Pracovní plocha Část je určena k tomu aby poskytovala nástroje pro modelování komplexních pevných částí a je založena na Metodologii editace vlastností. Je komplikovaně spojen s Náčrtovou pracovní plochou.
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Základní postup práce
Náčrt je stavební blok pro vytváření a editování částí těles. Pracovní postup může být shrnut následovně: nejdříve je vytvořen 2D náčrt, potom je použit nástroj na vytvoření tělesa. V tom okamžiku jsou dostupné následující nástroje:
- Pad (Deska) který vysune náčrt
- Pocket (Kapsa) který vytvoří kapsu (prohlubeň) v existujícím tělese
- Revolve který vytvoří těleso otáčením náčrtu podle osy
- Groove' který vytvoří drážku v existujícím tělese
V budoucích verzích jsou plánovány další nástroje.
Velmi důležitý v pracovní ploše Díly je koncept podpora náčrtu. Náčrty mohou být vytvořeny ve standardních rovinách (XY, XZ, YZ a v rovinách rovnoběžných k nim) nebo na povrchu existujícího tělesa. V tomto posledním případě se těleso stává podpůrným náčrtem. Některé nástroje budou pracovat pouze s náčrty které mají podpůrné těleso, např. Pocket (Kapsa) - bez podpůrného tělesa by nebylo z čeho odebírat materiál!
Po tom co je vytvořena konstrukce tělesa, může být modifikována pomocí zkosení a zaoblení nebo transformována, např. zrcadlena nebo vzorována.
Pracovní plocha Díly je yrčena k vytváření samostatného spojeného tělesa. Pro vícenásobná tělesa je vhodnější Sestavovací pracovní plocha.
Nástroje
Nástroje pracovní plochy Díly jsou umístěny v menu Part Design (Návrh dílu), které se zobrazí když natáhnete modul Part Design (Návrh dílu).
Zahrnují nástroje Náčrtová pracovní plocha, protože modul Part Design (Návrh dílu) na ní závisí.
Nástroje pro náčrty
Sketcher Geometries
These are tools for creating objects.
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Bod: Draws a point -
Oblouk: Draws an arc segment from center, radius, start angle and end angle -
Kružnice: Draws a circle from center and radius -
2-Bod Přímka: Draws a line segment from 2 points -
Lomená čára (multiple-point line): Draws a line made of multiple line segments -
Obdélník: Draws a rectangle from 2 opposite points -
Zaoblení: Makes a fillet between two lines joined at one point. Select both lines or click on the corner point, then activate the tool. -
Oříznutíí: Trims a line, circle or arc with respect to the clicked point. -
Povrchový Náčrt: Creates an edge linked to external geometry. -
Změna konst.módu: Toggles an element to/from construction mode. A construction object will not be used in a 3D geometry operation.
Sketcher Constraints
Constraints are used to set rules between sketch elements, and to lock the sketch along the vertical and horizontal axes.
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Lock: Creates a lock constraint on the selected item by setting vertical and horizontal dimensions relative to the origin (dimensions can be edited afterwards). -
Coincident: Creates a coincident (point-on-point) constraint between two selected points. -
Point On Object: Creates a point-on-object constraint on selected items. -
Horizontal Distance: Fixes the horizontal distance between 2 points or line ends. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin. -
Vertical Distance: Fixes the vertical distance between 2 points or line ends. If only one item is selected, the distance is set to the origin. -
Vertical: Creates a vertical constraint to the selected lines or polylines elements. More than one object can be selected. -
Horizontal: Creates a horizontal constraint to the selected lines or polylines elements. More than one object can be selected. -
Length: Creates a length constraint on a selected line. -
Radius: Creates a radius constraint on a selected arc or circle. -
Parallel: Creates a parallel constraint between two selected lines. -
Perpendicular: Creates a perpendicular constraint between two selected lines. -
InternalAngle: Creates an internal angle constraint between two selected lines. -
Tangent: Creates a tangent constraint between two selected entities, or a colinear constraint between two line segments. -
Equal Length: Creates an equality constraint between two selected entities. If used on circle or arcs, the radius will be set equal. -
Symmetric: Creates a symmetric constraint between 2 points with respect to a line.
