777 lines
16 KiB
HTML
777 lines
16 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of GETHOSTBYNAME</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>GETHOSTBYNAME</H1>
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Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (3)<BR>Updated: 2017-09-15<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
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gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, sethostent, gethostent, endhostent,
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h_errno,
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herror, hstrerror,
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gethostbyaddr_r,
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gethostbyname2, gethostbyname2_r, gethostbyname_r,
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gethostent_r - get network host entry
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
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<PRE>
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<B>#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/netdb.h">netdb.h</A>></B>
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<B>extern int h_errno;</B>
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<B>struct hostent *gethostbyname(const char *</B><I>name</I><B>);</B>
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<B>#include <<A HREF="file:///usr/include/sys/socket.h">sys/socket.h</A>></B> /* for AF_INET */
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<B>struct hostent *gethostbyaddr(const void *</B><I>addr</I><B>,</B>
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<B> socklen_t </B><I>len</I><B>, int </B><I>type</I><B>);</B>
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<B>void sethostent(int </B><I>stayopen</I><B>);</B>
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<B>void endhostent(void);</B>
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<B>void herror(const char *</B><I>s</I><B>);</B>
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<B>const char *hstrerror(int </B><I>err</I><B>);</B>
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/* System V/POSIX extension */
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<B>struct hostent *gethostent(void);</B>
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/* GNU extensions */
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<B>struct hostent *gethostbyname2(const char *</B><I>name</I><B>, int </B><I>af</I><B>);</B>
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<B>int gethostent_r(</B>
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<B> struct hostent *</B><I>ret</I><B>, char *</B><I>buf</I><B>, size_t </B><I>buflen</I><B>,</B>
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<B> struct hostent **</B><I>result</I><B>, int *</B><I>h_errnop</I><B>);</B>
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<B>int gethostbyaddr_r(const void *</B><I>addr</I><B>, socklen_t </B><I>len</I><B>, int </B><I>type</I><B>,</B>
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<B> struct hostent *</B><I>ret</I><B>, char *</B><I>buf</I><B>, size_t </B><I>buflen</I><B>,</B>
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<B> struct hostent **</B><I>result</I><B>, int *</B><I>h_errnop</I><B>);</B>
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<B>int gethostbyname_r(const char *</B><I>name</I><B>,</B>
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<B> struct hostent *</B><I>ret</I><B>, char *</B><I>buf</I><B>, size_t </B><I>buflen</I><B>,</B>
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<B> struct hostent **</B><I>result</I><B>, int *</B><I>h_errnop</I><B>);</B>
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<B>int gethostbyname2_r(const char *</B><I>name</I><B>, int </B><I>af,</I>
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<B> struct hostent *</B><I>ret</I><B>, char *</B><I>buf</I><B>, size_t </B><I>buflen</I><B>,</B>
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<B> struct hostent **</B><I>result</I><B>, int *</B><I>h_errnop</I><B>);</B>
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+feature_test_macros">feature_test_macros</A></B>(7)):
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<P>
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<B>gethostbyname2</B>(),
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<B>gethostent_r</B>(),
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<B>gethostbyaddr_r</B>(),
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<B>gethostbyname_r</B>(),
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<B>gethostbyname2_r</B>():
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="1"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="2">Since glibc 2.19:<DD>
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_DEFAULT_SOURCE
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<DT id="3">Glibc versions up to and including 2.19:<DD>
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_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>herror</B>(),
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<B>hstrerror</B>():
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="4"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="5">Since glibc 2.19:<DD>
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_DEFAULT_SOURCE
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<DT id="6">Glibc 2.8 to 2.19:<DD>
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_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
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<DT id="7">Before glibc 2.8:<DD>
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none
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>h_errno</B>:
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="8"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="9">Since glibc 2.19<DD>
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_DEFAULT_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE < 200809L
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<DT id="10">Glibc 2.12 to 2.19:<DD>
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_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE < 200809L
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<DT id="11">Before glibc 2.12:<DD>
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none
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
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The
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<B>gethostbyname*</B>(),
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<B>gethostbyaddr*</B>(),
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<B>herror</B>(),
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and
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<B>hstrerror</B>()
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functions are obsolete.
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Applications should use
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+getaddrinfo">getaddrinfo</A></B>(3),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+getnameinfo">getnameinfo</A></B>(3),
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and
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+gai_strerror">gai_strerror</A></B>(3)
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instead.
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<P>
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The
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<B>gethostbyname</B>()
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function returns a structure of type
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<I>hostent</I>
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for the given host
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<I>name</I>.
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Here
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<I>name</I>
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is either a hostname or an IPv4 address in standard dot notation (as for
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+inet_addr">inet_addr</A></B>(3)).
