man-pages/man3/mbrtowc.3.html
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<H1>MBRTOWC</H1>
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (3)<BR>Updated: 2019-03-06<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
<A NAME="lbAB">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>NAME</H2>
mbrtowc - convert a multibyte sequence to a wide character
<A NAME="lbAC">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
<PRE>
<B>#include &lt;<A HREF="file:///usr/include/wchar.h">wchar.h</A>&gt;</B>
<B>size_t mbrtowc(wchar_t *</B><I>pwc</I><B>, const char *</B><I>s</I><B>, size_t </B><I>n</I><B>, mbstate_t *</B><I>ps</I><B>);</B>
</PRE>
<A NAME="lbAD">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
The main case for this function is when
<I>s</I>
is not NULL and
<I>pwc</I>
is
not NULL.
In this case, the
<B>mbrtowc</B>()
function inspects at most
<I>n</I>
bytes of the multibyte string starting at
<I>s</I>,
extracts the next complete
multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at
<I>*pwc</I>.
It updates the shift state
<I>*ps</I>.
If the converted wide
character is not L'\0' (the null wide character),
it returns the number of bytes that were consumed
from
<I>s</I>.
If the converted wide character is L'\0', it resets the shift
state
<I>*ps</I>
to the initial state and returns 0.
<P>
If the
<I>n</I>
bytes starting at
<I>s</I>
do not contain a complete multibyte
character,
<B>mbrtowc</B>()
returns
<I>(size_t)&nbsp;-2</I>.
This can happen even if
<I>n</I>
&gt;=
<I>MB_CUR_MAX</I>,
if the multibyte string contains redundant shift
sequences.
<P>
If the multibyte string starting at
<I>s</I>
contains an invalid multibyte
sequence before the next complete character,
<B>mbrtowc</B>()
returns
<I>(size_t)&nbsp;-1</I>
and sets
<I>errno</I>
to
<B>EILSEQ</B>.
In this case,
the effects on
<I>*ps</I>
are undefined.
<P>
A different case is when
<I>s</I>
is not NULL but
<I>pwc</I>
is NULL.
In this case, the
<B>mbrtowc</B>()
function behaves as above, except that it does not
store the converted wide character in memory.
<P>
A third case is when
<I>s</I>
is NULL.
In this case,
<I>pwc</I>
and
<I>n</I>
are
ignored.
If the conversion state represented by
<I>*ps</I>
denotes an
incomplete multibyte character conversion, the
<B>mbrtowc</B>()
function
returns
<I>(size_t)&nbsp;-1</I>,
sets
<I>errno</I>
to
<B>EILSEQ</B>,
and
leaves
<I>*ps</I>
in an undefined state.
Otherwise, the
<B>mbrtowc</B>()
function
puts
<I>*ps</I>
in the initial state and returns 0.
<P>
In all of the above cases, if
<I>ps</I>
is NULL, a static anonymous
state known only to the
<B>mbrtowc</B>()
function is used instead.
Otherwise,
<I>*ps</I>
must be a valid
<I>mbstate_t</I>
object.
An
<I>mbstate_t</I>
object
<I>a</I>
can be initialized to the initial state
by zeroing it, for example using
<P>
memset(&amp;a, 0, sizeof(a));
<A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2>
The
<B>mbrtowc</B>()
function returns the number of bytes parsed from the
multibyte sequence starting at
<I>s</I>,
if a non-L'\0' wide character
was recognized.
It returns 0, if a L'\0' wide character was recognized.
It returns
<I>(size_t)&nbsp;-1</I>
and sets
<I>errno</I>
to
<B>EILSEQ</B>,
if an invalid multibyte sequence was
encountered.
It returns
<I>(size_t)&nbsp;-2</I>
if it couldn't parse a complete multibyte
character, meaning that
<I>n</I>
should be increased.
<A NAME="lbAF">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>ATTRIBUTES</H2>
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+attributes">attributes</A></B>(7).
<TABLE BORDER>
<TR VALIGN=top><TD><B>Interface</B></TD><TD><B>Attribute</B></TD><TD><B>Value</B><BR></TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
<B>mbrtowc</B>()
</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>MT-Unsafe race:mbrtowc/!ps<BR></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<A NAME="lbAG">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>CONFORMING TO</H2>
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C99.
<A NAME="lbAH">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>NOTES</H2>
The behavior of
<B>mbrtowc</B>()
depends on the
<B>LC_CTYPE</B>
category of the
current locale.
<A NAME="lbAI">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+mbsinit">mbsinit</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+mbsrtowcs">mbsrtowcs</A></B>(3)
<A NAME="lbAJ">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>COLOPHON</H2>
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux
<I>man-pages</I>
project.
A description of the project,
information about reporting bugs,
and the latest version of this page,
can be found at
<A HREF="https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.">https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.</A>
<P>
<HR>
<A NAME="index">&nbsp;</A><H2>Index</H2>
<DL>
<DT id="1"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
<DT id="2"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
<DT id="3"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
<DT id="4"><A HREF="#lbAE">RETURN VALUE</A><DD>
<DT id="5"><A HREF="#lbAF">ATTRIBUTES</A><DD>
<DT id="6"><A HREF="#lbAG">CONFORMING TO</A><DD>
<DT id="7"><A HREF="#lbAH">NOTES</A><DD>
<DT id="8"><A HREF="#lbAI">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
<DT id="9"><A HREF="#lbAJ">COLOPHON</A><DD>
</DL>
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