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<H1>PUTENV</H1>
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (3)<BR>Updated: 2019-03-06<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
<A NAME="lbAB">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>NAME</H2>
putenv - change or add an environment variable
<A NAME="lbAC">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
<PRE>
<B>#include &lt;<A HREF="file:///usr/include/stdlib.h">stdlib.h</A>&gt;</B>
<B>int putenv(char *</B><I>string</I><B>);</B>
</PRE>
<P>
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+feature_test_macros">feature_test_macros</A></B>(7)):
<P>
<B>putenv</B>():
_XOPEN_SOURCE
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;||&nbsp;/*&nbsp;Glibc&nbsp;since&nbsp;2.19:&nbsp;*/&nbsp;_DEFAULT_SOURCE
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;||&nbsp;/*&nbsp;Glibc&nbsp;versions&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;2.19:&nbsp;*/&nbsp;_SVID_SOURCE
<A NAME="lbAD">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
The
<B>putenv</B>()
function adds or changes the value of environment
variables.
The argument <I>string</I> is of the form <I>name</I>=<I>value</I>.
If <I>name</I> does not already exist in the environment, then
<I>string</I> is added to the environment.
If <I>name</I> does exist,
then the value of <I>name</I> in the environment is changed to
<I>value</I>.
The string pointed to by <I>string</I> becomes part of the environment,
so altering the string changes the environment.
<A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2>
The
<B>putenv</B>()
function returns zero on success,
or nonzero if an error occurs.
In the event of an error,
<I>errno</I>
is set to indicate the cause.
<A NAME="lbAF">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>ERRORS</H2>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT id="1"><B>ENOMEM</B>
<DD>
Insufficient space to allocate new environment.
</DL>
<A NAME="lbAG">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>ATTRIBUTES</H2>
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+attributes">attributes</A></B>(7).
<TABLE BORDER>
<TR VALIGN=top><TD><B>Interface</B></TD><TD><B>Attribute</B></TD><TD><B>Value</B><BR></TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
<B>putenv</B>()
</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>MT-Unsafe const:env<BR></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<A NAME="lbAH">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>CONFORMING TO</H2>
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
<A NAME="lbAI">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>NOTES</H2>
The
<B>putenv</B>()
function is not required to be reentrant, and the
one in glibc 2.0 is not, but the glibc 2.1 version is.
<P>
Since version 2.1.2, the glibc implementation conforms to SUSv2:
the pointer <I>string</I> given to
<B>putenv</B>()
is used.
In particular, this string becomes part of the environment;
changing it later will change the environment.
(Thus, it is an error to call
<B>putenv</B>()
with an automatic variable
as the argument, then return from the calling function while <I>string</I>
is still part of the environment.)
However, glibc versions 2.0 to 2.1.1 differ: a copy of the string is used.
On the one hand this causes a memory leak, and on the other hand
it violates SUSv2.
<P>
The 4.4BSD version, like glibc 2.0, uses a copy.
<P>
SUSv2 removes the <I>const</I> from the prototype, and so does glibc 2.1.3.
<P>
The GNU C library implementation provides a nonstandard extension.
If
<I>string</I>
does not include an equal sign:
<P>
putenv(&quot;NAME&quot;);
<P>
then the named variable is removed from the caller's environment.
<A NAME="lbAJ">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+clearenv">clearenv</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+getenv">getenv</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+setenv">setenv</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+unsetenv">unsetenv</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+environ">environ</A></B>(7)
<A NAME="lbAK">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>COLOPHON</H2>
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux
<I>man-pages</I>
project.
A description of the project,
information about reporting bugs,
and the latest version of this page,
can be found at
<A HREF="https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.">https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.</A>
<P>
<HR>
<A NAME="index">&nbsp;</A><H2>Index</H2>
<DL>
<DT id="2"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
<DT id="3"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
<DT id="4"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
<DT id="5"><A HREF="#lbAE">RETURN VALUE</A><DD>
<DT id="6"><A HREF="#lbAF">ERRORS</A><DD>
<DT id="7"><A HREF="#lbAG">ATTRIBUTES</A><DD>
<DT id="8"><A HREF="#lbAH">CONFORMING TO</A><DD>
<DT id="9"><A HREF="#lbAI">NOTES</A><DD>
<DT id="10"><A HREF="#lbAJ">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
<DT id="11"><A HREF="#lbAK">COLOPHON</A><DD>
</DL>
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