824 lines
18 KiB
HTML
824 lines
18 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of Mail::Sendmail</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>Mail::Sendmail</H1>
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Section: User Contributed Perl Documentation (3pm)<BR>Updated: 2017-09-18<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
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Mail::Sendmail - Simple platform independent mailer
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
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<PRE>
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use Mail::Sendmail;
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%mail = ( To => '<A HREF="mailto:you@there.com">you@there.com</A>',
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From => '<A HREF="mailto:me@here.com">me@here.com</A>',
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Message => "This is a very short message"
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);
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sendmail(%mail) or die $Mail::Sendmail::error;
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print "OK. Log says:\n", $Mail::Sendmail::log;
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</PRE>
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
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Simple platform independent e-mail from your perl script. Only requires
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Perl 5 and a network connection.
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<P>
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Mail::Sendmail takes a hash with the message to send and sends it to your
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mail server. It is intended to be very easy to setup and
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use. See also ``<FONT SIZE="-1">FEATURES''</FONT> below, and as usual, read this documentation.
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<P>
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There is also a <FONT SIZE="-1">FAQ</FONT> (see ``<FONT SIZE="-1">NOTES''</FONT>).
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>INSTALLATION</H2>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="1">Best<DD>
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<TT>"perl -MCPAN -e "install Mail::Sendmail""</TT>
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<DT id="2">Traditional<DD>
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<PRE>
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perl Makefile.PL
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make
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make test
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make install
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</PRE>
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<DT id="3">Manual<DD>
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Copy Sendmail.pm to Mail/ in your Perl lib directory.
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<P>
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<PRE>
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(eg. c:\Perl\site\lib\Mail\
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or /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/Mail/
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or whatever it is on your system.
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They are listed when you type C< perl -V >)
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</PRE>
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<DT id="4">ActivePerl's <FONT SIZE="-1">PPM</FONT><DD>
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Depending on your <FONT SIZE="-1">PPM</FONT> version:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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ppm install --location=<A HREF="http://alma.ch/perl/ppm">http://alma.ch/perl/ppm</A> Mail-Sendmail
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</PRE>
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<P>
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or
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<P>
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<PRE>
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ppm install <A HREF="http://alma.ch/perl/ppm/Mail-Sendmail.ppd">http://alma.ch/perl/ppm/Mail-Sendmail.ppd</A>
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</PRE>
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<P>
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But this way you don't get a chance to have a look at other files (Changes,
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Todo, test.pl, ...).
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</DL>
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<P>
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At the top of Sendmail.pm, set your default <FONT SIZE="-1">SMTP</FONT> server(s), unless you specify
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it with each message, or want to use the default (localhost).
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<P>
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Install MIME::QuotedPrint. This is not required but strongly recommended.
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>FEATURES</H2>
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Automatic time zone detection, Date: header, <FONT SIZE="-1">MIME</FONT> quoted-printable encoding
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(if MIME::QuotedPrint installed), all of which can be overridden.
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<P>
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Bcc: and Cc: support.
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<P>
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Allows real names in From:, To: and Cc: fields
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<P>
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Doesn't send an X-Mailer: header (unless you do), and allows you to send any
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header(s) you want.
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<P>
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Configurable retries and use of alternate servers if your mail server is
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down
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<P>
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Good plain text error reporting
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<P>
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Experimental support for <FONT SIZE="-1">SMTP</FONT> AUTHentication
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
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<H2>LIMITATIONS</H2>
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Headers are not encoded, even if they have accented characters.
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<P>
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Since the whole message is in memory, it's not suitable for
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sending very big attached files.
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<P>
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The <FONT SIZE="-1">SMTP</FONT> server has to be set manually in Sendmail.pm or in your script,
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unless you have a mail server on localhost.
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<P>
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Doesn't work on OpenVMS, I was told. Cannot test this myself.
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<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
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<H2>CONFIGURATION</H2>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="5">Default <FONT SIZE="-1">SMTP</FONT> server(s)<DD>
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This is probably all you want to configure. It is usually done through
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<I></I>$mailcfg<I>{smtp}</I>, which you can edit at the top of the Sendmail.pm file.