Other
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New Sketch: Creates a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If none were selected, the default work plane XY will be used. -
View sketch: Sets the model view perpendicular to the sketch plane. -
Map sketch: maps a sketch to the previously selected face of a solid. -
Leave Sketch: Leave the Sketch editing mode. - Sketcher Reorient: Allows you to change the position of a sketch
Nástroje pracovní plochy Díly
Construction tools
These are tools for creating solid objects or removing material from an existing solid object.
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Pad: Extrudes a solid object from a selected sketch. -
Pocket: Creates a pocket from a selected sketch. The sketch must be mapped to an existing solid object's face. -
Revolution: Creates a solid by revolving a sketch around an axis. The sketch must be a closed profile to get a solid object. -
Groove: Creates a groove by revolving a sketch around an axis. The sketch must be mapped to an existing solid object's face.
Modification tools
These are tools for modifying existing objects. They will allow you to choose which object to modify.
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Fillet: Fillets (rounds) edges of an object. -
Chamfer: Chamfers edges of an object. -
Draft: Applies angular draft to faces of an object.
Transformation tools
These are tools for transforming existing features. They will allow you to choose which features to transform.
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Mirrored: Mirrors features on a plane or face. -
Linear Pattern: Creates a linear pattern of features. -
Polar Pattern: Creates a polar pattern of features. -
Scaled: Scales features to a different size. -
MultiTransform: Allows creating a pattern with any combination of the other transformations.
Další
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Hlavní vlastnosti
Properties
There are two types of feature properties, accessible through tabs at the bottom of the Property editor:
- VIEWView : properties related to the visual display of the object.
- DATAData : properties related to the physical parameters of an object.
View
Base
- VIEWBounding Box : To view the occupation, and, overall, of the object dimensions in space. Value False, or True (Default, False).
- VIEWControl Point : Value False, or True (Default, False).
- VIEWDeviation : Sets the accuracy of the polygonal representation of the model in 3d view (tessellation). Lower values = better quality. The value is in percent of object's size (deviation in mm = (w+h+d)/3*valueInPercent/100, where w,h,d are sizes of bounding box).
- VIEWDisplay Mode :Display mode of the form, Flat lines, Shaded, Wireframe, Points
. (Default, Flat lines).
- VIEWLighting : Lighting One side, Two side
. (Default, Two side).
- VIEWLine Color : Gives the color of the line (edges) (Default, 25, 25, 25).
- VIEWLine Width : Gives the thickness of the line (edges) (Default, 2).
- VIEWPoint Color : Gives the color of the points (ends of the form) (Default, 25, 25, 25).
- VIEWPoint Size : Gives the size of the points (Default, 2).
- VIEWSelectable : Allows the selection of the form. Value False, ou True (Default, True).
- VIEWShape Color : Give the color shape (default, 204, 204, 204).
- VIEWTransparency : Sets the degree of transparency in the form of 0 to 100 (Default, 0).
- VIEWVisibility : Determines the visibility of the form (like the bar SPACE). Value False, or True (Default, True).
Data
Base
DATAAngle : The argument Angle, indicates the angle that will be used with the option Axis (below). Here, an angle is defined, the angle on the axis, is set with the option Axis.
The object takes the specified angle around the specified axis.
An example, if you create an object with a required revolution should be rotate functionality of a certain amount, in order to enable it to take the same angle that another element existing.
DATAAxis : This option specifies the axis/axes to rotate the created object. The exact value of rotation comes from the angle (see above) option.
This option takes three arguments, these arguments, are transmitted in the form of numbers, x, y or z. Adding a value, more of an axis, will the rotation to each specified axis angle.
For example, with a Angle of 15 ° : specifying, 1.0 for x and 2.0 for y, will rotate 15 ° and 30 ° in the y-axis and the x-axis (final position),
DATABase : This option specifies the offset in either axes x, y, or z, and accept any number as the argument for each field.
DATALabel : The Label is the name given to the operation, this name can be changed at convenience.
DATAPlacement : [(0.00 0.00 1.00);0.00;(0.00 0.00 0.00)] Summary below data.
Every feature has a placement that can be controlled through the Data Properties table. It controls the placement of the part with respect to the coordinate system. NOTE: The placement options do not affect the physical dimensions of the feature, but merely its position in space!
If you select the title Placement 
, a button with tree small points appears, clicking this button ..., you have access to the options window Tasks_Placement.
DATAAngle : The Angle argument specifies the angle to be used with the axis option (below). An angle is set here, and the axis that the angle acts upon is set with the axis option. The feature is rotated by the specified angle, about the specified axis. A usage example might be if you created a revolution feature as required, but then needed to rotate the whole feature by some amount, in order to allow it to line-up with another pre-existing feature.
