660 lines
20 KiB
HTML
660 lines
20 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of IOCTL-FAT</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>IOCTL-FAT</H1>
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Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (2)<BR>Updated: 2019-03-06<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
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ioctl_fat - manipulating the FAT filesystem
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
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<PRE>
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<B>#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/linux/msdos_fs.h">linux/msdos_fs.h</A>></B>
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<B>#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/sys/ioctl.h">sys/ioctl.h</A>></B>
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<B>int ioctl(int </B><I>fd</I><B>, FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES, uint32_t *</B><I>attr</I><B>);</B>
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<B>int ioctl(int </B><I>fd</I><B>, FAT_IOCTL_SET_ATTRIBUTES, uint32_t *</B><I>attr</I><B>);</B>
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<B>int ioctl(int </B><I>fd</I><B>, FAT_IOCTL_GET_VOLUME_ID, uint32_t *</B><I>id</I><B>);</B>
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<B>int ioctl(int </B><I>fd</I><B>, VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_BOTH,</B>
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<B> struct __fat_dirent[2] </B><I>entry</I><B>);</B>
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<B>int ioctl(int </B><I>fd</I><B>, VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_SHORT,</B>
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<B> struct __fat_dirent[2] </B><I>entry</I><B>);</B>
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</PRE>
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
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The
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+ioctl">ioctl</A></B>(2)
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system call can be used to read and write metadata of FAT filesystems that
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are not accessible using other system calls.
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H3>Reading and setting file attributes</H3>
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Files and directories in the FAT filesystem possess an attribute bit mask that
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can be read with
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<B>FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES</B>
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and written with
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<B>FAT_IOCTL_SET_ATTRIBUTES</B>.
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<P>
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The
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<I>fd</I>
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argument contains a file descriptor for a file or directory.
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It is sufficient to create the file descriptor by calling
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+open">open</A></B>(2)
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with the
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<B>O_RDONLY</B>
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flag.
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<P>
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The
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<I>attr</I>
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argument contains a pointer to a bit mask.
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The bits of the bit mask are:
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="1"><B>ATTR_RO</B>
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<DD>
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This bit specifies that the file or directory is read-only.
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<DT id="2"><B>ATTR_HIDDEN</B>
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<DD>
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This bit specifies that the file or directory is hidden.
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<DT id="3"><B>ATTR_SYS</B>
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<DD>
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This bit specifies that the file is a system file.
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<DT id="4"><B>ATTR_VOLUME</B>
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<DD>
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This bit specifies that the file is a volume label.
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This attribute is read-only.
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<DT id="5"><B>ATTR_DIR</B>
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<DD>
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This bit specifies that this is a directory.
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This attribute is read-only.
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<DT id="6"><B>ATTR_ARCH</B>
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<DD>
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This bit indicates that this file or directory should be archived.
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It is set when a file is created or modified.
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It is reset by an archiving system.
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</DL>
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<P>
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The zero value
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<B>ATTR_NONE</B>
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can be used to indicate that no attribute bit is set.
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H3>Reading the volume ID</H3>
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FAT filesystems are identified by a volume ID.
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The volume ID can be read with
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<B>FAT_IOCTL_GET_VOLUME_ID</B>.
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<P>
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The
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<I>fd</I>
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argument can be a file descriptor for any file or directory of the
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filesystem.
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It is sufficient to create the file descriptor by calling
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+open">open</A></B>(2)
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with the
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<B>O_RDONLY</B>
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flag.
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<P>
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The
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<I>id</I>
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argument is a pointer to the field that will be filled with the volume ID.
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Typically the volume ID is displayed to the user as a group of two
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16-bit fields:
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<P>
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printf("Volume ID %04x-%04x\n", id >> 16, id & 0xFFFF);
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
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<H3>Reading short file names of a directory</H3>
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A file or directory on a FAT filesystem always has a short filename
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consisting of up to 8 capital letters, optionally followed by a period
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and up to 3 capital letters for the file extension.
