564 lines
21 KiB
HTML
564 lines
21 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of AGETTY</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>AGETTY</H1>
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Section: System Administration (8)<BR>Updated: February 2016<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>NAME</H2>
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agetty - alternative Linux getty
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
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<B>agetty</B>
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[options]
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<I>port</I> [<I>baud_rate</I>...] [<I>term</I>]
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
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<B>agetty</B> opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes
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the /bin/login command. It is normally invoked by <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+init">init</A></B>(8).
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<P>
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<B>agetty</B> has several <I>non-standard</I> features that are useful
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for hardwired and for dial-in lines:
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="1">•<DD>
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Adapts the tty settings to parity bits and to erase, kill,
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end-of-line and uppercase characters when it reads a login name.
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The program can handle 7-bit characters with even, odd, none or space
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parity, and 8-bit characters with no parity. The following special
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characters are recognized: Control-U (kill); DEL and
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backspace (erase); carriage return and line feed (end of line).
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See also the <B>--erase-chars</B> and <B>--kill-chars</B> options.
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<DT id="2">•<DD>
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Optionally deduces the baud rate from the CONNECT messages produced by
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Hayes(tm)-compatible modems.
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<DT id="3">•<DD>
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Optionally does not hang up when it is given an already opened line
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(useful for call-back applications).
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<DT id="4">•<DD>
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Optionally does not display the contents of the <I>/etc/issue</I> file.
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<DT id="5">•<DD>
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Optionally displays an alternative issue file or directory instead of <I>/etc/issue</I> or <I>/etc/issue.d</I>.
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<DT id="6">•<DD>
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Optionally does not ask for a login name.
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<DT id="7">•<DD>
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Optionally invokes a non-standard login program instead of
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<I>/bin/login</I>.
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<DT id="8">•<DD>
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Optionally turns on hardware flow control.
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<DT id="9">•<DD>
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Optionally forces the line to be local with no need for carrier detect.
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</DL>
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<P>
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This program does not use the <I>/etc/gettydefs</I> (System V) or
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<I>/etc/gettytab</I> (SunOS 4) files.
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>ARGUMENTS</H2>
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<PRE>
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</PRE>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="10"><I>port</I>
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<DD>
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A path name relative to the <I>/dev</I> directory. If a "-" is
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specified, <B>agetty</B> assumes that its standard input is
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already connected to a tty port and that a connection to a
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remote user has already been established.
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<P>
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Under System V, a "-" <I>port</I> argument should be preceded
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by a "--".
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<DT id="11"><I>baud_rate</I>,...
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<DD>
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A comma-separated list of one or more baud rates. Each time
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<B>agetty</B> receives a BREAK character it advances through
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the list, which is treated as if it were circular.
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<P>
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Baud rates should be specified in descending order, so that the
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null character (Ctrl-@) can also be used for baud-rate switching.
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<P>
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This argument is optional and unnecessary for <B>virtual terminals</B>.
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<P>
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The default for <B>serial terminals</B> is keep the current baud rate
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(see <B>--keep-baud</B>) and if unsuccessful then default to '9600'.
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<DT id="12"><I>term</I>
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<DD>
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The value to be used for the TERM environment variable. This overrides
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whatever <A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+init">init</A>(8) may have set, and is inherited by login and the shell.
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<P>
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The default is 'vt100', or 'linux' for Linux on a virtual terminal,
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or 'hurd' for GNU Hurd on a virtual terminal.
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
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<PRE>
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</PRE>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="13">-8, --8bits<DD>
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Assume that the tty is 8-bit clean, hence disable parity detection.
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<DT id="14">-a, --autologin <I>username</I><DD>
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Automatically log in the specified user without asking for a username or password.
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Using this option causes an <B>-f </B><I>username</I> option and argument to be
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added to the <B>/bin/login</B> command line. See <B>--login-options</B>, which
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can be used to modify this option's behavior.
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<P>
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Note that <B>--autologin</B> may affect the way how agetty initializes the
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serial line, because on auto-login agetty does not read from the line and it
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has no opportunity optimize the line setting.
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<DT id="15">-c, --noreset<DD>
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Do not reset terminal cflags (control modes). See <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+termios">termios</A></B>(3) for more
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details.
