587 lines
17 KiB
HTML
587 lines
17 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Man page of usermod</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY>
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<H1>usermod</H1>
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Section: Команды управления системой (8)<BR>Updated: 05/28/2020<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
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<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
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<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
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<H2>НАЗВАНИЕ</H2>
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usermod - изменяет учётную запись пользователя
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<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
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<H2>СИНТАКСИС</H2>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT id="1">
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<B>usermod</B> [<I>параметры</I>] <I>УЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ</I>
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
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<H2>ОПИСАНИЕ</H2>
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<P>
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<DD>The
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<B>usermod</B>
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command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line.
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<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
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<H2>ПАРАМЕТРЫ</H2>
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<P>
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The options which apply to the
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<B>usermod</B>
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command are:
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<P>
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<B>-a</B>, <B>--append</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="2"><DD>
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Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the
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<B>-G</B>
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option.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-b</B>, <B>--badnames</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="3"><DD>
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Allow names that do not conform to standards.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-c</B>, <B>--comment</B> <I>COMMENT</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="4"><DD>
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The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally modified using the
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+chfn">chfn</A></B>(1)
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utility.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-d</B>, <B>--home</B> <I>HOME_DIR</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="5"><DD>
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Домашний каталог нового пользователя.
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<P>
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If the
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<B>-m</B>
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option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-e</B>, <B>--expiredate</B> <I>EXPIRE_DATE</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="6"><DD>
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The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format
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<I>YYYY-MM-DD</I>.
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<P>
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An empty
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<I>EXPIRE_DATE</I>
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argument will disable the expiration of the account.
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<P>
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This option requires a
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/etc/shadow
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file. A
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/etc/shadow
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entry will be created if there were none.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-f</B>, <B>--inactive</B> <I>INACTIVE</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="7"><DD>
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Количество дней, которые должны пройти после устаревания пароля, чтобы учётная запись заблокировалась навсегда.
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<P>
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Если указано значение 0, то учётная запись блокируется сразу после устаревания пароля, а при значении -1 данная возможность не используется.
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<P>
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This option requires a
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/etc/shadow
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file. A
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/etc/shadow
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entry will be created if there were none.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-g</B>, <B>--gid</B> <I>GROUP</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="8"><DD>
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Имя или числовой идентификатор новой первичной группы пользователя. Группа с таким именем должна существовать.
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<P>
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Все файлы в домашнем каталоге пользователя, принадлежавшие предыдущей первичной группе пользователя, будут принадлежать новой группе.
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<P>
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Группового владельца файлов вне домашнего каталога нужно изменить вручную.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-G</B>, <B>--groups</B> <I>GROUP1</I>[<I>,GROUP2,...</I>[<I>,GROUPN</I>]]]
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="9"><DD>
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A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
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<B>-g</B>
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option.
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<P>
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If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the
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<B>-a</B>
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option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-l</B>, <B>--login</B> <I>NEW_LOGIN</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="10"><DD>
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The name of the user will be changed from
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<I>LOGIN</I>
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to
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<I>NEW_LOGIN</I>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-L</B>, <B>--lock</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="11"><DD>
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Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with
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<B>-p</B>
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or
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<B>-U</B>.
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<P>
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Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
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<I>EXPIRE_DATE</I>
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to
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<I>1</I>.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-m</B>, <B>--move-home</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="12"><DD>
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Переместить содержимое домашнего каталога в новое место.
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<P>
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This option is only valid in combination with the
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<B>-d</B>
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(or
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<B>--home</B>) option.
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<P>
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<B>usermod</B>
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will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-o</B>, <B>--non-unique</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="13"><DD>
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When used with the
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<B>-u</B>
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option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-p</B>, <B>--password</B> <I>PASSWORD</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="14"><DD>
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The encrypted password, as returned by
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<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+crypt">crypt</A></B>(3).
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<P>
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<B>Note:</B>
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This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes.
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<P>
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The password will be written in the local
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/etc/passwd
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or
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/etc/shadow
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file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM configuration.
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<P>
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Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-R</B>, <B>--root</B> <I>CHROOT_DIR</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="15"><DD>
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Apply changes in the
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<I>CHROOT_DIR</I>
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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<I>CHROOT_DIR</I>
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directory.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-P</B>, <B>--prefix</B> <I>PREFIX_DIR</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="16"><DD>
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Apply changes in the
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<I>PREFIX_DIR</I>
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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<I>PREFIX_DIR</I>
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directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-s</B>, <B>--shell</B> <I>SHELL</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="17"><DD>
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Имя новой регистрационной оболочки пользователя. Если задать пустое значение, то будет использована регистрационная оболочка по умолчанию.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-u</B>, <B>--uid</B> <I>UID</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="18"><DD>
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Новый числовой идентификатор пользователя (UID).