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If the actual filename does not fit into this scheme, it is stored
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as a long filename of up to 255 UTF-16 characters.
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<P>
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The short filenames in a directory can be read with
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<B>VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_SHORT</B>.
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<B>VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_BOTH</B>
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reads both the short and the long filenames.
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<P>
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The
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<I>fd</I>
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argument must be a file descriptor for a directory.
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It is sufficient to create the file descriptor by calling
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+open">open</A></B>(2)
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with the
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<B>O_RDONLY</B>
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flag.
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The file descriptor can be used only once to iterate over the directory
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entries by calling
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+ioctl">ioctl</A></B>(2)
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repeatedly.
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<P>
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The
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<I>entry</I>
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argument is a two-element array of the following structures:
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<P>
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struct __fat_dirent {
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<BR> long d_ino;
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<BR> __kernel_off_t d_off;
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<BR> uint32_t short d_reclen;
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<BR> char d_name[256];
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};
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<P>
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The first entry in the array is for the short filename.
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The second entry is for the long filename.
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<P>
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The
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<I>d_ino</I>
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and
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<I>d_off</I>
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fields are filled only for long filenames.
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The
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<I>d_ino</I>
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field holds the inode number of the directory.
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The
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<I>d_off</I>
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field holds the offset of the file entry in the directory.
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As these values are not available for short filenames, the user code should
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simply ignore them.
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<P>
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The field
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<I>d_reclen</I>
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contains the length of the filename in the field
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<I>d_name</I>.
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To keep backward compatibility, a length of 0 for the short filename signals
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that the end of the directory has been reached.
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However, the preferred method for detecting the end of the directory
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is to test the
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+ioctl">ioctl</A></B>(2)
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return value.
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If no long filename exists, field
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<I>d_reclen</I>
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is set to 0 and
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<I>d_name</I>
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is a character string of length 0 for the long filename.
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<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
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<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2>
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On error, -1 is returned, and
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<I>errno</I>
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is set to indicate the error.
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<P>
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For
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<B>VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_BOTH</B>
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and
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<B>VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_SHORT</B>
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a return value of 1 signals that a new directory entry has been read and
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a return value of 0 signals that the end of the directory has been reached.
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<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
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<H2>ERRORS</H2>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="7"><B>ENOENT</B>
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<DD>
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This error is returned by
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<B>VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_BOTH</B>
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and
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<B>VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_SHORT</B>
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if the file descriptor
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<I>fd</I>
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refers to a removed, but still open directory.
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<DT id="8"><B>ENOTDIR</B>
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<DD>
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This error is returned by
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<B>VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_BOTH</B>
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and
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<B>VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_SHORT</B>
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if the file descriptor
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<I>fd</I>
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does not refer to a directory.
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<DT id="9"><B>ENOTTY</B>
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<DD>
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The file descriptor
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<I>fd</I>
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does not refer to an object in a FAT filesystem.
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</DL>
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<P>
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For further error values, see
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+ioctl">ioctl</A></B>(2).
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<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A>
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<H2>VERSIONS</H2>
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<B>VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_BOTH</B>
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and
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<B>VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_SHORT</B>
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first appeared in Linux 2.0.
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<P>
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<B>FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES</B>
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and
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<B>FAT_IOCTL_SET_ATTRIBUTES</B>
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first appeared
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in Linux 2.6.12.
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<P>
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<B>FAT_IOCTL_GET_VOLUME_ID</B>
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was introduced in version 3.11
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of the Linux kernel.
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<A NAME="lbAK"> </A>
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<H2>CONFORMING TO</H2>
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This API is Linux-specific.
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<A NAME="lbAL"> </A>
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<H2>EXAMPLE</H2>
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<A NAME="lbAM"> </A>
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<H3>Toggling the archive flag</H3>
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The following program demonstrates the usage of
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+ioctl">ioctl</A></B>(2)
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to manipulate file attributes.
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The program reads and displays the archive attribute of a file.