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This is a reference to a list of <FONT SIZE="-1">SMTP</FONT> servers. You can also set it from
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your script:
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<P>
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<TT>"unshift @{$Mail::Sendmail::mailcfg{'smtp'}} , 'my.mail.server';"</TT>
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<P>
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Alternatively, you can specify the server in the <I></I>%mail<I></I> hash you send
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from your script, which will do the same thing:
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<P>
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<TT>"$mail{smtp} = 'my.mail.server';"</TT>
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<P>
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A future version will (hopefully) try to set useful defaults for you
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during the Makefile.PL.
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<DT id="6">Other configuration settings<DD>
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See <I></I>%mailcfg<I></I> under ``<FONT SIZE="-1">DETAILS''</FONT> below for other configuration options.
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
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<H2>DETAILS</H2>
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<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A>
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<H3><I>sendmail()</I></H3>
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sendmail is the only thing exported to your namespace by default
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<P>
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<TT>"sendmail(%mail) || print "Error sending mail: $Mail::Sendmail::error\n";"</TT>
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<P>
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It takes a hash containing the full message, with keys for all headers
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and the body, as well as for some specific options.
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<P>
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It returns 1 on success or 0 on error, and rewrites
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<TT>$Mail::Sendmail::error</TT> and <TT>$Mail::Sendmail::log</TT>.
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<P>
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Keys are <FONT SIZE="-1">NOT</FONT> case-sensitive.
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<P>
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The colon after headers is not necessary.
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<P>
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The Body part key can be called 'Body', 'Message' or 'Text'.
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<P>
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The <FONT SIZE="-1">SMTP</FONT> server key can be called 'Smtp' or 'Server'. If the connection to
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this one fails, the other ones in <TT>$mailcfg{smtp}</TT> will still be tried.
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<P>
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The following headers are added unless you specify them yourself:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Mime-Version: 1.0
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Content-Type: 'text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"'
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
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or (if MIME::QuotedPrint not installed)
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
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Date: [string returned by time_to_date()]
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</PRE>
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<P>
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If you wish to use an envelope sender address different than the
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From: address, set <TT>$mail{Sender}</TT> in your <TT>%mail</TT> hash.
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<P>
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The following are not exported by default, but you can still access them
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with their full name, or request their export on the use line like in:
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<TT>"use Mail::Sendmail qw(sendmail $address_rx time_to_date);"</TT>
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<P>
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<I>embedding options in your </I>%mail<I> hash</I>
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<P>
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The following options can be set in your <TT>%mail</TT> hash. The corresponding keys
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will be removed before sending the mail.
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="7">$mail{smtp} or $mail{server}<DD>
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The <FONT SIZE="-1">SMTP</FONT> server to try first. It will be added
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<DT id="8">$mail{port}<DD>
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This option will be removed. To use a non-standard port, set it in your server name:
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<P>
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<TT>$mail</TT>{server}='my.smtp.server:2525' will try to connect to port 2525 on server my.smtp.server
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<DT id="9">$mail{auth}<DD>
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This must be a reference to a hash containing all your authentication options:
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<P>
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<TT>$mail</TT>{auth} = \%options;
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or
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<TT>$mail</TT>{auth} = {user=>``username'', password=>``password'', method=>``<FONT SIZE="-1">DIGEST-MD5'',</FONT> required=>0 };
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="10"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="11">user<DD>
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username
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<DT id="12">pass or password<DD>
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password
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<DT id="13">method<DD>
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optional method. compared (stripped down) to available methods. If empty, will try all available.
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<DT id="14">required<DD>
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optional. defaults to false. If set to true, no delivery will be attempted if
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authentication fails. If false or undefined, and authentication fails or is not available, sending is tried without.
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<P>
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(different auth for different servers?)
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="15"><DD>
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAK"> </A>
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<H3><I>Mail::Sendmail::time_to_date()</I></H3>
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convert time ( as from <TT>"time()"</TT> ) to an <FONT SIZE="-1">RFC 822</FONT> compliant string for the
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Date header. See also ``%Mail::Sendmail::mailcfg''.