DATAAxis : This option specifies the axis/axes about which the created feature is to be rotated. The exact value of rotation comes from the angle option (above). This option takes three arguments, which are passed as numbers to either the x, y, or z boxes in the tool. Adding a value to more than one of the axes will cause the part to be rotated by the angle in each axis. For example, with an angle of 15° set, specifying a value of 1.0 for x, and 2.0 for y will cause the finished part to be rotated 15° in the x-axis AND 30° in the y-axis.
DATAPosition : This option specifies the base point to which all dimensions refer. This option takes three arguments, which are passed as numbers to either the x, y, or z boxes in the tool. Adding a value to more than one of the boxes will cause the part to be translated by the number of units along the corresponding axis.
PS: The displayed properties can vary, depending on the tool used.
Body Visibility Management
A body will present by default its most recent feature to the outside. This feature is defined by default as the tip. A good analogy is the expression the tip of the iceberg: only the tip is visible above the water, most of the iceberg's mass (the other features) is hidden. As a new feature is added to the body, visibility of the previous feature is turned off, and the new feature becomes the tip.
There can only be one feature visible at a time. It is possible to toggle the visibility of any feature in the body, by selecting it in the Model tree and pressing the spacebar, in effect going back in the history of the body.
Body Origin
The body has an Origin which consists of reference planes (XY, XZ, YZ) and axes (X, Y, Z) that can be used by sketches and features. Sketches can be attached to Origin planes, and they no longer need to be mapped to planar faces for features based on them to be added or subtracted from the model.
Moving and Reordering Objects
It is possible to temporarily redefine the tip to a feature in the middle of the Body tree to insert new objects (features, sketches or datum geometry). It is also possible to reorder features under a Body, or to move them to a different Body. Select the object and right-click to get a contextual menu that will offer both options. The operation may be prevented if the object has dependencies in the source Body, such as being attached to a face. To move a sketch to another Body, it should not contain links to external geometry.
Datum Geometry
Datum geometry consists of custom planes, lines, points or externally linked shapes. They can be created for use as reference by sketches and features. There is a multitude of attachment possibilities for datums.
Cross-referencing
It is possible to cross-reference elements from a body in another body via datums. For example the datum shape binder allows to copy over faces from a body as reference in another one. This should make it easy to build a box with fitting cover in two different bodies. FreeCAD helps you to not accidentally link to other bodies and queries your intent.
Attachment
Object attachment is not a specific PartDesign tool, but rather a Part utility introduced in v0.17 that can be found in the Part menu. It is heavily used in the PartDesign workbench to attach sketches and reference geometry to the standard planes and axes of the Body. Very extensive ways of creating datum points, lines and planes are available. Optional attachment offset parameters make this tool very versatile.
More info can be found in the Attachment page.
Advice for creating stable models
The idea of parametric modeling implies that you can change the values of certain parameters and subsequent steps are changed according to the new values. However, when severe changes are made, the model can break. Compared to previous FreeCAD versions breaking can be minimized when you respect the following design principles:
- Basically, you need to stop mapping sketches to faces - entirely! Place your sketches on standard planes, or on custom datum planes.
- When creating datum geometry, do not base it on the part topology, base it on standard planes/axes and/or sketches.
- Use a "master sketch". That is a preferably not too complicated sketch which contains basic geometric elements of your model. These elements can be referenced when modeling subsequent features. Such a master sketch will often be the first sketch in the Body but it doesn't have to be; in fact you don't even have to use it at all for anything else but being referenced.
- If you inevitably have to reference an intermediate feature, e.g. the result of a thickness operation, use the first reference possible in the list of subsequent features where the referenced geometric element occurs. From FreeCAD 0.17 on you don't have to use the latest feature. If you take an early feature as reference, all changes to intermediate steps won't break your model. And again it is better to reference a sketch than edges and vertices of a solid
The Tools
The Part Design tools are all located in the Part Design menu and the PartDesign toolbar that appear when you load the Part Design workbench.
Structure tools
These are tools to organize the Model tree.
-
Part: adds a new Part container in the active document and makes it active. -
Group: adds a Group in the active document's Model tree.
Part Design Helper tools
Create body: Creates a Body in the active document and makes it active.