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After inverting the value of the attribute,
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the program reads and displays the attribute again.
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<P>
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The following was recorded when applying the program for the file
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<I>/mnt/user/foo</I>:
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<P>
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# ./toggle_fat_archive_flag /mnt/user/foo
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Archive flag is set
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Toggling archive flag
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Archive flag is not set
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<A NAME="lbAN"> </A>
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<H3>Program source (toggle_fat_archive_flag.c)</H3>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/fcntl.h">fcntl.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/linux/msdos_fs.h">linux/msdos_fs.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/stdint.h">stdint.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/stdio.h">stdio.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/stdlib.h">stdlib.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/sys/ioctl.h">sys/ioctl.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/unistd.h">unistd.h</A>>
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<P>
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/*
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<BR> * Read file attributes of a file on a FAT filesystem.
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<BR> * Output the state of the archive flag.
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<BR> */
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static uint32_t
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readattr(int fd)
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{
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<BR> uint32_t attr;
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<BR> int ret;
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<P>
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<BR> ret = ioctl(fd, FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES, &attr);
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<BR> if (ret == -1) {
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<BR> perror("ioctl");
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<BR> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> if (attr & ATTR_ARCH)
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<BR> printf("Archive flag is set\n");
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<BR> else
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<BR> printf("Archive flag is not set\n");
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<P>
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<BR> return attr;
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}
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<P>
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int
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main(int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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<BR> uint32_t attr;
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<BR> int fd;
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<BR> int ret;
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<P>
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<BR> if (argc != 2) {
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<BR> printf("Usage: %s FILENAME\n", argv[0]);
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<BR> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
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<BR> if (fd == -1) {
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<BR> perror("open");
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<BR> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * Read and display the FAT file attributes.
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<BR> */
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<BR> attr = readattr(fd);
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * Invert archive attribute.
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<BR> */
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<BR> printf("Toggling archive flag\n");
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<BR> attr ^= ATTR_ARCH;
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * Write the changed FAT file attributes.
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<BR> */
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<BR> ret = ioctl(fd, FAT_IOCTL_SET_ATTRIBUTES, &attr);
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<BR> if (ret == -1) {
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<BR> perror("ioctl");
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<BR> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * Read and display the FAT file attributes.
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<BR> */
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<BR> readattr(fd);
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<P>
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<BR> close(fd);
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<P>
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<BR> exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
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}
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<A NAME="lbAO"> </A>
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<H3>Reading the volume ID</H3>
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The following program demonstrates the use of
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+ioctl">ioctl</A></B>(2)
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to display the volume ID of a FAT filesystem.
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<P>
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The following output was recorded when applying the program for
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directory
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<I>/mnt/user</I>:
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<P>
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$ ./display_fat_volume_id /mnt/user
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Volume ID 6443-6241
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<A NAME="lbAP"> </A>
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<H3>Program source (display_fat_volume_id.c)</H3>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/fcntl.h">fcntl.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/linux/msdos_fs.h">linux/msdos_fs.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/stdint.h">stdint.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/stdio.h">stdio.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/stdlib.h">stdlib.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/sys/ioctl.h">sys/ioctl.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/unistd.h">unistd.h</A>>
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<P>
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int
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main(int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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<BR> uint32_t id;
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<BR> int fd;
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<BR> int ret;
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<P>
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<BR> if (argc != 2) {
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<BR> printf("Usage: %s FILENAME\n", argv[0]);
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<BR> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
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<BR> if (fd == -1) {
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<BR> perror("open");
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<BR> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * Read volume ID.
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<BR> */
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<BR> ret = ioctl(fd, FAT_IOCTL_GET_VOLUME_ID, &id);
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<BR> if (ret == -1) {
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<BR> perror("ioctl");
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<BR> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * Format the output as two groups of 16 bits each.