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<DT id="16">-E, --remote<DD>
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Typically the <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+login">login</A></B>(1) command is given a remote hostname when
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called by something such as <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+telnetd">telnetd</A></B>(8). This option allows <B>agetty</B>
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to pass what it is using for a hostname to <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+login">login</A></B>(1) for use
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in <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+utmp">utmp</A></B>(5). See <B>--host</B>, <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+login">login</A></B>(1), and <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+utmp">utmp</A></B>(5).
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<DT id="17"><DD>
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If the <B>--host</B> <I>fakehost</I> option is given, then an <B>-h</B>
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<I>fakehost</I> option and argument are added to the <B>/bin/login</B>
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command line.
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<DT id="18"><DD>
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If the <B>--nohostname</B> option is given, then an <B>-H</B> option
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is added to the <B>/bin/login</B> command line.
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<DT id="19"><DD>
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See <B>--login-options</B>.
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<DT id="20">-f, --issue-file <I>file|directory</I><DD>
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Display the contents of <I>file</I> instead of <I>/etc/issue</I>. If the
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specified path is a <I>directory</I> then displays all files with .issue file
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extension in version-sort order from the directory. This allows custom
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messages to be displayed on different terminals. The
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--noissue option will override this option.
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<DT id="21">-h, --flow-control<DD>
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Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control. It is left up to the
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application to disable software (XON/XOFF) flow protocol where
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appropriate.
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<DT id="22">-H, --host <I>fakehost</I><DD>
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Write the specified <I>fakehost</I> into the utmp file. Normally,
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no login host is given, since <B>agetty</B> is used for local hardwired
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connections and consoles. However, this option can be useful for
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identifying terminal concentrators and the like.
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<DT id="23">-i, --noissue<DD>
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Do not display the contents of <I>/etc/issue</I> (or other) before writing the
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login prompt. Terminals or communications hardware may become confused
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when receiving lots of text at the wrong baud rate; dial-up scripts
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may fail if the login prompt is preceded by too much text.
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<DT id="24">-I, --init-string <I>initstring</I><DD>
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Set an initial string to be sent to the tty or modem before sending
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anything else. This may be used to initialize a modem. Non-printable
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characters may be sent by writing their octal code preceded by a
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backslash (\). For example, to send a linefeed character (ASCII 10,
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octal 012), write \012.
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<DT id="25">-J, --noclear<DD>
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Do not clear the screen before prompting for the login name.
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By default the screen is cleared.
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<DT id="26">-l, --login-program <I>login_program</I><DD>
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Invoke the specified <I>login_program</I> instead of /bin/login. This allows
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the use of a non-standard login program. Such a program could, for example,
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ask for a dial-up password or use a different password file. See
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<B>--login-options</B>.
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<DT id="27">-L, --local-line[=<I>mode</I>]<DD>
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Control the CLOCAL line flag. The optional <I>mode</I> argument is 'auto', 'always' or 'never'.
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If the <I>mode</I> argument is omitted, then the default is 'always'. If the
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--local-line option is not given at all, then the default is 'auto'.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="28"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="29"><I>always</I><DD>
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Forces the line to be a local line with no need for carrier detect. This
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can be useful when you have a locally attached terminal where the serial
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line does not set the carrier-detect signal.
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<DT id="30"><I>never</I><DD>
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Explicitly clears the CLOCAL flag from the line setting and the
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carrier-detect signal is expected on the line.
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<DT id="31"><I>auto</I><DD>
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The <B>agetty</B> default. Does not modify the CLOCAL setting and follows
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the setting enabled by the kernel.
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</DL>
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</DL>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="32">-m, --extract-baud<DD>
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Try to extract the baud rate from the CONNECT status message
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produced by Hayes(tm)-compatible modems. These status
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messages are of the form: "<junk><speed><junk>".
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<B>agetty</B> assumes that the modem emits its status message at
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the same speed as specified with (the first) <I>baud_rate</I> value
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on the command line.
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<P>
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Since the <B>--extract-baud</B> feature may fail on heavily-loaded
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systems, you still should enable BREAK processing by enumerating all
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expected baud rates on the command line.
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<DT id="33">--list-speeds<DD>
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Display supported baud rates. These are determined at compilation time.
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<DT id="34">-n, --skip-login<DD>
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Do not prompt the user for a login name. This can be used in connection
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with the <B>--login-program</B> option to invoke a non-standard login
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process such as a BBS system. Note that with the <B>--skip-login</B>
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option, <B>agetty</B> gets no input from the user who logs in and therefore
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will not be able to figure out parity, character size, and newline
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processing of the connection. It defaults to space parity, 7 bit
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characters, and ASCII CR (13) end-of-line character. Beware that the
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program that <B>agetty</B> starts (usually /bin/login) is run as root.
