593 lines
31 KiB
HTML
593 lines
31 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of PCRESYNTAX</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>PCRESYNTAX</H1>
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Section: C Library Functions (3)<BR>Updated: 08 January 2014<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
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PCRE - Perl-compatible regular expressions
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>PCRE REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX SUMMARY</H2>
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<P>
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The full syntax and semantics of the regular expressions that are supported by
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PCRE are described in the
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<B>pcrepattern</B>
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documentation. This document contains a quick-reference summary of the syntax.
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>QUOTING</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> \x where x is non-alphanumeric is a literal x
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<BR> \Q...\E treat enclosed characters as literal
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>CHARACTERS</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> \a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
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<BR> \cx "control-x", where x is any ASCII character
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<BR> \e escape (hex 1B)
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<BR> \f form feed (hex 0C)
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<BR> \n newline (hex 0A)
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<BR> \r carriage return (hex 0D)
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<BR> \t tab (hex 09)
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<BR> \0dd character with octal code 0dd
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<BR> \ddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
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<BR> \o{ddd..} character with octal code ddd..
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<BR> \xhh character with hex code hh
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<BR> \x{hhh..} character with hex code hhh..
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<P>
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Note that \0dd is always an octal code, and that \8 and \9 are the literal
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characters "8" and "9".
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>CHARACTER TYPES</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> . any character except newline;
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<BR> in dotall mode, any character whatsoever
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<BR> \C one data unit, even in UTF mode (best avoided)
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<BR> \d a decimal digit
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<BR> \D a character that is not a decimal digit
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<BR> \h a horizontal white space character
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<BR> \H a character that is not a horizontal white space character
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<BR> \N a character that is not a newline
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<BR> \p{<I>xx</I>} a character with the <I>xx</I> property
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<BR> \P{<I>xx</I>} a character without the <I>xx</I> property
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<BR> \R a newline sequence
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<BR> \s a white space character
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<BR> \S a character that is not a white space character
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<BR> \v a vertical white space character
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<BR> \V a character that is not a vertical white space character
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<BR> \w a "word" character
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<BR> \W a "non-word" character
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<BR> \X a Unicode extended grapheme cluster
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<P>
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By default, \d, \s, and \w match only ASCII characters, even in UTF-8 mode
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or in the 16- bit and 32-bit libraries. However, if locale-specific matching is
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happening, \s and \w may also match characters with code points in the range
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128-255. If the PCRE_UCP option is set, the behaviour of these escape sequences
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is changed to use Unicode properties and they match many more characters.
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
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<H2>GENERAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> C Other
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<BR> Cc Control
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<BR> Cf Format
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<BR> Cn Unassigned
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<BR> Co Private use
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<BR> Cs Surrogate
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<P>
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<BR> L Letter
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<BR> Ll Lower case letter
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<BR> Lm Modifier letter
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<BR> Lo Other letter
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<BR> Lt Title case letter
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<BR> Lu Upper case letter
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<BR> L& Ll, Lu, or Lt
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<P>
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<BR> M Mark
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<BR> Mc Spacing mark
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<BR> Me Enclosing mark
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<BR> Mn Non-spacing mark
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<P>
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<BR> N Number
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<BR> Nd Decimal number
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<BR> Nl Letter number
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<BR> No Other number
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<P>
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<BR> P Punctuation
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<BR> Pc Connector punctuation
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<BR> Pd Dash punctuation
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<BR> Pe Close punctuation
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<BR> Pf Final punctuation
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<BR> Pi Initial punctuation
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<BR> Po Other punctuation
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<BR> Ps Open punctuation
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<P>
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<BR> S Symbol
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<BR> Sc Currency symbol
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<BR> Sk Modifier symbol
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<BR> Sm Mathematical symbol
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<BR> So Other symbol
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<P>
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<BR> Z Separator
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<BR> Zl Line separator
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<BR> Zp Paragraph separator
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<BR> Zs Space separator
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<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
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<H2>PCRE SPECIAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> Xan Alphanumeric: union of properties L and N
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<BR> Xps POSIX space: property Z or tab, NL, VT, FF, CR
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<BR> Xsp Perl space: property Z or tab, NL, VT, FF, CR
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<BR> Xuc Univerally-named character: one that can be
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<BR> represented by a Universal Character Name
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<BR> Xwd Perl word: property Xan or underscore
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<P>
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Perl and POSIX space are now the same. Perl added VT to its space character set
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at release 5.18 and PCRE changed at release 8.34.