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If
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<I>name</I>
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is an IPv4 address, no lookup is performed and
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<B>gethostbyname</B>()
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simply copies
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<I>name</I>
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into the
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<I>h_name</I>
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field and its
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<I>struct in_addr</I>
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equivalent into the
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<I>h_addr_list[0]</I>
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field of the returned
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<I>hostent</I>
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structure.
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If
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<I>name</I>
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doesn't end in a dot and the environment variable
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<B>HOSTALIASES</B>
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is set, the alias file pointed to by
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<B>HOSTALIASES</B>
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will first be searched for
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<I>name</I>
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(see
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+hostname">hostname</A></B>(7)
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for the file format).
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The current domain and its parents are searched unless <I>name</I>
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ends in a dot.
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<P>
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The
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<B>gethostbyaddr</B>()
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function returns a structure of type <I>hostent</I>
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for the given host address <I>addr</I> of length <I>len</I> and address type
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<I>type</I>.
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Valid address types are
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<B>AF_INET</B>
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and
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<B>AF_INET6</B>.
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The host address argument is a pointer to a struct of a type depending
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on the address type, for example a <I>struct in_addr *</I> (probably
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obtained via a call to
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+inet_addr">inet_addr</A></B>(3))
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for address type
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<B>AF_INET</B>.
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<P>
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The
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<B>sethostent</B>()
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function specifies, if <I>stayopen</I> is true (1),
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that a connected TCP socket should be used for the name server queries and
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that the connection should remain open during successive queries.
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Otherwise, name server queries will use UDP datagrams.
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<P>
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The
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<B>endhostent</B>()
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function ends the use of a TCP connection for name
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server queries.
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<P>
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The (obsolete)
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<B>herror</B>()
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function prints the error message associated
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with the current value of <I>h_errno</I> on <I>stderr</I>.
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<P>
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The (obsolete)
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<B>hstrerror</B>()
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function takes an error number
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(typically <I>h_errno</I>) and returns the corresponding message string.
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<P>
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The domain name queries carried out by
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<B>gethostbyname</B>()
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and
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<B>gethostbyaddr</B>()
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rely on the Name Service Switch
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(<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+nsswitch.conf">nsswitch.conf</A></B>(5))
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configured sources or a local name server
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(<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+named">named</A></B>(8)).
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The default action is to query the Name Service Switch
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(<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+nsswitch.conf">nsswitch.conf</A>(5))</B>
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configured sources, failing that, a local name server
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(<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+named">named</A></B>(8)).
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H3>Historical</H3>
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The
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+nsswitch.conf">nsswitch.conf</A></B>(5)
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file is the modern way of controlling the order of host lookups.
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<P>
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In glibc 2.4 and earlier, the
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<I>order</I>
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keyword was used to control the order of host lookups as defined in
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<I>/etc/host.conf</I>
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(<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+host.conf">host.conf</A></B>(5)).
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<P>
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<P>
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The <I>hostent</I> structure is defined in <I><<A HREF="file:///usr/include/netdb.h">netdb.h</A>></I> as follows:
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<P>
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struct hostent {
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<BR> char *h_name; /* official name of host */
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<BR> char **h_aliases; /* alias list */
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<BR> int h_addrtype; /* host address type */
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<BR> int h_length; /* length of address */
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<BR> char **h_addr_list; /* list of addresses */
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}
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#define h_addr h_addr_list[0] /* for backward compatibility */
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<P>
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The members of the <I>hostent</I> structure are:
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="12"><I>h_name</I>
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<DD>
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The official name of the host.
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<DT id="13"><I>h_aliases</I>
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<DD>
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An array of alternative names for the host, terminated by a null pointer.
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<DT id="14"><I>h_addrtype</I>
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<DD>
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The type of address; always
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<B>AF_INET</B>
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or
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<B>AF_INET6</B>
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at present.
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<DT id="15"><I>h_length</I>
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<DD>
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The length of the address in bytes.
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<DT id="16"><I>h_addr_list</I>
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<DD>
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An array of pointers to network addresses for the host (in network byte
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order), terminated by a null pointer.
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<DT id="17"><I>h_addr</I>
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<DD>
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The first address in <I>h_addr_list</I> for backward compatibility.
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2>
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The
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<B>gethostbyname</B>()
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and
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<B>gethostbyaddr</B>()
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functions return the
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<I>hostent</I>
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structure or a null pointer if an error occurs.
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On error, the
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<I>h_errno</I>
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variable holds an error number.
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When non-NULL, the return value may point at static data, see the notes below.
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
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<H2>ERRORS</H2>
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The variable <I>h_errno</I> can have the following values:
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="18"><B>HOST_NOT_FOUND</B>
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<DD>
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The specified host is unknown.