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<DT id="35">-N, --nonewline<DD>
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Do not print a newline before writing out /etc/issue.
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<DT id="36">-o, --login-options "<I>login_options</I>"<DD>
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Options and arguments that are passed to <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+login">login</A></B>(1). Where \u is
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replaced by the login name. For example:
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="37"><DD>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="38"><DD>
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<B>--login-options '-h darkstar -- \'</B>
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</DL>
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<P>
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See <B>--autologin</B>, <B>--login-program</B> and <B>--remote</B>.
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<P>
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Please read the SECURITY NOTICE below before using this option.
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</DL>
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<DT id="39">-p, --login-pause<DD>
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Wait for any key before dropping to the login prompt. Can be combined
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with <B>--autologin</B> to save memory by lazily spawning shells.
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<DT id="40">-r, --chroot <I>directory</I><DD>
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Change root to the specified directory.
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<DT id="41">-R, --hangup<DD>
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Call vhangup() to do a virtual hangup of the specified terminal.
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<DT id="42">-s, --keep-baud<DD>
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Try to keep the existing baud rate. The baud rates from
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the command line are used when agetty receives a BREAK character.
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<DT id="43">-t, --timeout <I>timeout</I><DD>
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Terminate if no user name could be read within <I>timeout</I> seconds.
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Use of this option with hardwired terminal lines is not recommended.
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<DT id="44">-U, --detect-case<DD>
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Turn on support for detecting an uppercase-only terminal. This setting
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will detect a login name containing only capitals as indicating an
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uppercase-only terminal and turn on some upper-to-lower case conversions.
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Note that this has no support for any Unicode characters.
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<DT id="45">-w, --wait-cr<DD>
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Wait for the user or the modem to send a carriage-return or a
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linefeed character before sending the <I>/etc/issue</I> file (or others)
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and the login prompt. This is useful with the <B>--init-string</B>
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option.
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<DT id="46">--nohints<DD>
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Do not print hints about Num, Caps and Scroll Locks.
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<DT id="47">--nohostname<DD>
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By default the hostname will be printed. With this option enabled,
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no hostname at all will be shown.
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<DT id="48">--long-hostname<DD>
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By default the hostname is only printed until the first dot. With
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this option enabled, the fully qualified hostname by <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3P+gethostname">gethostname</A></B>(3P)
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or (if not found) by <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+getaddrinfo">getaddrinfo</A></B>(3) is shown.
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<DT id="49">--erase-chars <I>string</I><DD>
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This option specifies additional characters that should be interpreted as a
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backspace ("ignore the previous character") when the user types the login name.
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The default additional 'erase' has been '#', but since util-linux 2.23
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no additional erase characters are enabled by default.
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<DT id="50">--kill-chars <I>string</I><DD>
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This option specifies additional characters that should be interpreted as a
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kill ("ignore all previous characters") when the user types the login name.
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The default additional 'kill' has been '@', but since util-linux 2.23
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no additional kill characters are enabled by default.
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<DT id="51">--chdir <I>directory</I><DD>
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Change directory before the login.
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<DT id="52">--delay <I>number</I><DD>
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Sleep seconds before open tty.
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<DT id="53">--nice <I>number</I><DD>
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Run login with this priority.
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<DT id="54">--reload<DD>
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Ask all running agetty instances to reload and update their displayed prompts,
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if the user has not yet commenced logging in. After doing so the command will
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exit. This feature might be unsupported on systems without Linux
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?7+inotify">inotify</A></B>(7).
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<DT id="55">--version<DD>
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Display version information and exit.
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<DT id="56">--help<DD>
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Display help text and exit.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
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<H2>EXAMPLES</H2>
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This section shows examples for the process field of an entry in the
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<I>/etc/inittab</I> file. You'll have to prepend appropriate values
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for the other fields. See <I><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+inittab">inittab</A>(5)</I> for more details.