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<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
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<H2>SCRIPT NAMES FOR \p AND \P</H2>
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<P>
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Arabic,
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Armenian,
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Avestan,
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Balinese,
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Bamum,
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Bassa_Vah,
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Batak,
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Bengali,
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Bopomofo,
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Brahmi,
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Braille,
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Buginese,
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Buhid,
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Canadian_Aboriginal,
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Carian,
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Caucasian_Albanian,
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Chakma,
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Cham,
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Cherokee,
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Common,
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Coptic,
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Cuneiform,
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Cypriot,
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Cyrillic,
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Deseret,
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Devanagari,
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Duployan,
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Egyptian_Hieroglyphs,
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Elbasan,
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Ethiopic,
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Georgian,
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Glagolitic,
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Gothic,
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Grantha,
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Greek,
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Gujarati,
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Gurmukhi,
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Han,
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Hangul,
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Hanunoo,
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Hebrew,
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Hiragana,
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Imperial_Aramaic,
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Inherited,
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Inscriptional_Pahlavi,
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Inscriptional_Parthian,
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Javanese,
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Kaithi,
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Kannada,
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Katakana,
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Kayah_Li,
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Kharoshthi,
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Khmer,
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Khojki,
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Khudawadi,
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Lao,
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Latin,
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Lepcha,
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Limbu,
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Linear_A,
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Linear_B,
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Lisu,
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Lycian,
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Lydian,
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Mahajani,
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Malayalam,
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Mandaic,
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Manichaean,
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Meetei_Mayek,
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Mende_Kikakui,
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Meroitic_Cursive,
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Meroitic_Hieroglyphs,
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Miao,
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Modi,
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Mongolian,
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Mro,
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Myanmar,
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Nabataean,
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New_Tai_Lue,
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Nko,
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Ogham,
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Ol_Chiki,
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Old_Italic,
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Old_North_Arabian,
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Old_Permic,
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Old_Persian,
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Old_South_Arabian,
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Old_Turkic,
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Oriya,
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Osmanya,
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Pahawh_Hmong,
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Palmyrene,
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Pau_Cin_Hau,
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Phags_Pa,
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Phoenician,
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Psalter_Pahlavi,
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Rejang,
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Runic,
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Samaritan,
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Saurashtra,
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Sharada,
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Shavian,
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Siddham,
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Sinhala,
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Sora_Sompeng,
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Sundanese,
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Syloti_Nagri,
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Syriac,
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Tagalog,
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Tagbanwa,
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Tai_Le,
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Tai_Tham,
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Tai_Viet,
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Takri,
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Tamil,
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Telugu,
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Thaana,
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Thai,
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Tibetan,
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Tifinagh,
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Tirhuta,
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Ugaritic,
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Vai,
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Warang_Citi,
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Yi.
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<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A>
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<H2>CHARACTER CLASSES</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> [...] positive character class
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<BR> [^...] negative character class
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<BR> [x-y] range (can be used for hex characters)
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<BR> [[:xxx:]] positive POSIX named set
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<BR> [[:^xxx:]] negative POSIX named set
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<P>
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<BR> alnum alphanumeric
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<BR> alpha alphabetic
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<BR> ascii 0-127
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<BR> blank space or tab
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<BR> cntrl control character
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<BR> digit decimal digit
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<BR> graph printing, excluding space
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<BR> lower lower case letter
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<BR> print printing, including space
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<BR> punct printing, excluding alphanumeric
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<BR> space white space
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<BR> upper upper case letter
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<BR> word same as \w
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<BR> xdigit hexadecimal digit
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<P>
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In PCRE, POSIX character set names recognize only ASCII characters by default,
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but some of them use Unicode properties if PCRE_UCP is set. You can use
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\Q...\E inside a character class.