Create sketch: creates a new sketch on a selected face or plane. If no face is selected while this tool is executed, the user is prompted to select a plane from the Tasks panel. The interface then switches to the Sketcher_Workbench in sketch editing mode.
-
Edit sketch: Edit the selected Sketch.
- Map sketch to face: Maps a sketch to a previously selected plane or a face of the active body.
Part Design Modeling tools
Datum tools
Create a datum point: creates a datum point in the active body.
Create a datum line: creates a datum line in the active body.
Create a datum plane: creates a datum plane in the active body.
Create a shape binder: creates a shape binder in the active body.
Create a clone: creates a clone of the selected body.
Additive tools
These are tools for creating base features or adding material to an existing solid body.
- Pad: extrudes a solid from a selected sketch.
- Revolution: creates a solid by revolving a sketch around an axis. The sketch must form a closed profile.
Additive loft: creates a solid by making a transition between two or more sketches.
Additive pipe: creates a solid by sweeping one or more sketches along an open or closed path.
- Create an additive primitive: adds an additive primitive to the active body.
Additive box: creates an additive box.
Additive cone: creates an additive cone.
Additive cylinder: creates an additive cylinder.
Additive ellipsoid: creates an additive ellipsoid.
Additive prism: creates an additive prism.
Additive sphere: creates an additive sphere.
Additive torus: creates an additive torus.
Additive wedge: creates an additive wedge.
Subtractive tools
These are tools for subtracting material from an existing body.
- Pocket: creates a pocket from a selected sketch.
-
Hole: creates a hole feature from a selected sketch. The sketch must contain one or multiple circles.
- Groove: creates a groove by revolving a sketch around an axis.
Subtractive loft: creates a solid shape by making a transition between two or more sketches and subtracts it from the active body.
Subtractive pipe: creates a solid shape by sweeping one or more sketches along an open or closed path and subtracts it from the active body.
- Create a subtractive primitive: adds a subtractive primitive to the active body.
Subtractive box: adds a subtractive box to the active body.
Subtractive cone: adds a subtractive cone to the active body.
Subtractive cylinder: adds a subtractive cylinder to the active body.
Subtractive ellipsoid: adds a subtractive ellipsoid to the active body.
Subtractive prism: adds a subtractive prism to the active body.
Subtractive sphere: adds a subtractive sphere to the active body.
Subtractive torus: adds a subtractive torus to the active body.
Subtractive wedge: adds a subtractive wedge to the active body.
Transformation tools
These are tools for transforming existing features. They will allow you to choose which features to transform.
- Mirrored: mirrors one or more features on a plane or face.
- Linear Pattern: creates a linear pattern based on one or more features.
- Polar Pattern: creates a polar pattern of one or more features.
- Create MultiTransform: creates a pattern with any combination of the other transformations.
Dress-up tools
These tools apply a treatment to the selected edges or faces.
- Fillet: fillets (rounds) edges of the active body.
- Chamfer: chamfers edges of the active body.
- Draft: applies and angular draft to faces of the active body.
Thickness: creates a thick shell from the active body and opens selected face(s).
Boolean
Boolean operation: imports one or more Bodies or PartDesign Clones into the active body and applies a Boolean operation.
Extras
Some additional functionality found in the Part Design menu:
- Migrate: migrates files created with older FreeCAD versions. If the file is pure PartDesign feature-based, migration should succeed. If the file contains mixed Part/Part Design/Draft objects, the conversion will most likely fail.
-
Shaft design wizard: Generates a shaft from a table of values and allows to analyze forces and moments. The shaft is made with a revolved sketch that can be edited.
-
Involute gear: creates an involute gear profile that can be used by a Pad.
Contextual Menu tools
Set tip: redefines the tip, which is the feature exposed outside of the Body.
- Move object to other body: moves the selected sketch, datum geometry or feature to another Body.
- Move object after other object: allows reordering of the Body tree by moving the selected sketch, datum geometry or feature to another position in the list of features.
Preferences
Preferences...: Preferences disposable in PartDesign Tools.
Tutorials
- Creating a simple part with PartDesign v0.17
- Basic Part Design Tutorial 017
- PartDesign Bearingholder Tutorial I (needs updating)
- PartDesign Bearingholder Tutorial II (needs updating)
Links
- What's new in PartDesign Next
- Updated PartDesign workflow
- FC v0.17dev: Part Design Next Usecases and Best practices
- Sandbox:Part Design Next