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<P>
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For a hardwired line or a console tty:
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="57"><DD>
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<B>/sbin/agetty 9600 ttyS1</B>
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</DL>
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<P>
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For a directly connected terminal without proper carrier-detect wiring
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(try this if your terminal just sleeps instead of giving you a password:
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prompt):
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="58"><DD>
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<B>/sbin/agetty --local-line 9600 ttyS1 vt100</B>
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</DL>
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<P>
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For an old-style dial-in line with a 9600/2400/1200 baud modem:
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="59"><DD>
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<B>/sbin/agetty --extract-baud --timeout 60 ttyS1 9600,2400,1200</B>
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</DL>
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<P>
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For a Hayes modem with a fixed 115200 bps interface to the machine
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(the example init string turns off modem echo and result codes, makes
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modem/computer DCD track modem/modem DCD, makes a DTR drop cause a
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disconnection, and turns on auto-answer after 1 ring):
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="60"><DD>
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<B>/sbin/agetty --wait-cr --init-string 'ATE0Q1&D2&C1S0=1\015' 115200 ttyS1</B>
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</DL>
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
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<H2>SECURITY NOTICE</H2>
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If you use the <B>--login-program</B> and <B>--login-options</B> options,
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be aware that a malicious user may try to enter lognames with embedded options,
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which then get passed to the used login program. Agetty does check
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for a leading "-" and makes sure the logname gets passed as one parameter
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(so embedded spaces will not create yet another parameter), but depending
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on how the login binary parses the command line that might not be sufficient.
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Check that the used login program cannot be abused this way.
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<P>
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Some programs use "--" to indicate that the rest of the commandline should
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not be interpreted as options. Use this feature if available by passing "--"
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before the username gets passed by \u.
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<P>
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<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
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<H2>ISSUE FILES</H2>
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The default issue file is <I>/etc/issue</I>. If the file exists then agetty also
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checks for <I>/etc/issue.d</I> directory. The directory is optional extension to
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the default issue file and content of the directory is printed after
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<I>/etc/issue</I> content. If the <I>/etc/issue</I> does not exist than the
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directory is ignored. All files with .issue extension from the directory are
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printed in version-sort order. The directory allow to maintain 3rd-party
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messages independently on the primary system <I>/etc/issue</I> file.
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<P>
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The default path maybe overridden by <B>--issue-file</B> option. In this case
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specified path has to be file or directory and the default <I>/etc/issue</I> as
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well as <I>/etc/issue.d</I> are ignored.
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<P>
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The issue files may contain certain escape codes to display the system name, date, time
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etcetera. All escape codes consist of a backslash (\) immediately
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followed by one of the characters listed below.
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="61">4 or 4{<I>interface</I>}<DD>
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Insert the IPv4 address of the specified network interface (for example: \4{eth0}).
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If the <I>interface</I> argument is not specified, then select the first fully
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configured (UP, non-LOCALBACK, RUNNING) interface. If not any configured
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interface is found, fall back to the IP address of the machine's hostname.
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<DT id="62">6 or 6{<I>interface</I>}<DD>
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The same as \4 but for IPv6.
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<DT id="63">b<DD>
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Insert the baudrate of the current line.
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<DT id="64">d<DD>
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Insert the current date.
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<DT id="65">e or e{<I>name</I>}<DD>
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Translate the human-readable <I>name</I> to an escape sequence and insert it
|
|
(for example: \e{red}Alert text.\e{reset}). If the <I>name</I> argument is
|
|
not specified, then insert \033. The currently supported names are: black,
|
|
blink, blue, bold, brown, cyan,
|
|
darkgray, gray, green, halfbright, lightblue, lightcyan, lightgray, lightgreen,
|
|
lightmagenta, lightred, magenta, red, reset, reverse, and yellow. All unknown
|
|
names are silently ignored.
|
|
<DT id="66">s<DD>
|
|
Insert the system name (the name of the operating system). Same as 'uname -s'.
|
|
See also the \S escape code.
|
|
<DT id="67">S or S{VARIABLE}<DD>
|
|
Insert the VARIABLE data from <I>/etc/os-release</I>. If this file does not exist
|
|
then fall back to <I>/usr/lib/os-release</I>. If the VARIABLE argument is not
|
|
specified, then use PRETTY_NAME from the file or the system name (see \s).
|
|
This escape code allows to keep <I>/etc/issue</I> distribution and release
|
|
independent. Note that \S{ANSI_COLOR} is converted to the real terminal
|
|
escape sequence.
|
|
<DT id="68">l<DD>
|
|
Insert the name of the current tty line.
|
|
<DT id="69">m<DD>
|
|
Insert the architecture identifier of the machine. Same as 'uname -m'.
|
|
<DT id="70">n<DD>
|
|
Insert the nodename of the machine, also known as the hostname. Same as 'uname -n'.