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<A NAME="lbAK"> </A>
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<H2>QUANTIFIERS</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> ? 0 or 1, greedy
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<BR> ?+ 0 or 1, possessive
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<BR> ?? 0 or 1, lazy
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<BR> * 0 or more, greedy
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<BR> *+ 0 or more, possessive
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<BR> *? 0 or more, lazy
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<BR> + 1 or more, greedy
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<BR> ++ 1 or more, possessive
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<BR> +? 1 or more, lazy
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<BR> {n} exactly n
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<BR> {n,m} at least n, no more than m, greedy
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<BR> {n,m}+ at least n, no more than m, possessive
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<BR> {n,m}? at least n, no more than m, lazy
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<BR> {n,} n or more, greedy
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<BR> {n,}+ n or more, possessive
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<BR> {n,}? n or more, lazy
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<A NAME="lbAL"> </A>
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<H2>ANCHORS AND SIMPLE ASSERTIONS</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> \b word boundary
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<BR> \B not a word boundary
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<BR> ^ start of subject
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<BR> also after internal newline in multiline mode
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<BR> \A start of subject
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<BR> $ end of subject
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<BR> also before newline at end of subject
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<BR> also before internal newline in multiline mode
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<BR> \Z end of subject
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<BR> also before newline at end of subject
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<BR> \z end of subject
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<BR> \G first matching position in subject
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<A NAME="lbAM"> </A>
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<H2>MATCH POINT RESET</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> \K reset start of match
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<P>
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\K is honoured in positive assertions, but ignored in negative ones.
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<A NAME="lbAN"> </A>
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<H2>ALTERNATION</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> expr|expr|expr...
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<A NAME="lbAO"> </A>
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<H2>CAPTURING</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> (...) capturing group
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<BR> (?<name>...) named capturing group (Perl)
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<BR> (?'name'...) named capturing group (Perl)
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<BR> (?P<name>...) named capturing group (Python)
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<BR> (?:...) non-capturing group
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<BR> (?|...) non-capturing group; reset group numbers for
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<BR> capturing groups in each alternative
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<A NAME="lbAP"> </A>
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<H2>ATOMIC GROUPS</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> (?>...) atomic, non-capturing group
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<A NAME="lbAQ"> </A>
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<H2>COMMENT</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> (?#....) comment (not nestable)
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<A NAME="lbAR"> </A>
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<H2>OPTION SETTING</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> (?i) caseless
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<BR> (?J) allow duplicate names
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<BR> (?m) multiline
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<BR> (?s) single line (dotall)
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<BR> (?U) default ungreedy (lazy)
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<BR> (?x) extended (ignore white space)
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<BR> (?-...) unset option(s)
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<P>
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The following are recognized only at the very start of a pattern or after one
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of the newline or \R options with similar syntax. More than one of them may
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appear.
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<P>
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<BR> (*LIMIT_MATCH=d) set the match limit to d (decimal number)
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<BR> (*LIMIT_RECURSION=d) set the recursion limit to d (decimal number)
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<BR> (*NO_AUTO_POSSESS) no auto-possessification (PCRE_NO_AUTO_POSSESS)
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<BR> (*NO_START_OPT) no start-match optimization (PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE)
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<BR> (*UTF8) set UTF-8 mode: 8-bit library (PCRE_UTF8)
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<BR> (*UTF16) set UTF-16 mode: 16-bit library (PCRE_UTF16)
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<BR> (*UTF32) set UTF-32 mode: 32-bit library (PCRE_UTF32)
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<BR> (*UTF) set appropriate UTF mode for the library in use
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<BR> (*UCP) set PCRE_UCP (use Unicode properties for \d etc)
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<P>
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Note that LIMIT_MATCH and LIMIT_RECURSION can only reduce the value of the
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limits set by the caller of pcre_exec(), not increase them.