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<A NAME="lbAL"> </A>
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<H3>$Mail::Sendmail::error</H3>
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When you don't run with the <B>-w</B> flag, the module sends no errors to
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<FONT SIZE="-1">STDERR,</FONT> but puts anything it has to complain about in here. You should
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probably always check if it says something.
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<A NAME="lbAM"> </A>
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<H3>$Mail::Sendmail::log</H3>
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A summary that you could write to a log file after each send
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<A NAME="lbAN"> </A>
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<H3>$Mail::Sendmail::address_rx</H3>
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A handy regex to recognize e-mail addresses.
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<P>
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A correct regex for valid e-mail addresses was written by one of the judges
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in the obfuscated Perl contest... :-) It is quite big. This one is an
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attempt to a reasonable compromise, and should accept all real-world
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internet style addresses. The domain part is required and comments or
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characters that would need to be quoted are not supported.
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Example:
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$rx = $Mail::Sendmail::address_rx;
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if (/$rx/) {
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$address=$1;
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$user=$2;
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$domain=$3;
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}
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</PRE>
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<A NAME="lbAO"> </A>
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<H3>%Mail::Sendmail::mailcfg</H3>
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This hash contains installation-wide configuration options. You normally edit it once (if
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ever) in Sendmail.pm and forget about it, but you could also access it from
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your scripts. For readability, I'll assume you have imported it
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(with something like <TT>"use Mail::Sendmail qw(sendmail %mailcfg)"</TT>).
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<P>
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The keys are not case-sensitive: they are all converted to lowercase before
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use. Writing <TT>"$mailcfg{Port} = 2525;"</TT> is <FONT SIZE="-1">OK:</FONT> the default <TT>$mailcfg</TT>{port}
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(25) will be deleted and replaced with your new value of 2525.
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="16">$mailcfg{smtp}<DD>
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<TT>"$mailcfg{smtp} = [qw(localhost my.other.mail.server)];"</TT>
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<P>
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This is a reference to a list of smtp servers, so if your main server is
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down, the module tries the next one. If one of your servers uses a special
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port, add it to the server name with a colon in front, to override the
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default port (like in my.special.server:2525).
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<P>
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Default: localhost.
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<DT id="17">$mailcfg{from}<DD>
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<TT>"$mailcfg{from} = 'Mailing script <A HREF="mailto:me@mydomain.com">me@mydomain.com</A>';"</TT>
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<P>
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From address used if you don't supply one in your script. Should not be of
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type '<A HREF="mailto:user@localhost">user@localhost</A>' since that may not be valid on the recipient's
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host.
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<P>
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Default: undefined.
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<DT id="18">$mailcfg{mime}<DD>
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<TT>"$mailcfg{mime} = 1;"</TT>
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<P>
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Set this to 0 if you don't want any automatic <FONT SIZE="-1">MIME</FONT> encoding. You normally
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don't need this, the module should 'Do the right thing' anyway.
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<P>
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Default: 1;
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<DT id="19">$mailcfg{retries}<DD>
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<TT>"$mailcfg{retries} = 1;"</TT>
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<P>
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How many times should the connection to the same <FONT SIZE="-1">SMTP</FONT> server be retried in
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case of a failure.
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<P>
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Default: 1;
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<DT id="20">$mailcfg{delay}<DD>
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<TT>"$mailcfg{delay} = 1;"</TT>
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<P>
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Number of seconds to wait between retries. This delay also happens before
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trying the next server in the list, if the retries for the current server
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have been exhausted. For <FONT SIZE="-1">CGI</FONT> scripts, you want few retries and short delays
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to return with a results page before the http connection times out. For
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unattended scripts, you may want to use many retries and long delays to
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have a good chance of your mail being sent even with temporary failures on
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your network.
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<P>
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Default: 1 (second);
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<DT id="21">$mailcfg{tz}<DD>
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<TT>"$mailcfg{tz} = '+0800';"</TT>
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<P>
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Normally, your time zone is set automatically, from the difference between
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<TT>"time()"</TT> and <TT>"gmtime()"</TT>. This allows you to override automatic detection
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in cases where your system is confused (such as some Win32 systems in zones
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which do not use daylight savings time: see Microsoft <FONT SIZE="-1">KB</FONT> article Q148681)
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<P>
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Default: undefined (automatic detection at run-time).
