man-pages/man3/random_r.3.html
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<H1>RANDOM_R</H1>
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (3)<BR>Updated: 2017-09-15<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
<A NAME="lbAB">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>NAME</H2>
random_r, srandom_r, initstate_r, setstate_r - reentrant
random number generator
<A NAME="lbAC">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
<PRE>
<B>#include &lt;<A HREF="file:///usr/include/stdlib.h">stdlib.h</A>&gt;</B>
<B>int random_r(struct random_data *</B><I>buf</I><B>, int32_t *</B><I>result</I><B>);</B>
<B>int srandom_r(unsigned int </B><I>seed</I><B>, struct random_data *</B><I>buf</I><B>);</B>
<B>int initstate_r(unsigned int </B><I>seed</I><B>, char *</B><I>statebuf</I><B>,</B>
<B> size_t </B><I>statelen</I><B>, struct random_data *</B><I>buf</I><B>);</B>
<B>int setstate_r(char *</B><I>statebuf</I><B>, struct random_data *</B><I>buf</I><B>);</B>
</PRE>
<P>
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+feature_test_macros">feature_test_macros</A></B>(7)):
<P>
<B>random_r</B>(),
<B>srandom_r</B>(),
<B>initstate_r</B>(),
<B>setstate_r</B>():
<DL COMPACT><DT id="1"><DD>
/* Glibc since 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;||&nbsp;/*&nbsp;Glibc&nbsp;versions&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;2.19:&nbsp;*/&nbsp;_SVID_SOURCE&nbsp;||&nbsp;_BSD_SOURCE
</DL>
<A NAME="lbAD">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
These functions are the reentrant equivalents
of the functions described in
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+random">random</A></B>(3).
They are suitable for use in multithreaded programs where each thread
needs to obtain an independent, reproducible sequence of random numbers.
<P>
The
<B>random_r</B>()
function is like
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+random">random</A></B>(3),
except that instead of using state information maintained
in a global variable,
it uses the state information in the argument pointed to by
<I>buf</I>,
which must have been previously initialized by
<B>initstate_r</B>().
The generated random number is returned in the argument
<I>result</I>.
<P>
The
<B>srandom_r</B>()
function is like
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+srandom">srandom</A></B>(3),
except that it initializes the seed for the random number generator
whose state is maintained in the object pointed to by
<I>buf</I>,
which must have been previously initialized by
<B>initstate_r</B>(),
instead of the seed associated with the global state variable.
<P>
The
<B>initstate_r</B>()
function is like
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+initstate">initstate</A></B>(3)
except that it initializes the state in the object pointed to by
<I>buf</I>,
rather than initializing the global state variable.
Before calling this function, the
<I>buf.state</I>
field must be initialized to NULL.
The
<B>initstate_r</B>()
function records a pointer to the
<I>statebuf</I>
argument inside the structure pointed to by
<I>buf</I>.
Thus,
<I>statebuf</I>
should not be deallocated so long as
<I>buf</I>
is still in use.
(So,
<I>statebuf</I>
should typically be allocated as a static variable,
or allocated on the heap using
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+malloc">malloc</A></B>(3)
or similar.)
<P>
The
<B>setstate_r</B>()
function is like
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+setstate">setstate</A></B>(3)
except that it modifies the state in the object pointed to by
<I>buf</I>,
rather than modifying the global state variable.
<I>state</I> must first have been initialized
using
<B>initstate_r</B>()
or be the result of a previous call of
<B>setstate_r</B>().
<A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2>
All of these functions return 0 on success.
On error, -1 is returned, with
<I>errno</I>
set to indicate the cause of the error.
<A NAME="lbAF">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>ERRORS</H2>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT id="2"><B>EINVAL</B>
<DD>
A state array of less than 8 bytes was specified to
<B>initstate_r</B>().
<DT id="3"><B>EINVAL</B>
<DD>
The
<I>statebuf</I>
or
<I>buf</I>
argument to
<B>setstate_r</B>()
was NULL.
<DT id="4"><B>EINVAL</B>
<DD>
The
<I>buf</I>
or
<I>result</I>
argument to
<B>random_r</B>()
was NULL.
</DL>
<A NAME="lbAG">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>ATTRIBUTES</H2>
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+attributes">attributes</A></B>(7).
<TABLE BORDER>
<TR VALIGN=top><TD><B>Interface</B></TD><TD><B>Attribute</B></TD><TD><B>Value</B><BR></TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
<B>random_r</B>(),
<B>srandom_r</B>(),
<BR>
<B>initstate_r</B>(),
<B>setstate_r</B>()
</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>MT-Safe race:buf<BR></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<A NAME="lbAH">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>CONFORMING TO</H2>
These functions are nonstandard glibc extensions.
<A NAME="lbAI">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>BUGS</H2>
The
<B>initstate_r</B>()
interface is confusing.
It appears that the
<I>random_data</I>
type is intended to be opaque,
but the implementation requires the user to either initialize the
<I>buf.state</I>
field to NULL or zero out the entire structure before the call.
<A NAME="lbAJ">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+drand48">drand48</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+rand">rand</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+random">random</A></B>(3)
<A NAME="lbAK">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>COLOPHON</H2>
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux
<I>man-pages</I>
project.
A description of the project,
information about reporting bugs,
and the latest version of this page,
can be found at
<A HREF="https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.">https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.</A>
<P>
<HR>
<A NAME="index">&nbsp;</A><H2>Index</H2>
<DL>
<DT id="5"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
<DT id="6"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
<DT id="7"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
<DT id="8"><A HREF="#lbAE">RETURN VALUE</A><DD>
<DT id="9"><A HREF="#lbAF">ERRORS</A><DD>
<DT id="10"><A HREF="#lbAG">ATTRIBUTES</A><DD>
<DT id="11"><A HREF="#lbAH">CONFORMING TO</A><DD>
<DT id="12"><A HREF="#lbAI">BUGS</A><DD>
<DT id="13"><A HREF="#lbAJ">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
<DT id="14"><A HREF="#lbAK">COLOPHON</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
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Time: 00:05:54 GMT, March 31, 2021
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