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<A NAME="lbAS"> </A>
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<H2>NEWLINE CONVENTION</H2>
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<P>
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These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after option
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settings with a similar syntax.
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<P>
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<BR> (*CR) carriage return only
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<BR> (*LF) linefeed only
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<BR> (*CRLF) carriage return followed by linefeed
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<BR> (*ANYCRLF) all three of the above
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<BR> (*ANY) any Unicode newline sequence
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<A NAME="lbAT"> </A>
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<H2>WHAT \R MATCHES</H2>
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<P>
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These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after option
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setting with a similar syntax.
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<P>
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<BR> (*BSR_ANYCRLF) CR, LF, or CRLF
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<BR> (*BSR_UNICODE) any Unicode newline sequence
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<A NAME="lbAU"> </A>
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<H2>LOOKAHEAD AND LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> (?=...) positive look ahead
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<BR> (?!...) negative look ahead
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<BR> (?<=...) positive look behind
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<BR> (?<!...) negative look behind
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<P>
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Each top-level branch of a look behind must be of a fixed length.
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<A NAME="lbAV"> </A>
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<H2>BACKREFERENCES</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> \n reference by number (can be ambiguous)
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<BR> \gn reference by number
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<BR> \g{n} reference by number
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<BR> \g{-n} relative reference by number
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<BR> \k<name> reference by name (Perl)
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<BR> \k'name' reference by name (Perl)
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<BR> \g{name} reference by name (Perl)
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<BR> \k{name} reference by name (.NET)
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<BR> (?P=name) reference by name (Python)
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<A NAME="lbAW"> </A>
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<H2>SUBROUTINE REFERENCES (POSSIBLY RECURSIVE)</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> (?R) recurse whole pattern
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<BR> (?n) call subpattern by absolute number
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<BR> (?+n) call subpattern by relative number
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<BR> (?-n) call subpattern by relative number
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<BR> (?&name) call subpattern by name (Perl)
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<BR> (?P>name) call subpattern by name (Python)
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<BR> \g<name> call subpattern by name (Oniguruma)
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<BR> \g'name' call subpattern by name (Oniguruma)
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<BR> \g<n> call subpattern by absolute number (Oniguruma)
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<BR> \g'n' call subpattern by absolute number (Oniguruma)
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<BR> \g<+n> call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension)
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<BR> \g'+n' call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension)
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<BR> \g<-n> call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension)
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<BR> \g'-n' call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension)
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<A NAME="lbAX"> </A>
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<H2>CONDITIONAL PATTERNS</H2>
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<P>
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<BR> (?(condition)yes-pattern)
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<BR> (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)
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<P>
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<BR> (?(n)... absolute reference condition
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<BR> (?(+n)... relative reference condition
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<BR> (?(-n)... relative reference condition
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<BR> (?(<name>)... named reference condition (Perl)
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<BR> (?('name')... named reference condition (Perl)
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<BR> (?(name)... named reference condition (PCRE)
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<BR> (?(R)... overall recursion condition
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<BR> (?(Rn)... specific group recursion condition
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<BR> (?(R&name)... specific recursion condition
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<BR> (?(DEFINE)... define subpattern for reference
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<BR> (?(assert)... assertion condition
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<A NAME="lbAY"> </A>
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<H2>BACKTRACKING CONTROL</H2>
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<P>