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<DT id="19"><B>NO_DATA</B>
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<DD>
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The requested name is valid but does not have an IP address.
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Another type of request to the name server for this domain
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may return an answer.
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The constant
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<B>NO_ADDRESS</B>
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is a synonym for
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<B>NO_DATA</B>.
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<DT id="20"><B>NO_RECOVERY</B>
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<DD>
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A nonrecoverable name server error occurred.
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<DT id="21"><B>TRY_AGAIN</B>
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<DD>
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A temporary error occurred on an authoritative name server.
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Try again later.
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
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<H2>FILES</H2>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="22"><I>/etc/host.conf</I>
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<DD>
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resolver configuration file
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<DT id="23"><I>/etc/hosts</I>
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<DD>
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host database file
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<DT id="24"><I>/etc/nsswitch.conf</I>
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<DD>
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name service switch configuration
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
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<H2>ATTRIBUTES</H2>
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For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+attributes">attributes</A></B>(7).
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<TABLE BORDER>
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<TR VALIGN=top><TD><B>Interface</B></TD><TD><B>Attribute</B></TD><TD><B>Value</B><BR></TD></TR>
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<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
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<B>gethostbyname</B>()
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</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>
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MT-Unsafe race:hostbyname env
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<BR>
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locale
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<BR></TD></TR>
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<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
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<B>gethostbyaddr</B>()
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</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>
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MT-Unsafe race:hostbyaddr env
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<BR>
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locale
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<BR></TD></TR>
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<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
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<B>sethostent</B>(),
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<BR>
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<B>endhostent</B>(),
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<BR>
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<B>gethostent_r</B>()
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</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>
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MT-Unsafe race:hostent env
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<BR>
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locale
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<BR></TD></TR>
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<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
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<B>herror</B>(),
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<BR>
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<B>hstrerror</B>()
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</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>MT-Safe<BR></TD></TR>
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<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
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<B>gethostent</B>()
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</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>
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MT-Unsafe race:hostent
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<BR>
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race:hostentbuf env locale
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<BR></TD></TR>
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<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
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<B>gethostbyname2</B>()
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</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>
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MT-Unsafe race:hostbyname2
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<BR>
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env locale
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<BR></TD></TR>
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<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
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<B>gethostbyaddr_r</B>(),
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<B>gethostbyname_r</B>(),
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<B>gethostbyname2_r</B>()
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</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>MT-Safe env locale<BR></TD></TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P>
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In the above table,
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<I>hostent</I>
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in
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<I>race:hostent</I>
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signifies that if any of the functions
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<B>sethostent</B>(),
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<B>gethostent</B>(),
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<B>gethostent_r</B>(),
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or
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<B>endhostent</B>()
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are used in parallel in different threads of a program,
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then data races could occur.
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<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A>
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<H2>CONFORMING TO</H2>
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POSIX.1-2001 specifies
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<B>gethostbyname</B>(),
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<B>gethostbyaddr</B>(),
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<B>sethostent</B>(),
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<B>endhostent</B>(),
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<B>gethostent</B>(),
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and
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<I>h_errno</I>;
|
|
|
|
<B>gethostbyname</B>(),
|
|
|
|
<B>gethostbyaddr</B>(),
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>h_errno</I>
|
|
|
|
are marked obsolescent in that standard.
|
|
POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of
|
|
<B>gethostbyname</B>(),
|
|
|
|
<B>gethostbyaddr</B>(),
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>h_errno</I>,
|
|
|
|
recommending the use of
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+getaddrinfo">getaddrinfo</A></B>(3)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+getnameinfo">getnameinfo</A></B>(3)
|
|
|
|
instead.
|
|
<A NAME="lbAK"> </A>
|
|
<H2>NOTES</H2>
|
|
|
|
The functions
|
|
<B>gethostbyname</B>()
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>gethostbyaddr</B>()
|
|
|
|
may return pointers to static data, which may be overwritten by
|
|
later calls.
|
|
Copying the
|
|
<I>struct hostent</I>
|
|
|
|
does not suffice, since it contains pointers; a deep copy is required.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
In the original BSD implementation the
|
|
<I>len</I>
|
|
|
|
argument
|
|
of
|
|
<B>gethostbyname</B>()
|
|
|
|
was an
|
|
<I>int</I>.
|
|
|
|
The SUSv2 standard is buggy and declares the
|
|
<I>len</I>
|
|
|
|
argument of
|
|
<B>gethostbyaddr</B>()
|
|
|
|
to be of type
|
|
<I>size_t</I>.
|
|
|
|
(That is wrong, because it has to be
|
|
<I>int</I>,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<I>size_t</I>
|
|
|
|
is not.
|
|
POSIX.1-2001 makes it
|
|
<I>socklen_t</I>,
|
|
|
|
which is OK.)
|
|
See also
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+accept">accept</A></B>(2).