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<P>
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This value must be unique, unless the
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<B>-o</B>
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option is used. The value must be non-negative.
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<P>
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Для почтового ящика и всех файлов, которыми владеет пользователь и которые расположены в его домашнем каталоге, идентификатор владельца файла будет изменён автоматически.
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<P>
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Для файлов, расположенных вне домашнего каталога, идентификатор нужно изменять вручную.
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<P>
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No checks will be performed with regard to the
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<B>UID_MIN</B>,
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<B>UID_MAX</B>,
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<B>SYS_UID_MIN</B>, or
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<B>SYS_UID_MAX</B>
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from
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/etc/login.defs.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-U</B>, <B>--unlock</B>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="19"><DD>
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Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted password. You can't use this option with
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<B>-p</B>
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or
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<B>-L</B>.
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<P>
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Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
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<I>EXPIRE_DATE</I>
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(for example to
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<I>99999</I>, or to the
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<B>EXPIRE</B>
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value from
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/etc/default/useradd).
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-v</B>, <B>--add-subuids</B> <I>FIRST</I>-<I>LAST</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="20"><DD>
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Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account.
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<P>
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This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.
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<P>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<B>SUB_UID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_UID_MAX</B>, or
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<B>SUB_UID_COUNT</B>
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from /etc/login.defs.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-V</B>, <B>--del-subuids</B> <I>FIRST</I>-<I>LAST</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="21"><DD>
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Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account.
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<P>
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This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both
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<B>--del-subuids</B>
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and
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<B>--add-subuids</B>
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are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.
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<P>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<B>SUB_UID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_UID_MAX</B>, or
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<B>SUB_UID_COUNT</B>
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from /etc/login.defs.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-w</B>, <B>--add-subgids</B> <I>FIRST</I>-<I>LAST</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="22"><DD>
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Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account.
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<P>
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This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.
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<P>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<B>SUB_GID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_GID_MAX</B>, or
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<B>SUB_GID_COUNT</B>
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from /etc/login.defs.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-W</B>, <B>--del-subgids</B> <I>FIRST</I>-<I>LAST</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="23"><DD>
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Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account.
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<P>
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This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both
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<B>--del-subgids</B>
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and
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<B>--add-subgids</B>
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are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.
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<P>
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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<B>SUB_GID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_GID_MAX</B>, or
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<B>SUB_GID_COUNT</B>
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from /etc/login.defs.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>-Z</B>, <B>--selinux-user</B> <I>SEUSER</I>
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="24"><DD>
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Новый пользователь SELinux для пользовательского входа.
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<P>
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A blank
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<I>SEUSER</I>
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will remove the SELinux user mapping for user
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<I>LOGIN</I>
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(if any).
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</DL>
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ</H2>
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<P>
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You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed.
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<B>usermod</B>
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checks this on Linux. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in.
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<P>
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You must change the owner of any
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<B>crontab</B>
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files or
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<B>at</B>
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jobs manually.
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<P>
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Вы должны сделать все изменения NIS на сервере NIS самостоятельно.
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<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
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<H2>НАСТРОЙКА</H2>
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<P>
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The following configuration variables in
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/etc/login.defs
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change the behavior of this tool:
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<P>
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<B>LASTLOG_UID_MAX</B> (number)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="25"><DD>
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Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them.
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<P>
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No
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<B>LASTLOG_UID_MAX</B>
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option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>MAIL_DIR</B> (string)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="26"><DD>
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Почтовый каталог. Данный параметр нужен для управления почтовым ящиком при изменении или удалении учётной записи пользователя. Если параметр не задан, то используется значение указанное при сборке.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>MAIL_FILE</B> (string)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="27"><DD>
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Определяет расположение почтовых файлов пользователя относительно домашнего каталога.
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</DL>
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<P>
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The
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<B>MAIL_DIR</B>
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and
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<B>MAIL_FILE</B>
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variables are used by
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<B>useradd</B>,
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<B>usermod</B>, and
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<B>userdel</B>
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to create, move, or delete the user's mail spool.
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<P>
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<B>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</B> (number)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="28"><DD>
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Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
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/etc/group
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(with the same name, same password, and same GID).
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<P>
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Значение по умолчанию равно 0, означающее, что ограничения на количество членов в группе нет.
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<P>
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Данная возможность (разделение группы) позволяет ограничить длину строк в файле групп. Это полезно для ограничения длины строк групп NIS в 1024 символа.
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<P>
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Если вам нужно такое ограничение, укажите значение 25.
