B>grops</B>;
|
|
|
|
automatically loaded by
|
|
<B>troffrc</B>
|
|
|
|
<DT id="80"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:tmac/pspic.tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Definition of
|
|
<B>PSPIC</B>
|
|
|
|
macro,
|
|
automatically loaded by
|
|
<I>ps.tmac</I>.
|
|
|
|
<DT id="81"><I>/usr/:share/:groff/:1.22.4/:tmac/psold.tmac</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Macros to disable use of characters not present in older
|
|
PostScript printers (e.g., 'eth' or 'thorn').
|
|
<DT id="82"><I>/tmp/grops</I>XXXXXX
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
Temporary file.
|
|
See
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+groff">groff</A></B>(1)
|
|
|
|
for details on the location of temporary files.
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAM"> </A>
|
|
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+afmtodit">afmtodit</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+groff">groff</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+troff">troff</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pfbtops">pfbtops</A></B>(1),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_out">groff_out</A></B>(5),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_font">groff_font</A></B>(5),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+groff_char">groff_char</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+groff_tmac">groff_tmac</A></B>(5)
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
PostScript Language Document Structuring Conventions Specification
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<HR>
|
|
<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="83"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="84"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="85"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="86"><A HREF="#lbAE">OPTIONS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="87"><A HREF="#lbAF">USAGE</A><DD>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="88"><A HREF="#lbAG">Encapsulated PostScript</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="89"><A HREF="#lbAH">TrueType and other font formats</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<DT id="90"><A HREF="#lbAI">FONT INSTALLATION</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="91"><A HREF="#lbAJ">OLD FONTS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="92"><A HREF="#lbAK">ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="93"><A HREF="#lbAL">FILES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="94"><A HREF="#lbAM">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
This document was created by
|
|
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
|
|
using the manual pages.<BR>
|
|
Time: 00:05:15 GMT, March 31, 2021
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
</HTML>
|