man-pages/man3/strerror.3.html
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<H1>STRERROR</H1>
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (3)<BR>Updated: 2019-03-06<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
<A NAME="lbAB">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>NAME</H2>
strerror, strerror_r, strerror_l - return string describing error number
<A NAME="lbAC">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
<PRE>
<B>#include &lt;<A HREF="file:///usr/include/string.h">string.h</A>&gt;</B>
<B>char *strerror(int </B><I>errnum</I><B>);</B>
<B>int strerror_r(int </B><I>errnum</I><B>, char *</B><I>buf</I><B>, size_t </B><I>buflen</I><B>);</B>
/* XSI-compliant */
<B>char *strerror_r(int </B><I>errnum</I><B>, char *</B><I>buf</I><B>, size_t </B><I>buflen</I><B>);</B>
/* GNU-specific */
<B>char *strerror_l(int </B><I>errnum</I><B>, locale_t </B><I>locale</I><B>);</B>
</PRE>
<P>
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+feature_test_macros">feature_test_macros</A></B>(7)):
<P>
<B>strerror_r</B>():
<DL COMPACT><DT id="1"><DD>
The XSI-compliant version is provided if:
<BR>
(_POSIX_C_SOURCE&nbsp;&gt;=&nbsp;200112L) &amp;&amp; ! &nbsp;_GNU_SOURCE
<BR>
Otherwise, the GNU-specific version is provided.
</DL>
<A NAME="lbAD">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
The
<B>strerror</B>()
function returns a pointer to a string that describes the error
code passed in the argument
<I>errnum</I>,
possibly using the
<B>LC_MESSAGES</B>
part of the current locale to select the appropriate language.
(For example, if
<I>errnum</I>
is
<B>EINVAL</B>,
the returned description will be &quot;Invalid argument&quot;.)
This string must not be modified by the application, but may be
modified by a subsequent call to
<B>strerror</B>()
or
<B>strerror_l</B>().
No other library function, including
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+perror">perror</A></B>(3),
will modify this string.
<A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
<H3>strerror_r()</H3>
The
<B>strerror_r</B>()
function is similar to
<B>strerror</B>(),
but is
thread safe.
This function is available in two versions:
an XSI-compliant version specified in POSIX.1-2001
(available since glibc 2.3.4, but not POSIX-compliant until glibc 2.13),
and a GNU-specific version (available since glibc 2.0).
The XSI-compliant version is provided with the feature test macros
settings shown in the SYNOPSIS;
otherwise the GNU-specific version is provided.
If no feature test macros are explicitly defined,
then (since glibc 2.4)
<B>_POSIX_C_SOURCE</B>
is defined by default with the value
200112L, so that the XSI-compliant version of
<B>strerror_r</B>()
is provided by default.
<P>
The XSI-compliant
<B>strerror_r</B>()
is preferred for portable applications.
It returns the error string in the user-supplied buffer
<I>buf</I>
of length
<I>buflen</I>.
<P>
The GNU-specific
<B>strerror_r</B>()
returns a pointer to a string containing the error message.
This may be either a pointer to a string that the function stores in
<I>buf</I>,
or a pointer to some (immutable) static string
(in which case
<I>buf</I>
is unused).
If the function stores a string in
<I>buf</I>,
then at most
<I>buflen</I>
bytes are stored (the string may be truncated if
<I>buflen</I>
is too small and
<I>errnum</I>
is unknown).
The string always includes a terminating null byte ('\0').
<A NAME="lbAF">&nbsp;</A>
<H3>strerror_l()</H3>
<B>strerror_l</B>()
is like
<B>strerror</B>(),
but maps
<I>errnum</I>
to a locale-dependent error message in the locale specified by
<I>locale</I>.
The behavior of
<B>strerror_l</B>()
is undefined if
<I>locale</I>
is the special locale object
<B>LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE</B>
or is not a valid locale object handle.
<A NAME="lbAG">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>RETURN VALUE</H2>
The
<B>strerror</B>(),
<B>strerror_l</B>(),
and the GNU-specific
<B>strerror_r</B>()
functions return
the appropriate error description string,
or an &quot;Unknown error nnn&quot; message if the error number is unknown.