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<BR> */
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<BR> printf("Volume ID %04x-%04x\n", id >> 16, id & 0xFFFF);
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<P>
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<BR> close(fd);
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<P>
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<BR> exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
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}
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<A NAME="lbAQ"> </A>
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<H3>Listing a directory</H3>
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The following program demonstrates the use of
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+ioctl">ioctl</A></B>(2)
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to list a directory.
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<P>
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The following was recorded when applying the program to the directory
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<I>/mnt/user</I>:
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<P>
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$ <B>./fat_dir /mnt/user</B>
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46 -> ''
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46. -> ''
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ALONGF~1.TXT -> 'a long filename.txt'
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UPPER.TXT -> ''
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LOWER.TXT -> 'lower.txt'
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<A NAME="lbAR"> </A>
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<H3>Program source</H3>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/fcntl.h">fcntl.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/linux/msdos_fs.h">linux/msdos_fs.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/stdio.h">stdio.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/stdlib.h">stdlib.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/sys/ioctl.h">sys/ioctl.h</A>>
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#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/unistd.h">unistd.h</A>>
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<P>
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int
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main(int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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<BR> struct __fat_dirent entry[2];
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<BR> int fd;
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<BR> int ret;
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<P>
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<BR> if (argc != 2) {
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<BR> printf("Usage: %s DIRECTORY\n", argv[0]);
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<BR> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * Open file descriptor for the directory.
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<BR> */
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<BR> fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
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<BR> if (fd == -1) {
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<BR> perror("open");
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<BR> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> for (;;) {
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * Read next directory entry.
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<BR> */
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<BR> ret = ioctl( fd, VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_BOTH, entry);
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * If an error occurs, the return value is -1.
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<BR> * If the end of the directory list has been reached,
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<BR> * the return value is 0.
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<BR> * For backward compatibility the end of the directory
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<BR> * list is also signaled by d_reclen == 0.
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<BR> */
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<BR> if (ret < 1)
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<BR> break;
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * Write both the short name and the long name.
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<BR> */
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<BR> printf("%s -> '%s'\n", entry[0].d_name, entry[1].d_name);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> if (ret == -1) {
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<BR> perror("VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_BOTH");
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<BR> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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<BR> }
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<P>
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<BR> /*
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<BR> * Close the file descriptor.
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<BR> */
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<BR> close(fd);
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<P>
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<BR> exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
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}
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|
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<A NAME="lbAS"> </A>
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<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+ioctl">ioctl</A></B>(2)
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<A NAME="lbAT"> </A>
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<H2>COLOPHON</H2>
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This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux
|
|
<I>man-pages</I>
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|
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project.
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A description of the project,
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information about reporting bugs,
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and the latest version of this page,
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|
can be found at
|
|
<A HREF="https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.">https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.</A>
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<P>
|
|
|
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<HR>
|
|
<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="10"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
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|
<DT id="11"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="12"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="13"><A HREF="#lbAE">Reading and setting file attributes</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="14"><A HREF="#lbAF">Reading the volume ID</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="15"><A HREF="#lbAG">Reading short file names of a directory</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<DT id="16"><A HREF="#lbAH">RETURN VALUE</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="17"><A HREF="#lbAI">ERRORS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="18"><A HREF="#lbAJ">VERSIONS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="19"><A HREF="#lbAK">CONFORMING TO</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="20"><A HREF="#lbAL">EXAMPLE</A><DD>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="21"><A HREF="#lbAM">Toggling the archive flag</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="22"><A HREF="#lbAN">Program source (toggle_fat_archive_flag.c)</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="23"><A HREF="#lbAO">Reading the volume ID</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="24"><A HREF="#lbAP">Program source (display_fat_volume_id.c)</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="25"><A HREF="#lbAQ">Listing a directory</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="26"><A HREF="#lbAR">Program source</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<DT id="27"><A HREF="#lbAS">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="28"><A HREF="#lbAT">COLOPHON</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
This document was created by
|
|
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
|
|
using the manual pages.<BR>
|
|
Time: 00:05:33 GMT, March 31, 2021
|
|
</BODY>
|
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</HTML>
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