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
The BSD prototype for
|
|
<B>gethostbyaddr</B>()
|
|
|
|
uses
|
|
<I>const char *</I>
|
|
|
|
for the first argument.
|
|
<A NAME="lbAL"> </A>
|
|
<H3>System V/POSIX extension</H3>
|
|
|
|
POSIX requires the
|
|
<B>gethostent</B>()
|
|
|
|
call, which should return the next entry in the host data base.
|
|
When using DNS/BIND this does not make much sense, but it may
|
|
be reasonable if the host data base is a file that can be read
|
|
line by line.
|
|
On many systems, a routine of this name reads
|
|
from the file
|
|
<I>/etc/hosts</I>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
It may be available only when the library was built without DNS support.
|
|
|
|
The glibc version will ignore ipv6 entries.
|
|
This function is not reentrant,
|
|
and glibc adds a reentrant version
|
|
<B>gethostent_r</B>().
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAM"> </A>
|
|
<H3>GNU extensions</H3>
|
|
|
|
Glibc2 also has a
|
|
<B>gethostbyname2</B>()
|
|
|
|
that works like
|
|
<B>gethostbyname</B>(),
|
|
|
|
but permits to specify the address family to which the address must belong.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
Glibc2 also has reentrant versions
|
|
<B>gethostent_r</B>(),
|
|
|
|
<B>gethostbyaddr_r</B>(),
|
|
|
|
<B>gethostbyname_r</B>()
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
<B>gethostbyname2_r</B>().
|
|
|
|
The caller supplies a
|
|
<I>hostent</I>
|
|
|
|
structure
|
|
<I>ret</I>
|
|
|
|
which will be filled in on success, and a temporary work buffer
|
|
<I>buf</I>
|
|
|
|
of size
|
|
<I>buflen</I>.
|
|
|
|
After the call,
|
|
<I>result</I>
|
|
|
|
will point to the result on success.
|
|
In case of an error
|
|
or if no entry is found
|
|
<I>result</I>
|
|
|
|
will be NULL.
|
|
The functions return 0 on success and a nonzero error number on failure.
|
|
In addition to the errors returned by the nonreentrant
|
|
versions of these functions, if
|
|
<I>buf</I>
|
|
|
|
is too small, the functions will return
|
|
<B>ERANGE</B>,
|
|
|
|
and the call should be retried with a larger buffer.
|
|
The global variable
|
|
<I>h_errno</I>
|
|
|
|
is not modified, but the address of a variable in which to store error numbers
|
|
is passed in
|
|
<I>h_errnop</I>.
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAN"> </A>
|
|
<H2>BUGS</H2>
|
|
|
|
<B>gethostbyname</B>()
|
|
|
|
does not recognize components of a dotted IPv4 address string
|
|
that are expressed in hexadecimal.
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAO"> </A>
|
|
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+getaddrinfo">getaddrinfo</A></B>(3),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+getnameinfo">getnameinfo</A></B>(3),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+inet">inet</A></B>(3),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+inet_ntop">inet_ntop</A></B>(3),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+inet_pton">inet_pton</A></B>(3),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+resolver">resolver</A></B>(3),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+hosts">hosts</A></B>(5),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+nsswitch.conf">nsswitch.conf</A></B>(5),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+hostname">hostname</A></B>(7),
|
|
|
|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+named">named</A></B>(8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAP"> </A>
|
|
<H2>COLOPHON</H2>
|
|
|
|
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux
|
|
<I>man-pages</I>
|
|
|
|
project.
|
|
A description of the project,
|
|
information about reporting bugs,
|
|
and the latest version of this page,
|
|
can be found at
|
|
<A HREF="https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.">https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.</A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<HR>
|
|
<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="25"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="26"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="27"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="28"><A HREF="#lbAE">Historical</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<DT id="29"><A HREF="#lbAF">RETURN VALUE</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="30"><A HREF="#lbAG">ERRORS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="31"><A HREF="#lbAH">FILES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="32"><A HREF="#lbAI">ATTRIBUTES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="33"><A HREF="#lbAJ">CONFORMING TO</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="34"><A HREF="#lbAK">NOTES</A><DD>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="35"><A HREF="#lbAL">System V/POSIX extension</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="36"><A HREF="#lbAM">GNU extensions</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<DT id="37"><A HREF="#lbAN">BUGS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="38"><A HREF="#lbAO">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="39"><A HREF="#lbAP">COLOPHON</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
This document was created by
|
|
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
|
|
using the manual pages.<BR>
|
|
Time: 00:05:44 GMT, March 31, 2021
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
</HTML>
|