213 lines
5.0 KiB
HTML
213 lines
5.0 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of passwd</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>passwd</H1>
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Section: Форматы файлов (5)<BR>Updated: 05/28/2020<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>НАЗВАНИЕ</H2>
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passwd - файл паролей
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>ОПИСАНИЕ</H2>
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<P>
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/etc/passwd
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contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons («:»). These fields are:
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="1"><DD>
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•
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имя пользователя для входа в систему
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</DL>
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="2"><DD>
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•
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необязательный зашифрованный пароль
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</DL>
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="3"><DD>
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•
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числовой идентификатор пользователя
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</DL>
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="4"><DD>
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•
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числовой идентификатор группы
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</DL>
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="5"><DD>
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•
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ФИО пользователя или поле комментария
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</DL>
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="6"><DD>
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•
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домашний каталог пользователя
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</DL>
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="7"><DD>
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•
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необязательный интерпретатор командной строки пользователя
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</DL>
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<P>
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If the
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<I>password</I>
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field is a lower-case
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«x», then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+shadow">shadow</A></B>(5)
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file instead; there
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<I>must</I>
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be a corresponding line in the
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/etc/shadow
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file, or else the user account is invalid.
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<P>
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The encrypted
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<I>password</I>
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field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which read the
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/etc/passwd
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file may decide not to permit
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<I>any</I>
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access at all if the
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<I>password</I>
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field is blank.
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<P>
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A
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<I>password</I>
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field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the
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<I>password</I>
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field before the password was locked.
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<P>
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Refer to
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+crypt">crypt</A></B>(3)
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for details on how this string is interpreted.
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<P>
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If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+crypt">crypt</A></B>(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means).
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<P>
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The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+finger">finger</A></B>(1).
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<P>
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The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. The
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<B>login</B>
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program uses this information to set the value of the
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<B>$HOME</B>
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environmental variable.
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<P>
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The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The
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<B>login</B>
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program uses this information to set the value of the
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<B>$SHELL</B>
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environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
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/bin/sh.
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>ФАЙЛЫ</H2>
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<P>
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/etc/passwd
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="8"><DD>
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содержит информацию о пользователях
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</DL>
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<P>
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/etc/shadow
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="9"><DD>
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необязательный файл с шифрованными паролями
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</DL>
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<P>
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/etc/passwd-
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="10"><DD>
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резервная копия файла /etc/passwd
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<P>
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Заметим, что этот файл используется программами из комплекта утилит shadow, но не всеми инструментами управления пользователями и паролями.
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ</H2>
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<P>
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+crypt">crypt</A></B>(3),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+getent">getent</A></B>(1),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+getpwnam">getpwnam</A></B>(3),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+login">login</A></B>(1),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+passwd">passwd</A></B>(1),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+pwck">pwck</A></B>(8),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+pwconv">pwconv</A></B>(8),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+pwunconv">pwunconv</A></B>(8),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+shadow">shadow</A></B>(5),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+su">su</A></B>(1),
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+sulogin">sulogin</A></B>(8).
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<P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
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<DL>
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<DT id="11"><A HREF="#lbAB">НАЗВАНИЕ</A><DD>
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<DT id="12"><A HREF="#lbAC">ОПИСАНИЕ</A><DD>
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<DT id="13"><A HREF="#lbAD">ФАЙЛЫ</A><DD>
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<DT id="14"><A HREF="#lbAE">СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ</A><DD>
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</DL>
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<HR>
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This document was created by
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
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using the manual pages.<BR>
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Time: 00:06:23 GMT, March 31, 2021
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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