<P>
The XSI-compliant
<B>strerror_r</B>()
function returns 0 on success.
On error,
a (positive) error number is returned (since glibc 2.13),
or -1 is returned and
<I>errno</I>
is set to indicate the error (glibc versions before 2.13).
<P>
POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 require that a successful call to
<B>strerror</B>()
or
<B>strerror_l</B>()
shall leave
<I>errno</I>
unchanged, and note that,
since no function return value is reserved to indicate an error,
an application that wishes to check for errors should initialize
<I>errno</I>
to zero before the call,
and then check
<I>errno</I>
after the call.
<A NAME="lbAH">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>ERRORS</H2>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT id="2"><B>EINVAL</B>
<DD>
The value of
<I>errnum</I>
is not a valid error number.
<DT id="3"><B>ERANGE</B>
<DD>
Insufficient storage was supplied to contain the error description string.
</DL>
<A NAME="lbAI">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>VERSIONS</H2>
The
<B>strerror_l</B>()
function first appeared in glibc 2.6.
<A NAME="lbAJ">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>ATTRIBUTES</H2>
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+attributes">attributes</A></B>(7).
<TABLE BORDER>
<TR VALIGN=top><TD><B>Interface</B></TD><TD><B>Attribute</B></TD><TD><B>Value</B><BR></TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
<B>strerror</B>()
</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>MT-Unsafe race:strerror<BR></TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN=top><TD>
<B>strerror_r</B>(),
<BR>
<B>strerror_l</B>()
</TD><TD>Thread safety</TD><TD>MT-Safe<BR></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<A NAME="lbAK">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>CONFORMING TO</H2>
<B>strerror</B>()
is specified by POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, and C99.
<B>strerror_r</B>()
is specified by POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008.
<P>
<B>strerror_l</B>()
is specified in POSIX.1-2008.
<P>
The GNU-specific
<B>strerror_r</B>()
function is a nonstandard extension.
<P>
POSIX.1-2001 permits
<B>strerror</B>()
to set
<I>errno</I>
if the call encounters an error, but does not specify what
value should be returned as the function result in the event of an error.
On some systems,
<B>strerror</B>()
returns NULL if the error number is unknown.
On other systems,
<B>strerror</B>()
returns a string something like &quot;Error nnn occurred&quot; and sets
<I>errno</I>
to
<B>EINVAL</B>
if the error number is unknown.
C99 and POSIX.1-2008 require the return value to be non-NULL.
<A NAME="lbAL">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>NOTES</H2>
The GNU C Library uses a buffer of 1024 characters for
<B>strerror</B>().
This buffer size therefore should be sufficient to avoid an
<B>ERANGE</B>
error when calling
<B>strerror_r</B>().
<A NAME="lbAM">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+err">err</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+errno">errno</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+error">error</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+perror">perror</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+strsignal">strsignal</A></B>(3),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+locale">locale</A></B>(7)
<A NAME="lbAN">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>COLOPHON</H2>
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux
<I>man-pages</I>
project.
A description of the project,
information about reporting bugs,
and the latest version of this page,
can be found at
<A HREF="https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.">https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.</A>
<P>
<HR>
<A NAME="index">&nbsp;</A><H2>Index</H2>
<DL>
<DT id="4"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
<DT id="5"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
<DT id="6"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
<DL>
<DT id="7"><A HREF="#lbAE">strerror_r()</A><DD>
<DT id="8"><A HREF="#lbAF">strerror_l()</A><DD>
</DL>
<DT id="9"><A HREF="#lbAG">RETURN VALUE</A><DD>
<DT id="10"><A HREF="#lbAH">ERRORS</A><DD>
<DT id="11"><A HREF="#lbAI">VERSIONS</A><DD>
<DT id="12"><A HREF="#lbAJ">ATTRIBUTES</A><DD>
<DT id="13"><A HREF="#lbAK">CONFORMING TO</A><DD>
<DT id="14"><A HREF="#lbAL">NOTES</A><DD>
<DT id="15"><A HREF="#lbAM">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
<DT id="16"><A HREF="#lbAN">COLOPHON</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
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Time: 00:05:58 GMT, March 31, 2021
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