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<DT id="22">$mailcfg{port}<DD>
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<TT>"$mailcfg{port} = 25;"</TT>
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<P>
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Port used when none is specified in the server name.
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<P>
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Default: 25.
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<DT id="23">$mailcfg{debug}<DD>
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<TT>"$mailcfg{debug} = 0;"</TT>
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<P>
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Prints stuff to <FONT SIZE="-1">STDERR.</FONT> Current maximum is 6, which prints the whole <FONT SIZE="-1">SMTP</FONT>
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session, except data exceeding 500 bytes.
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<P>
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Default: 0;
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAP"> </A>
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<H3>$Mail::Sendmail::VERSION</H3>
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The package version number (you can not import this one)
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<A NAME="lbAQ"> </A>
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<H3>Configuration variables from previous versions</H3>
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The following global variables were used in version 0.74 for configuration.
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As from version 0.78_1, they are not supported anymore.
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Use the <I></I>%mailcfg<I></I> hash if you need to access the configuration
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from your scripts.
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="24">$Mail::Sendmail::default_smtp_server<DD>
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<DT id="25">$Mail::Sendmail::default_smtp_port<DD>
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<DT id="26">$Mail::Sendmail::default_sender<DD>
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<DT id="27">$Mail::Sendmail::TZ<DD>
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<DT id="28">$Mail::Sendmail::connect_retries<DD>
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<DT id="29">$Mail::Sendmail::retry_delay<DD>
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<DT id="30">$Mail::Sendmail::use_MIME<DD>
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAR"> </A>
|
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<H2>ANOTHER EXAMPLE</H2>
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<PRE>
|
|
use Mail::Sendmail;
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|
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print "Testing Mail::Sendmail version $Mail::Sendmail::VERSION\n";
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|
print "Default server: $Mail::Sendmail::mailcfg{smtp}->[0]\n";
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|
print "Default sender: $Mail::Sendmail::mailcfg{from}\n";
|
|
|
|
%mail = (
|
|
#To => 'No to field this time, only Bcc and Cc',
|
|
#From => 'not needed, use default',
|
|
Bcc => 'Someone <<A HREF="mailto:him@there.com">him@there.com</A>>, Someone else <A HREF="mailto:her@there.com">her@there.com</A>',
|
|
# only addresses are extracted from Bcc, real names disregarded
|
|
Cc => 'Yet someone else <<A HREF="mailto:xz@whatever.com">xz@whatever.com</A>>',
|
|
# Cc will appear in the header. (Bcc will not)
|
|
Subject => 'Test message',
|
|
'X-Mailer' => "Mail::Sendmail version $Mail::Sendmail::VERSION",
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
|
|
$mail{Smtp} = 'special_server.for-this-message-only.domain.com';
|
|
$mail{'X-custom'} = 'My custom additional header';
|
|
$mail{'mESSaGE : '} = "The message key looks terrible, but works.";
|
|
# cheat on the date:
|
|
$mail{Date} = Mail::Sendmail::time_to_date( time() - 86400 );
|
|
|
|
if (sendmail %mail) { print "Mail sent OK.\n" }
|
|
else { print "Error sending mail: $Mail::Sendmail::error \n" }
|
|
|
|
print "\n\$Mail::Sendmail::log says:\n", $Mail::Sendmail::log;
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Also see <A HREF="http://alma.ch/perl/Mail-Sendmail-FAQ.html">http://alma.ch/perl/Mail-Sendmail-FAQ.html</A> for examples
|
|
of <FONT SIZE="-1">HTML</FONT> mail and sending attachments.