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The following act immediately they are reached:
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<P>
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<BR> (*ACCEPT) force successful match
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<BR> (*FAIL) force backtrack; synonym (*F)
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<BR> (*MARK:NAME) set name to be passed back; synonym (*:NAME)
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<P>
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The following act only when a subsequent match failure causes a backtrack to
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reach them. They all force a match failure, but they differ in what happens
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|
afterwards. Those that advance the start-of-match point do so only if the
|
|
pattern is not anchored.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BR> (*COMMIT) overall failure, no advance of starting point
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|
<BR> (*PRUNE) advance to next starting character
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|
<BR> (*PRUNE:NAME) equivalent to (*MARK:NAME)(*PRUNE)
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|
<BR> (*SKIP) advance to current matching position
|
|
<BR> (*SKIP:NAME) advance to position corresponding to an earlier
|
|
<BR> (*MARK:NAME); if not found, the (*SKIP) is ignored
|
|
<BR> (*THEN) local failure, backtrack to next alternation
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|
<BR> (*THEN:NAME) equivalent to (*MARK:NAME)(*THEN)
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<A NAME="lbAZ"> </A>
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|
<H2>CALLOUTS</H2>
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|
|
|
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|
<P>
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|
<BR> (?C) callout
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|
<BR> (?Cn) callout with data n
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<A NAME="lbBA"> </A>
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|
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
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|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+pcrepattern">pcrepattern</A></B>(3), <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+pcreapi">pcreapi</A></B>(3), <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+pcrecallout">pcrecallout</A></B>(3),
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|
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+pcrematching">pcrematching</A></B>(3), <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+pcre">pcre</A></B>(3).
|
|
<A NAME="lbBB"> </A>
|
|
<H2>AUTHOR</H2>
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|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Philip Hazel
|
|
University Computing Service
|
|
Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
|
|
</PRE>
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|
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<A NAME="lbBC"> </A>
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|
<H2>REVISION</H2>
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|
|
|
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<P>
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<PRE>
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|
Last updated: 08 January 2014
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|
Copyright (c) 1997-2014 University of Cambridge.
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
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<DL>
|
|
<DT id="1"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="2"><A HREF="#lbAC">PCRE REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX SUMMARY</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="3"><A HREF="#lbAD">QUOTING</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="4"><A HREF="#lbAE">CHARACTERS</A><DD>
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|
<DT id="5"><A HREF="#lbAF">CHARACTER TYPES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="6"><A HREF="#lbAG">GENERAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="7"><A HREF="#lbAH">PCRE SPECIAL CATEGORY PROPERTIES FOR \p and \P</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="8"><A HREF="#lbAI">SCRIPT NAMES FOR \p AND \P</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="9"><A HREF="#lbAJ">CHARACTER CLASSES</A><DD>
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|
<DT id="10"><A HREF="#lbAK">QUANTIFIERS</A><DD>
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|
<DT id="11"><A HREF="#lbAL">ANCHORS AND SIMPLE ASSERTIONS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="12"><A HREF="#lbAM">MATCH POINT RESET</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="13"><A HREF="#lbAN">ALTERNATION</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="14"><A HREF="#lbAO">CAPTURING</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="15"><A HREF="#lbAP">ATOMIC GROUPS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="16"><A HREF="#lbAQ">COMMENT</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="17"><A HREF="#lbAR">OPTION SETTING</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="18"><A HREF="#lbAS">NEWLINE CONVENTION</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="19"><A HREF="#lbAT">WHAT \R MATCHES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="20"><A HREF="#lbAU">LOOKAHEAD AND LOOKBEHIND ASSERTIONS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="21"><A HREF="#lbAV">BACKREFERENCES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="22"><A HREF="#lbAW">SUBROUTINE REFERENCES (POSSIBLY RECURSIVE)</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="23"><A HREF="#lbAX">CONDITIONAL PATTERNS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="24"><A HREF="#lbAY">BACKTRACKING CONTROL</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="25"><A HREF="#lbAZ">CALLOUTS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="26"><A HREF="#lbBA">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="27"><A HREF="#lbBB">AUTHOR</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="28"><A HREF="#lbBC">REVISION</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
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<HR>
|
|
This document was created by
|
|
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
|
|
using the manual pages.<BR>
|
|
Time: 00:05:52 GMT, March 31, 2021
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