369 lines
9.3 KiB
HTML
369 lines
9.3 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of pnmtotiff</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>pnmtotiff</H1>
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Section: User Commands (1)<BR>Updated: 24 January 2001<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="ixAAB"></A>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
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pnmtotiff - convert a portable anymap into a TIFF file
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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[<B>-none</B>|<B>-packbits</B>|<B>-lzw</B>|<B>-g3</B>|<B>-g4</B>]
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[<B>-2d</B>]
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[<B>-fill</B>]
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[<B>-predictor</B>
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<I>n</I>]
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[<B>-msb2lsb</B>|<B>-lsb2msb</B>]
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[<B>-rowsperstrip</B>
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<I>n</I>]
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[<B>-minisblack</B>|<B>-miniswhite</B>]
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[<B>-truecolor</B>]
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[<B>-color</B>]
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[<B>-indexbits</B>
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<I>1|2|4|8</I>]
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[<I>pnmfile</I>]
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<P>
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<P>
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Minimum unambiguous abbreviations of options are acceptable.
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
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Reads a PNM image as input.
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Produces a TIFF file as output.
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<A NAME="ixAAC"></A>
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<P>
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The output goes to Standard Output, which must be a seekable file.
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That means no pipes, but any regular file should work.
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<P>
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
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<P>
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By default,
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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creates a TIFF file with no compression. This is your best bet most
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of the time. If you want to try another compression scheme or tweak
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some of the other even more obscure output options, there are a number
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of flags to play with.
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<P>
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Actually, the best default would be to use LZW compression, which is
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what
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<B>pnmtotiff </B>
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used to do by default. However, the Tiff library no longer does LZW
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compression due to concerns with violating Unisys's patent on LZW
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compression.
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<P>
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The
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<B>-none</B>,
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<B>-packbits</B>,
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<B>-lzw</B>,
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<B>-g3</B>,
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<B>-g4</B>,
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<B>-flate</B>,
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and
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<B>-adobeflat</B>
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options are used to override the default and set the compression
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scheme used in creating the output file. The CCITT Group 3 and Group
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4 compression algorithms can only be used with bilevel data.
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<B>-lzw</B>
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doesn't really work because the Tiff library doesn't do LZW
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compression. It used to, but its developers removed the function out
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of concern about violating Unisys's patent. This option remains in
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case you use a Tiff library that cooperates, now or in the future.
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The
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<B>-2d</B>
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and
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<B>-fill</B>
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options are meaningful only with Group 3 compression:
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<B>-2d</B>
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requests 2-dimensional encoding, while
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<B>-fill</B>
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requests that each encoded scanline be zero-filled to a byte boundry.
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The
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<B>-predictor</B>
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option is only meaningful with LZW compression: a predictor value of 2
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causes each scanline of the output image to undergo horizontal
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differencing before it is encoded; a value of 1 forces each scanline
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to be encoded without differencing.
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<P>
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By default,
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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creates a TIFF file with msb-to-lsb fill order.
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The
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<B>-msb2lsb</B>
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and
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<B>-lsb2msb</B>
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options are used to override the default and set the fill order used
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in creating the file.
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<P>
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The fill order is the order in which pixels are packed into a byte in
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the Tiff raster, in the case that there are multiple pixels per byte.
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msb-to-lsb means that the leftmost columns go into the most
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significant bits of the byte in the Tiff image. However, there is
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considerable confusion about the meaning of fill order. Some believe
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it means whether 16 bit sample values in the Tiff image are
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little-endian or big-endian. This is totally erroneous (The
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endianness of integers in a Tiff image is designated by the image's
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magic number). However, ImageMagick and older Netpbm both have been known
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to implement that interpretation. 2001.09.06.
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<P>
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If the image does not have sub-byte pixels, these options have no effect
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other than to set the value of the FILLORDER tag in the Tiff image
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(which may be useful for those programs that misinterpret the tag with
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reference to 16 bit samples).
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<P>
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<P>
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The
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<B>-rowsperstrip</B>
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option can be used to set the number of rows (scanlines) in each
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strip of data in the output file. By default, the output file has
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the number of rows per strip set to a value that will ensure each
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strip is no more than 8 kilobytes long.
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<P>
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The
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<B>-minisblack</B>
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and
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<B>-miniswhite</B>
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option force the output image to have a "minimum is black"
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or "minimum is white" photometric, respectively. If you don't specify either,
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<B>pnmtotiff uses minimum is black except</B>
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when using Group 3 or Group 4 compression, in which case
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<B>pnmtotiff </B>
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follows CCITT fax standards and uses "minimum is white." This usually
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results in better compression and is generally preferred for bilevel
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coding.