|
|
<DT id="71">o<DD>
|
|
Insert the NIS domainname of the machine. Same as 'hostname -d'.
|
|
<DT id="72">O<DD>
|
|
Insert the DNS domainname of the machine.
|
|
<DT id="73">r<DD>
|
|
Insert the release number of the OS. Same as 'uname -r'.
|
|
<DT id="74">t<DD>
|
|
Insert the current time.
|
|
<DT id="75">u<DD>
|
|
Insert the number of current users logged in.
|
|
<DT id="76">U<DD>
|
|
Insert the string "1 user" or "<n> users" where <n> is the number of current
|
|
users logged in.
|
|
<DT id="77">v<DD>
|
|
Insert the version of the OS, that is, the build-date and such.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
An example. On my system, the following <I>/etc/issue</I> file:
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="78"><DD>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
This is \n.\o (\s \m \r) \t
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
displays as:
|
|
<P>
|
|
<DL COMPACT><DT id="79"><DD>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
This is thingol.orcan.dk (Linux i386 1.1.9) 18:29:30
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A>
|
|
<H2>FILES</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DL COMPACT>
|
|
<DT id="80"><I>/var/run/utmp</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
the system status file.
|
|
<DT id="81"><I>/etc/issue</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
printed before the login prompt.
|
|
<DT id="82"><I>/etc/os-release /usr/lib/os-release</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
operating system identification data.
|
|
<DT id="83"><I>/dev/console</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
problem reports (if <A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+syslog">syslog</A>(3) is not used).
|
|
<DT id="84"><I>/etc/inittab</I>
|
|
|
|
<DD>
|
|
<I><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+init">init</A></I>(8) configuration file for SysV-style init daemon.
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAK"> </A>
|
|
<H2>BUGS</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The baud-rate detection feature (the <B>--extract-baud</B> option) requires that
|
|
<B>agetty</B> be scheduled soon enough after completion of a dial-in
|
|
call (within 30 ms with modems that talk at 2400 baud). For robustness,
|
|
always use the <B>--extract-baud</B> option in combination with a multiple baud
|
|
rate command-line argument, so that BREAK processing is enabled.
|
|
<P>
|
|
The text in the <I>/etc/issue</I> file (or other) and the login prompt
|
|
are always output with 7-bit characters and space parity.
|
|
<P>
|
|
The baud-rate detection feature (the <B>--extract-baud</B> option) requires that
|
|
the modem emits its status message <I>after</I> raising the DCD line.
|
|
<A NAME="lbAL"> </A>
|
|
<H2>DIAGNOSTICS</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depending on how the program was configured, all diagnostics are
|
|
written to the console device or reported via the <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+syslog">syslog</A></B>(3) facility.
|
|
Error messages are produced if the <I>port</I> argument does not
|
|
specify a terminal device; if there is no utmp entry for the
|
|
current process (System V only); and so on.
|
|
<A NAME="lbAM"> </A>
|
|
<H2>AUTHORS</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Werner Fink
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Karel Zak
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
The original
|
|
<B>agetty</B>
|
|
|
|
for serial terminals was written by W.Z. Venema <<A HREF="mailto:wietse@wzv.win.tue.nl">wietse@wzv.win.tue.nl</A>>
|
|
and ported to Linux by Peter Orbaek <<A HREF="mailto:poe@daimi.aau.dk">poe@daimi.aau.dk</A>>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<A NAME="lbAN"> </A>
|
|
<H2>AVAILABILITY</H2>
|
|
|
|
The agetty command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
|
|
<A HREF="https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.">https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.</A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<HR>
|
|
<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT id="85"><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="86"><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="87"><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="88"><A HREF="#lbAE">ARGUMENTS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="89"><A HREF="#lbAF">OPTIONS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="90"><A HREF="#lbAG">EXAMPLES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="91"><A HREF="#lbAH">SECURITY NOTICE</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="92"><A HREF="#lbAI">ISSUE FILES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="93"><A HREF="#lbAJ">FILES</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="94"><A HREF="#lbAK">BUGS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="95"><A HREF="#lbAL">DIAGNOSTICS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="96"><A HREF="#lbAM">AUTHORS</A><DD>
|
|
<DT id="97"><A HREF="#lbAN">AVAILABILITY</A><DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
This document was created by
|
|
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
|
|
using the manual pages.<BR>
|
|
Time: 00:06:10 GMT, March 31, 2021
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
</HTML>
|