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<P>
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Замечание: разделение групп поддерживается не всеми инструментами (даже в наборе инструментов Shadow). Вы не должны использовать эту переменную, если вам действительно это ненужно.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<B>SUB_GID_MIN</B> (number), <B>SUB_GID_MAX</B> (number), <B>SUB_GID_COUNT</B> (number)
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<DL COMPACT><DT id="29"><DD>
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If
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/etc/subuid
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exists, the commands
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<B>useradd</B>
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and
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<B>newusers</B>
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(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate
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<B>SUB_GID_COUNT</B>
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unused group IDs from the range
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<B>SUB_GID_MIN</B>
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to
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<B>SUB_GID_MAX</B>
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for each new user.
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<P>
|
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The default values for
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<B>SUB_GID_MIN</B>,
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<B>SUB_GID_MAX</B>,
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<B>SUB_GID_COUNT</B>
|
||
are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.
|
||
</DL>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
<B>SUB_UID_MIN</B> (number), <B>SUB_UID_MAX</B> (number), <B>SUB_UID_COUNT</B> (number)
|
||
<DL COMPACT><DT id="30"><DD>
|
||
If
|
||
/etc/subuid
|
||
exists, the commands
|
||
<B>useradd</B>
|
||
and
|
||
<B>newusers</B>
|
||
(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate
|
||
<B>SUB_UID_COUNT</B>
|
||
unused user IDs from the range
|
||
<B>SUB_UID_MIN</B>
|
||
to
|
||
<B>SUB_UID_MAX</B>
|
||
for each new user.
|
||
<P>
|
||
The default values for
|
||
<B>SUB_UID_MIN</B>,
|
||
<B>SUB_UID_MAX</B>,
|
||
<B>SUB_UID_COUNT</B>
|
||
are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.
|
||
</DL>
|
||
|
||
<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
|
||
<H2>ФАЙЛЫ</H2>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
/etc/group
|
||
<DL COMPACT><DT id="31"><DD>
|
||
содержит информацию о группах
|
||
</DL>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
/etc/gshadow
|
||
<DL COMPACT><DT id="32"><DD>
|
||
содержит защищаемую информацию о группах
|
||
</DL>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
/etc/login.defs
|
||
<DL COMPACT><DT id="33"><DD>
|
||
содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
|
||
</DL>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
/etc/passwd
|
||
<DL COMPACT><DT id="34"><DD>
|
||
содержит информацию о пользователях
|
||
</DL>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
/etc/shadow
|
||
<DL COMPACT><DT id="35"><DD>
|
||
содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
|
||
</DL>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
/etc/subgid
|
||
<DL COMPACT><DT id="36"><DD>
|
||
Per user subordinate group IDs.
|
||
</DL>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
/etc/subuid
|
||
<DL COMPACT><DT id="37"><DD>
|
||
Per user subordinate user IDs.
|
||
</DL>
|
||
|
||
<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
|
||
<H2>СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ</H2>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+chfn">chfn</A></B>(1),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+chsh">chsh</A></B>(1),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+passwd">passwd</A></B>(1),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?3+crypt">crypt</A></B>(3),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+gpasswd">gpasswd</A></B>(8),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+groupadd">groupadd</A></B>(8),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+groupdel">groupdel</A></B>(8),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+groupmod">groupmod</A></B>(8),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+login.defs">login.defs</A></B>(5),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+subgid">subgid</A></B>(5), <B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?5+subuid">subuid</A></B>(5),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+useradd">useradd</A></B>(8),
|
||
<B><A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?8+userdel">userdel</A></B>(8).
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
<HR>
|
||
<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
|
||
<DL>
|
||
<DT id="38"><A HREF="#lbAB">НАЗВАНИЕ</A><DD>
|
||
<DT id="39"><A HREF="#lbAC">СИНТАКСИС</A><DD>
|
||
<DT id="40"><A HREF="#lbAD">ОПИСАНИЕ</A><DD>
|
||
<DT id="41"><A HREF="#lbAE">ПАРАМЕТРЫ</A><DD>
|
||
<DT id="42"><A HREF="#lbAF">ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ</A><DD>
|
||
<DT id="43"><A HREF="#lbAG">НАСТРОЙКА</A><DD>
|
||
<DT id="44"><A HREF="#lbAH">ФАЙЛЫ</A><DD>
|
||
<DT id="45"><A HREF="#lbAI">СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ</A><DD>
|
||
</DL>
|
||
<HR>
|
||
This document was created by
|
||
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
|
||
using the manual pages.<BR>
|
||
Time: 00:06:23 GMT, March 31, 2021
|
||
</BODY>
|
||
</HTML>
|