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<H1>MEM</H1>
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (4)<BR>Updated: 2015-01-02<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
<A NAME="lbAB">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>NAME</H2>
mem, kmem, port - system memory, kernel memory and system ports
<A NAME="lbAC">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
<I>/dev/mem</I>
is a character device file
that is an image of the main memory of the computer.
It may be used, for example, to examine (and even patch) the system.
<P>
Byte addresses in
<I>/dev/mem</I>
are interpreted as physical memory addresses.
References to nonexistent locations cause errors to be returned.
<P>
Examining and patching is likely to lead to unexpected results
when read-only or write-only bits are present.
<P>
Since Linux 2.6.26, and depending on the architecture, the
<B>CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM</B>
kernel configuration option limits the areas
which can be accessed through this file.
For example: on x86, RAM access is not allowed but accessing
memory-mapped PCI regions is.
<P>
It is typically created by:
<P>
mknod -m 660 /dev/mem c 1 1
chown root:kmem /dev/mem
<P>
The file
<I>/dev/kmem</I>
is the same as
<I>/dev/mem</I>,
except that the kernel virtual memory
rather than physical memory is accessed.
Since Linux 2.6.26, this file is available only if the
<B>CONFIG_DEVKMEM</B>
kernel configuration option is enabled.
<P>
It is typically created by:
<P>
mknod -m 640 /dev/kmem c 1 2
chown root:kmem /dev/kmem
<P>
<I>/dev/port</I>
is similar to
<I>/dev/mem</I>,
but the I/O ports are accessed.
<P>
It is typically created by:
<P>
mknod -m 660 /dev/port c 1 4
chown root:kmem /dev/port
<A NAME="lbAD">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>FILES</H2>
<I>/dev/mem</I>
<BR>
<I>/dev/kmem</I>
<BR>
<I>/dev/port</I>
<A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+chown">chown</A></B>(1),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+mknod">mknod</A></B>(1),
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?2+ioperm">ioperm</A></B>(2)
<A NAME="lbAF">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>COLOPHON</H2>
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux
<I>man-pages</I>
project.
A description of the project,
information about reporting bugs,
and the latest version of this page,
can be found at
<A HREF="https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.">https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.</A>
<P>
<HR>
<A NAME="index">&nbsp;</A><H2>Index</H2>
<DL>
<DT id="1"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
<DT id="2"><A HREF="#lbAC">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
<DT id="3"><A HREF="#lbAD">FILES</A><DD>
<DT id="4"><A HREF="#lbAE">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
<DT id="5"><A HREF="#lbAF">COLOPHON</A><DD>
</DL>
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