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<P>
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Before February 2001,
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<B>pnmtotiff </B>
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always produced "minimum is black," due to a bug. In either case,
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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sets the photometric interpretation tag in the TIFF output according
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to which photometric is actually used.
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<P>
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<B>-truecolor</B>
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tells
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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to produce the 24-bit RGB form of TIFF output if it is producing a
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color TIFF image. Without this option,
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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produces a colormapped (paletted) 8-bit TIFF image unless there are more
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than 256 colors (and in the latter case, issues a warning).
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<P>
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The
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<B>-truecolor</B>
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option can prevent
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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from making two passes through the input file, thus improving speed and
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memory usage. See the section MULTIPLE PASSES.
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<P>
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If
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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produces a grayscale TIFF image, this option has no effect.
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<P>
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<B>-color</B>
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tells
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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to produce a color, as opposed to grayscale, TIFF image if the input is
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PPM, even if it contains only shades of gray. Without this option,
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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produces a grayscale TIFF image if the input is PPM and contains only
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shades of gray, and at most 256 shades. Otherwise, it produces a color
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TIFF output. For PBM and PGM input,
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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always produces grayscale TIFF output and this option has no effect.
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<P>
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The
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<B>-color</B>
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option can prevent
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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from making two passes through the input file, thus improving speed and
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memory usage. See the section MULTIPLE PASSES.
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<P>
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The
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<B>-indexbits</B>
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option is meaningful only for a colormapped (paletted) image. In this kind
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of image, the raster contains values which are indexes into a table of
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colors, with the indexes normally taking less space that the color
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description in the table. pnmtotiff can generate indexes of 1, 2, 4, or 8
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bits. By default, it will use 8, because many programs that interpret TIFF
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images can't handle any other width.
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>NOTES</H2>
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There are myriad variations of the TIFF format, and this program generates
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only a few of them.
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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creates a grayscale TIFF file if its input is a PBM (monochrome) or PGM
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(grayscale) file.
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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also creates a grayscale file if it input is PPM (color), but there is
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only one color in the image. If the input is a PPM (color) file and
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there are 256 colors or fewer, but more than 1,
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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generates a color palette TIFF file.
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If there are more colors than that,
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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generates an RGB (not RGBA) single plane TIFF file. Use
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<B>pnmtotiffcmyk</B>
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to generate the cyan-magenta-yellow-black ink color separation TIFF format.
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<P>
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The number of bits per sample in the TIFF output is determined by the maxval
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of the PNM input. If the maxval is less than 256, the bits per sample in
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the output is the smallest number that can encode the maxval. If the
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maxval is greater than or equal to 256, there are 16 bits per sample in
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the output.
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
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<H3>Multiple Passes</H3>
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<P>
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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reads the input image once if it can, and otherwise twice. It needs that
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second pass to analyze the colors in the image and generate a color map
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(pallette) and determine if the image is grayscale. So the second
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pass only happens when the input is PPM. And you can avoid it then by
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specifying both the
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<B>-truecolor</B>
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and
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<B>-color</B>
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options.
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<P>
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If the input image is small enough to fit in your system's file cache,
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the second pass is very fast. If not, it requires reading from disk
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twice, which can be slow.
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<P>
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When the input is from a file that cannot be rewound and reread,
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<B>pnmtotiff</B>
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reads the entire input image into a temporary file which can, and works
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from that. Even if it only needs one pass.
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
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<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+tifftopnm">tifftopnm</A></B>(1),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pnmtotiffcmyk">pnmtotiffcmyk</A></B>(1),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+pnmdepth">pnmdepth</A></B>(1),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+pnm">pnm</A></B>(5)
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
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<H2>AUTHOR</H2>
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Derived by Jef Poskanzer from ras2tiff.c, which is
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Copyright (c) 1990 by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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Author: Patrick J. Naughton (<A HREF="mailto:naughton@wind.sun.com">naughton@wind.sun.com</A>).
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<P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
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<DL>
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<DT id="1"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
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<DT id="2"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
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<DT id="3"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
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<DT id="4"><A HREF="#lbAE">OPTIONS</A><DD>
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<DT id="5"><A HREF="#lbAF">NOTES</A><DD>
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<DL>
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<DT id="6"><A HREF="#lbAG">Multiple Passes</A><DD>
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</DL>
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<DT id="7"><A HREF="#lbAH">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
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<DT id="8"><A HREF="#lbAI">AUTHOR</A><DD>
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</DL>
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<HR>
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This document was created by
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
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using the manual pages.<BR>
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Time: 00:05:24 GMT, March 31, 2021
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