|
|
<A NAME="lbAS"> </A>
|
|
<H2>CHANGES</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Main changes since version 0.79:
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Experimental <FONT SIZE="-1">SMTP AUTH</FONT> support (<FONT SIZE="-1">LOGIN PLAIN CRAM-MD5 DIGEST-MD5</FONT>)
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Fix bug where one refused <FONT SIZE="-1">RCPT TO:</FONT> would abort everything
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
send <FONT SIZE="-1">EHLO,</FONT> and parse response
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Better handling of multi-line responses, and better error-messages
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Non-conforming line-endings also normalized in headers
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Now keeps the Sender header if it was used. Previous versions
|
|
only used it for the <FONT SIZE="-1">MAIL FROM:</FONT> command and deleted it.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
See the <I>Changes</I> file for the full history. If you don't have it
|
|
because you installed through <FONT SIZE="-1">PPM,</FONT> you can also find the latest
|
|
one on <I><A HREF="http://alma.ch/perl/scripts/Sendmail/Changes">http://alma.ch/perl/scripts/Sendmail/Changes</A></I>.
|
|
<A NAME="lbAT"> </A>
|
|
<H2>NOTES</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MIME::QuotedPrint is used by default on every message if available. It
|
|
allows reliable sending of accented characters, and also takes care of
|
|
too long lines (which can happen in <FONT SIZE="-1">HTML</FONT> mails). It is available in the
|
|
MIME-Base64 package at <A HREF="http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/MIME/">http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/MIME/</A> or
|
|
through <FONT SIZE="-1">PPM.</FONT>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Look at <A HREF="http://alma.ch/perl/Mail-Sendmail-FAQ.html">http://alma.ch/perl/Mail-Sendmail-FAQ.html</A> for additional
|
|
info (<FONT SIZE="-1">CGI,</FONT> examples of sending attachments, <FONT SIZE="-1">HTML</FONT> mail etc...)
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
You can use this module freely. (Someone complained this is too vague.
|
|
So, more precisely: do whatever you want with it, but be warned that
|
|
terrible things will happen to you if you use it badly, like for sending
|
|
spam, or ...?)
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Thanks to the many users who sent me feedback, bug reports, suggestions, etc.
|
|
And please excuse me if I forgot to answer your mail. I am not always reliable
|
|
in answering mail. I intend to set up a mailing list soon.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Last revision: 06.02.2003. Latest version should be available on
|
|
<FONT SIZE="-1">CPAN:</FONT> <I><A HREF="http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-authors/id/M/MI/MIVKOVIC/">http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-authors/id/M/MI/MIVKOVIC/</A></I>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
On Debian systems Sys::Hostname::Long is tried before Sys::Hostname in order
|
|
get a fully qualified domain name.
|
|
<A NAME="lbAU"> </A>
|
|
<H2>AUTHOR</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Milivoj Ivkovic <mi\x40alma.ch> (``\x40'' is ``@'' of course)
|
|
<A NAME="lbAV"> </A>
|
|
<H2>COPYRIGHT</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Milivoj Ivkovic. All rights reserved.
|
|
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
|
|
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<HR>
|
|
<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="31"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="32"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="33"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="34"><A HREF="#lbAE">INSTALLATION</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="35"><A HREF="#lbAF">FEATURES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="36"><A HREF="#lbAG">LIMITATIONS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="37"><A HREF="#lbAH">CONFIGURATION</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="38"><A HREF="#lbAI">DETAILS</A><DD>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="39"><A HREF="#lbAJ"><I>sendmail()</I></A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="40"><A HREF="#lbAK"><I>Mail::Sendmail::time_to_date()</I></A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="41"><A HREF="#lbAL">$Mail::Sendmail::error</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="42"><A HREF="#lbAM">$Mail::Sendmail::log</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="43"><A HREF="#lbAN">$Mail::Sendmail::address_rx</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="44"><A HREF="#lbAO">%Mail::Sendmail::mailcfg</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="45"><A HREF="#lbAP">$Mail::Sendmail::VERSION</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="46"><A HREF="#lbAQ">Configuration variables from previous versions</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<DT id="47"><A HREF="#lbAR">ANOTHER EXAMPLE</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="48"><A HREF="#lbAS">CHANGES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="49"><A HREF="#lbAT">NOTES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="50"><A HREF="#lbAU">AUTHOR</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="51"><A HREF="#lbAV">COPYRIGHT</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
This document was created by
|
|
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
|
|
using the manual pages.<BR>
|
|
Time: 00:05:47 GMT, March 31, 2021
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
</HTML>
|